Uncrewed spacecraft Uncrewed or unmanned spacecraft are spacecraft without people on board , used for robotic spaceflight . Uncrewed spacecraft may have varying levels of autonomy from human input; they may be remote controlled , remote guided or even autonomous , meaning they have a pre-programmed list of operations , which they will execute unless otherwise instructed. Many habitable spacecraft also have varying levels of robotic features. For example, the space stations Salyut 7 and Mir , and the International Space Station module Zarya , were capable of remote guided station-keeping and docking maneuvers with both resupply craft and new modules. The most common uncrewed spacecraft categories are robotic spacecraft , uncrewed resupply spacecraft , space probes and space observatories . Not every uncrewed spacecraft is a robotic spacecraft; for example, a reflector ball is a non-robotic uncrewed spacecraft.Examples For a more detailed list, see List of Solar System probes . Selected lunar probes Luna program — USSR Lunar exploration Ranger program — US Lunar hard-landing probes Zond program — USSR Lunar exploration Surveyor program — US Lunar soft-landing probe Lunar Orbiter program — US Lunar orbital Lunokhod program — USSR Lunar Rover probes MUSES-A — Japanese Lunar orbital and hard-landing probes Clementine — US Lunar orbital Lunar Prospector — US Lunar orbital Smart 1 — European Lunar orbital SELENE — Japanese lunar orbiter Chang'e 1 — Chinese lunar orbiter Chandrayaan 1 — Indian lunar orbiter Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter — US Lunar orbiter LCROSS — US Lunar hard-landing probe Chang'e 2 — Chinese Lunar orbiter Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory — US Lunar orbiters Zond program — failed USSR flyby probe Mars probe program — USSR orbiters and landers Viking program — two NASA orbiters and landers Phobos program — failed USSR orbiters and Phobos landers Mars Pathfinder — NASA lander and rover Mars Surveyor '98 program — failed NASA probes Mars Global Surveyor — NASA orbiter Mars Odyssey — NASA orbiter, reached Mars on October 24, 2001 Mars Observer — failed NASA Mars orbiter Mars Express — European orbiter and failed lander 2003 Mars Exploration Rovers — NASA rovers Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter — NASA orbiter, entered Martian orbit March 10, 2006 Phoenix — NASA lander, landed May 25, 2008 Mars Science Laboratory — NASA rover, launched November 26, 2011 Mars Orbiter Mission — Indian orbiter launched by ISRO on 5 November , 2013 Venera program — USSR Venus orbiter and lander Pioneer Venus project — US Venus orbiter and entry probes Vega program — USSR mission to Venus and Comet Halley Magellan probe — US Venus orbiter Venus Express — ESA probe sent for the observation of the Venus's weatherGas giant probes Pioneer program — US Jupiter and Saturn flybys Voyager program — US Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune flyby and study of interstellar medium Galileo probe — US Jupiter orbiter and atmosphere probe Cassini-Huygens — US-European Saturn orbiter and Titan lander Huygens Juno — US Jupiter orbiterComet and asteroid probes International Cometary Explorer — passed through gas tail of comet 21P/Giacobini-Zinner Giotto — European — flyby of comet 1P/Halley Vega 1 & 2 — USSR — flyby of comet 1P/Halley Sakigake — Japanese — flyby of comet 1P/Halley Suisei — Japanese — flyby of comet 1P/Halley NEAR Shoemaker — US — asteroid 433 Eros orbiter, which later landed on the asteroid's surface, launched 1996 Deep Space 1 — US — comet 19P/Borrelly and asteroid flyby, 1998–2000 Stardust — US — comet 81P/Wild flyby and sample return , launched 1999, flew-by 2004, returned January 15, 2006 CONTOUR — US — comet flyby mission ; lost due to solid rocket motor failure shortly after launch in 2002 Hayabusa — Japanese — asteroid rendezvous, lander and sample return, launched 2003, returned June 13 , 2010 Rosetta — European — comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko orbiter and lander ; launched 2004 Deep Impact — successful US comet 9P/Tempel impactor, launched 2005 Deep Impact/EPOXI — US — comet 103P/Hartley flyby — 2010 — US — comet 9P/Tempel flyby — 2011 Dawn — US launched on September 27 , 2007 — orbited Vesta in 2011, and currently orbiting Ceres since 2015 Ulysses — solar particles and fields Genesis — first solar wind sample return mission , 2001–2004 Interstellar Boundary Explorer — launched October 19 , 2008. Advanced Composition Explorer — solar particles and fields observation at Earth-Sun point STEREO — pair of probes in solar orbits providing 3D observations of Sun SOHO — Solar and Heliospheric Observatory , observer for Sun's corona and core located at point Zond program — USSR flyby missions to the Moon , Venus, and Mars Mariner program — US Mercury , Venus and Mars flybys MESSENGER — US Mercury orbiter, launched 2004 New Horizons — US launched on January 19, 2006 — first probe to visit Pluto , successful flyby on 14 July 2015 Technology demonstrators OREX — Japanese atmospheric reentry and heat shield demonstrator Atmospheric Reentry Demonstrator — European atmospheric reentry and heat shield demonstrator HYFLEX — Japanese uncrewed spaceplane atmospheric reentry demonstrator Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle — European uncrewed spaceplane atmospheric reentry demonstratorUncrewed resupply spacecraft
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