Vasco da Gama Bridge


The Vasco da Gama Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge flanked by viaducts and rangeviews that spans the Tagus River in Parque das Nações in Lisbon, the capital of Portugal.
It is the longest bridge in the European Union, and the second longest in all of Europe after the Crimean Bridge with a total length of, including for the main bridge and in viaducts. The bridge is served by of dedicated access roads. It was built to alleviate the congestion on Lisbon's 25 de Abril Bridge, and eliminate the need for traffic between the country's northern and southern regions to pass through the capital city.
Construction began in February 1995; the bridge was opened to traffic on 29 March 1998, just in time for Expo 98, the World's Fair that celebrated the 500th anniversary of the discovery by Vasco da Gama of the sea route from Europe to India.

Description

The bridge carries six road lanes, with a speed limit of, the same as that on motorways, except on one section which is limited to. On windy, rainy, and foggy days, the speed limit is reduced to. The number of road lanes will be enlarged to eight when traffic reaches a daily average of 52,000.
;Bridge and access road sections
  1. North access roads:
  2. North viaduct:
  3. Expo viaduct: ; 12 sections
  4. Main bridge: main span: ; side spans: each ; cement pillars: -high; free height for navigation in high tides: ;
  5. Central viaduct: ; 80 pre-fabricated sections -long; 81 pillars up to -deep; height from to
  6. South viaduct: ; sections; 84 sections; 85 pillars
  7. South access roads: ; includes the toll plaza and two service areas

    Construction and cost

The $1.1 billion project was split in four parts, each built by a different company, and supervised by an independent consortium. There were up to 3,300 workers simultaneously on the project, which took 18 months of preparation and 18 months of construction. The financing is via a build-operate-transfer system by Lusoponte, a private consortium which receive the first 40 years of tolls of both Lisbon bridges. Lusoponte's capital is 50.4% from Portuguese companies, 24.8% French and 24.8% British.
The bridge has a life expectancy of 120 years, having been designed to withstand wind speeds of and hold up to an earthquake 4.5 times stronger than the historical 1755 Lisbon earthquake. The deepest foundation piles, up to in diameter, were driven down to under mean sea level. Environmental pressure throughout the project resulted in the left-bank viaducts being extended inland to preserve the marshes underneath, as well as the lamp posts throughout the bridge being tilted inwards so as not to cast light on the river below.

Toll

Northbound traffic is charged a toll, while traveling southbound is free. Tolls are collected through a toll plaza located in the south bank of Tagus, near Montijo. As of 2020, taxes range from €2.85 to €12.20.