Vertex distance is the distance between the back surface of a corrective lens, i.e. glasses or contact lenses, and the front of the cornea. Increasing or decreasing the vertex distance changes the optical properties of the system, by moving the focal pointforward or backward, effectively changing the power of the lens relative to the eye. Since most refractions are performed at a vertex distance of 12-14 mm, the power of the correction may need to be modified from the initial prescription so that light reaches the patient's eye with the same effective power that it did through the phoropter or trial frame. Vertex distance is important when converting between contact lens and glasses prescriptions and becomes significant if the glasses prescription is beyond ±4.00 diopters. The formula for vertex correction is, where Fc is the power corrected for vertex distance, F is the original lens power, and x is the change in vertex distance in meters.
Derivation
The vertex distance formulacalculates what power lens is needed to focus light on the same location if the lens has been moved by a distance x. To focus light to the same image location: where fc is the focal length of the new lens, f is the focal length of the original lens, and x is the distance that the lens was moved. The value for x can be positive or negative depending on the sign convention. Lens power in diopters is the mathematical inverse of focal length in meters. Substituting for lens power arrives at After simplifying the final equation is found:
Examples
Example 1: Example Prescription Adjustment
A phoropter measurement of a patient reads -8.00D sphere and -5.25D cylinder with an axis of 85° for one eye. The phoropter measurement is made at a common vertex distance of 12mm from the eye. The equivalent prescription at the patient's cornea can be calculated as follows : The corrected cylinder value is obtained using the same correction formula on the steeper power of the astigmatic axis: The axis value does not change with vertex distance, so the equivalent prescription for a contact lens is -7.30 D of sphere, -4.13 D of cylinder with 85 degrees of axis.
Example 2: Sample Plots
The following plots show the difference in spherical power at a 0mm vertex distance and a 12mm vertex distance. 0mm is used as the reference starting power and is one-to-one. The second plot shows the difference between the 0mm and 12mm vertex distance powers. Above around 4D of spherical power, the difference versus the corrected power becomes more than 0.25D and is clinically significant.
