Velvia is a brand of daylight-balanced color reversal film produced by the Japanese companyFujifilm. The name is a portmanteau of "Velvet Media", a reference to its smooth image structure. The original incarnation of the film was called "Velvia for Professionals", known as RVP, a classification code meaning "Reversal/Velvia/Professional series". It is known for its extremely high level of color saturation and image quality. Velvia was introduced in 1990 and quickly became a "must try" film, giving Kodachrome 25 some stiff competition as the industry standard in high-definition color film. It has brighter and generally more accurate color reproduction, finer grain, twice the speed, and a more convenient process. Kodachrome 25 fell out of popularity a few years after Velvia was introduced ; Kodachrome 64 and 200 followed more slowly. Kodachrome 25 had previously been considered the film to which all other films had been compared, and cannot fairly be compared to Velvia, as Kodachrome is an entirely different process, in which the image is produced with "color clouds" more so than grain. Velvia has the highest resolving power of any slide film. A 35 mm Velvia slide can resolve up to 160 lines per mm.
Appearance
Velvia has very saturated colors under daylight, high contrast, and exceptional sharpness. These characteristics make it the slide film of choice for many nature photographers.
Speeds
The original Velvia was an ISO 50 film. In practice, many photographers used an exposure index of 40 or 32 to increase exposure slightly in order to yield less saturated colors and more shadow detail. It was discontinued in 2008. Velvia 50 was reintroduced, on the new film base, in 2009 after announcements under the provisional name Velvia II in 2008. The original Velvia had been discontinued because of difficulties in obtaining some of the raw materials needed to make the emulsion. Fuji R&D created a new emulsion which substituted different materials in its manufacture yet retained the appearance of the classic Velvia. Velvia 100F offers saturated colors, better color fidelity and higher contrast. It was introduced in 2002 and discontinued in 2012 although stocks are still available. Velvia 100F is less saturated than RVP50 and is accurate in color rendition with the exception of yellow. It exaggerates this color, especially when there is a slight yellowish cast in the scene. On film, this will be a deeper and more noticeable yellow. Skin color was rendered better. Velvia 100 is about as saturated as the original version but has lower contrast. The newer speed also has finer grain, and uses the color correction layers found in Provia 100F. Velvia 100 was introduced in 2005, to replace the discontinued original Velvia. The color rendition of Velvia 100 seems to favor the red end of the spectrum. Beige will be seen as more reddish. Blues and greens are rendered very well. Reds are especially vibrant.
The original Velvia suffered much more from reciprocity failure than most other films. Exposing the film for as little as 16 seconds produced a color shift, typically to purple or green, depending on shooting conditions. Anything over four seconds requires the use of magenta color correction filters if correct color balance is required, exposures of 64 seconds and longer are "not recommended" by Fuji. Velvia 100 is much better with long exposures: no reciprocity failure compensation is required for exposures shorter than 1 minute.
Velvia in cinematography
Velvia film stock was available through 2006 and was used for many commercials, but rarely for feature films. Its main use in movies was for shooting stock landscape shots and special-effects background plates. One example is the 1998 film What Dreams May Come, which took place largely within a painting. After being discontinued, the closest replacement for the original Velvia film stock was Eterna Vivid 160, which produced roughly the same color effect while being more easily processed. Since 2013 Fujifilm has ended production of all motion picture film. Since 2006, Velvia 50 D is available in Super 8 via three independent companies, Pro8mm in the US, and GK Film and Wittner Kinotechnik in Europe. However, demand for it is higher than those companies together are currently capable of properly supplying. Spectra Film and Video has also been loading Fuji Velvia into Super 8 cartridges and for 16 mm. They recently modified the Kodak-supplied cartridges to ensure a smoother transport of Velvia film through the cartridge.
