Via Rasella attack


The Via Rasella attack was an action taken by the Italian resistance movement against the Nazi German occupation forces in Rome, Italy on 23 March 1944.

Location

Via Rasella is located in the centre of the city of Rome, in the rione of Trevi; it connects Via delle Quattro Fontane with Via del Traforo, and took its name from the property of the Raselli family which was located there.

History

The attack was led by the against the 11th company of the 3rd battalion of the Polizeiregiment "Bozen", a military unit of the German Ordnungspolizei recruited in the largely ethnic-German Alto Adige region in north-east Italy, during the de facto German annexation of the region. At the time of the attack, the regiment was at the disposal of the German military command of the city of Rome, headed by Luftwaffe General Kurt Mälzer.

The attack

The attack on 23 March 1944 was the largest Italian partisan attack against the German troops. The GAP members, under the orders of Carlo Salinari and Franco Calamandrei, were on Via Rasella during the passage of a company of the Police Regiment "Bozen", consisting of 156 men.
The action began with the explosion of a bomb deposited by Rosario Bentivegna. Eleven other partisans participated:
The other members of the group were absent for various reasons: Lucia Ottobrini was ill, and Maria Teresa Regard was opposed to the choice of the place of the attack.
The attack saw the annihilation of the 11th company and caused the death of 32 men and about 110 wounded as well as two civilians, while the partisans did not have any losses.

German retaliation

Ardeatine Caves

In retaliation, the German troops killed 335 persons, prisoners and people rounded up, almost all of them civilians in the Ardeatine massacre, organized and conducted by SS Obersturmbannführer Herbert Kappler, head of Sicherheitspolizei and Sicherheitsdienst in Rome.