Unrecognized ethnic groups in China
Several ethnic groups of the People's Republic of China are not officially recognized. Taken together, these groups number more than 730,000 people; if considered as a single group, they would constitute the twentieth most populous ethnic group of China. Some scholars have estimated that there are over 200 distinct ethnic groups that inhabit China. There are in addition small distinct ethnic groups that have been classified as part of larger ethnic groups that are officially recognized. Some groups, like the Hui of Xinjiang with the Hui of Fujian, are geographically and culturally separate, except for the shared belief of Islam. Han Chinese, being the world's largest ethnic group, has a large diversity within it, such as in Gansu, whose Han individuals may have genetic traits from the assimilated Tangut civilization. Although they are indigenous to Hainan island and do not speak a Chinese language, the Limgao people near the capital are counted as Han Chinese.
Notable unrecognized ethnic groups include:
English Name | Mandarin Pinyin | Simplified Chinese | Population | Classified in census as..... | Territory | Details |
Ongkor | Wēng kuò rén | :zh:翁阔人 | 20 | Evenki | Yining County, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang | It is said that Ongkor is the smallest ethnic group in China. The 1993 survey showed that there were only 20 people. |
Aynu | Ài nǔ rén | :zh:艾努人 | 10,000 | Uyghur | Moyu/Hetian/Luopu/Shache/Shule/Yingjisha Counties, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang | They speak Aynu language. Their dominant religion is Islam. |
Keriya | Kè lǐ yǎ rén | :zh:克里雅人 | 1,300 | Uyghur | Yutian/Minfeng County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang | The Keriya people are said to be descendants of the Tibet Aliguge dynasty. Another is said to be a desert indigenous people living here. The natural environment determines the life style of the Keriya people in the deep Taklimakan Desert. It still retains the simple and pure folk customs. Culture and a more primitive way of life. Most of them lived together for generations. The elderly at home are the most respected elders. The tribes rarely marry outsiders. They are called "the primitive tribes in the desert." |
Tomao | Tuō mào rén | :zh:托茂人 | 500 | Hui | Yanqi Hui Autonomous County, Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang and Zhidoi County, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai | Distributed in Qinghai and Xinjiang, with its own unique customs, using Tomo language |
Guge | Gǔ gé rén | :zh:古格人 | 5000 | Hui and Tibetan | Hualong Hui Autonomous County, Haidong Prefecture, Qinghai, Deqen/Weixi Counties, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan and Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region | It is distributed in Hualong Hui Autonomous County of Qinghai Province, Shangri-La, Deqin, Weixi County, and Lhasa City of Tibet Autonomous Region in the Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province. The Guge people are culturally coordinated and adapted to be compatible with and preserve multi-ethnic culture. Suddenly retain the characteristics of the Hui culture, forming a unique nation. |
Kangjia | Kāng jiā rén | :zh:康家人 | 500-600 | Hui | Jainca County, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai | The Kangjia people s has its own language, Kangjia language. It belongs to the Mongolian language group of the Altaic language group. The lifestyle is mixed with the Hui and Tu nationalities. Therefore, the Kangjia peoples now consider themselves to be an independent nationalities, which is not the same as the surrounding people. |
Manmi | Màn mī rén | :zh:曼咪人 | 1000 | Blang | Jinghong County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan | Manmi people have their own language, Man Met which belongs to the Mon-Khmer language group, and the Manmi people's housing, costumes, religious beliefs, and festivals are similar to the Yi people, but the ethnic group is classified as the Blang ethnic group. Now, Manmi people hope to be counted as an independent nation. |
