Vier Tondichtungen nach A. Böcklin
Vier Tondichtungen nach A. Böcklin, Op. 128, is a composition in four parts for orchestra by Max Reger, based on four paintings by Arnold Böcklin, including Die Toteninsel. He composed them in Meiningen in 1913.
Background and history
While tone poems were a common genre around 1900, including many works by Richard Strauss, Reger typically wrote more abstract music. He described his Eine romantische Suite, Op. 125, and the tone poems after Böcklin as "Ausflug in das Gebiet der Programmusik".Reger composed the four tone poems in Meiningen from end of May to July 1913, after planning it from October 1912. He dedicated the work to Julius Buths. The score and parts were published by Bote & Bock in September 1913. Reger conducted the first performance in Essen on 12 October that year, with the Städtisches Orchester.
Structure and scoring
The four parts are in contrasting tempo, slow–fast–slow–fast. Both slow movements, [|1] and 3, are marked Molto sostenuto , both fast movements Vivace.| No. | Title | Translation | Marking |
| 1 | Der geigende Eremit | The hermit playing violin | Molto sostenuto |
| 2 | Im Spiel der Wellen | Playing in the waves | Vivace |
| [|3] | Die Toteninsel | 'Isle of the Dead' | Molto sostenuto |
| 4 | Bacchanal | Bacchanale | Vivace |
The work is scored for a symphonic orchestra of three flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, contrabassoon, four horns, three trumpets, three trombones, tuba, harp, three timpani and more percussion, solo-violin, strings. The pieces can be played individually or as "a quasi-symphony".
Der geigende Eremit
Der geigende Eremit is based on a painting Der Einsiedler that Böcklin made in Florence in 1884. A solo violin is contrasted by a group of strings playing con sordino and another group playing not muted. The "ethereal violin" has been compared to Ralph Vaughan Williams' The Lark Ascending, composed in 1914.Klaus Uwe Ludwig wrote an arrangement of the movement for violin and organ, which was published by Breitkopf.
Im Spiel der Wellen
Im Spiel der Wellen is based on a painting Im Spiel der Wellen that Böcklin made in 1883. Like the painting, the music evokes the shimmering foam of surf in sunlight, and the play of naiads and Triton. A reviewer compares the movement to Debussy's La mer written a few years earlier, noting that "Reger pursued the flamboyant realm of mythical creatures". Both works have a similar "sparkling orchestral character".Die Toteninsel
Die Toteninsel is based on a painting of the same name that Böcklin made in five different versions between 1880 and 1886. The painting has been regarded Böcklin's most famous work, with a title not by Böcklin himself, but the art dealer Fritz Gurlitt. Thomas Mann characterized the painting as expressing Sympathie mit dem Tode, typical for the fin de siècle. A composition based on the painting by Andreas Hallén appeared in 1897, others followed, including a piece of the same title by Serge Rachmaninoff in 1909. Reger writes "long-held but shifting sonorities", using the orchestra like an organ.Max Beckschäfer arranged Reger's movement for organ in 1984. He played it first at the Marktkirche Wiesbaden in 1985, along with the organ part of his arrangement of Reger's Hebbel Requiem.