Urine osmolality


Urine osmolality is a measure of urine concentration, in which large values indicate concentrated urine and small values indicate diluted urine. Consumption of water affects the osmolality of urine.
Osmolality is measured by osmometer, which evaluates the freezing point depression of a solution and supplies results as milliosmoles per kilogram of water while specific gravity is measured by colorimetric strips, refractometer, hydrometer and pyknometer.
In healthy humans with restricted fluid intake, urine osmolality should be greater than 800 mOsm/kg, while a 24-hour urine osmolality should average between 500 and 800 mOsm/kg.
Urine osmolality in humans can range from approximately 50 to 1200 mOsm/kg, depending on whether the person has recently drunk a large quantity of water or has gone without water for a long time. Plasma osmolality with typical fluid intake often averages approximately 290 mOsm/kg H2O in humans.

In other animals

Some mammals are capable of higher osmolality than humans. This includes rats, hamsters and mice, and chinchillas