Kunge | Kūn gé rén | :zh:昆格人 | 1656 | Blang | Jinghong County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan | The custom of the Kunge is different from that of the general Blang. The unique special day has the Dragon and the Dragon Festival. The Dragon Column is an iron festival. The time is in the solar calendar in February. During the festival, you must kill the cows, burn the bonfire, and worship the ancestors. |
Bajia | Bā jiǎ rén | :zh:八甲人 | 1500 | Blang and Yi | Yu'a/Yucha Township, Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan | Distributed in Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Those who mixed with Blang are being classified as Blang peoples while those who unmixed are being classified as Yi peoples. |
Akha | Ā kǎ rén | :zh:阿卡人 | 6000 | Hani | Jinghong/Jinghan/Qilong town, Bulangshan town and Qilun town, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan | The Akha claimed to be "over gram", and Akha was the name of the Yi people. |
Laopin | Lǎo pǐn rén | :zh:老品人 | 233 | May be classified as Dai | Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan | The Lao Ping ethnics call themselves "old products", also known as "card products." Old people retain their own language, such as eating for "Tangza", housing for "crowding", and fluent slang. The old-fashioned housing is a Chinese-style bungalow. A unique original religion, with temples and godless statues, is held every year in the whole village. |
Laomian | Lǎo miǎn rén | :zh:老緬人 | 233 | Lahu | Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan | The Laomian has nothing to do with the Burmese. The Laomian people is a cross-border ethnic group distributed in the border areas of China, Thailand, Myanmar, and Laos. In China, Laojia Dazhai in Zhutang Township of Mula County and Miaohai Village in Menghai County of Mianhai County are the main settlements. |
Bisu | Bì sū rén | :zh:毕苏人 | 6000 | Some are classified as Lahu while those who live in Menghai County are counted as "undistinguished nationalities" | Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan | |
Muxi | Mù lǎo rén | :zh:木佬人 | 30000 | Yi | Majiang/Kaili/Huangping, Duyun/Fuquan, Guizhou and Chun'an County, Zhejiang | Their language Muyu language belongs to the Kra language group, close to the proverb, but because he is close to Gelao they are being classified into the Yi. |
Caizu | Cài zú rén | :zh:菜族人 | 170 | Han | Unknown | |
Chuanqing | Chuān qīng rén | :zh:穿青人 | 670000 | Han | Liupanshui/Zhijin County, Bijie Prefecture, Guizhou | The Chuanqings, however, view themselves as a distinct people group. Most of them live in Anshun area of Guizhou province. Other locals call the Chuanqings "Da Jiao Ban" or "Da Xiuzi". Uniquely, they worship a god called Wuxian. |
Caijia | Cài jiā rén | :zh:蔡家人 | 40000 | Han or Bai | Guizhou | Caijia people's language is said to be relative of Bai language. |
Longjia | Lóng jiā rén | :zh:龍家人 | >500000 | Han, Bai, and Bouyei | Anshun Prefecture, Guizhou | They are not same with Bai of Yunnan. |
Mojia | Mò jiā rén | :zh:莫家人 | 20000 | Bouyei | Libo County, Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou | They speak Mak language |
Lemo | Lēi mò rén | :zh:勒墨人 | 7000 | Bai and Lisu | Lushui County, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan | They are results of intermarriage between Tai Mao and Lisu peoples. |
Deng | Chēng rén | :zh:僜人 | 2000 | May be classified as Tibetan | Zayu County, Linzhi, Tibet Autonomous Region | They speak various Mishmi languages. |
Ya | Yá rén | :zh:崖人 | 5000000 | Zhuang | Baise, Guangxi | |
Limin | Lǐ mín rén | :zh:里民人 | 100000 | Li | Anshun/Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou | They are not descendants of Li people of Hainan. In fact, they are part of Chuanqing people. |
Bunu | Bù nǔ rén | :zh:布努人 | 400,000 | Yao | Guangxi | |
Mang | Mǎng rén | :zh:莽人 | 568 | Blang | Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan | |
Pakan | Bù gēng rén | :zh:布赓人 | 2,000 | Yi | Wennan, Xiqiao. Wenshan, Yunnan | |
Tuvans | Tú wǎ rén | :zh:图瓦人 | 3,900 | Mongolians | Far north of Xinjiang | Only around 2,000 Tuvan speakers left. |