Fiji lies in a tectonically complex area between the Australian Plate and the Pacific Plate. The Fiji Platform lies in a zone bordered with active extension fault lines around which most of the shallow earthquakes were centered. These fault lines are the Fiji Fracture Zone to the north, the 176° Extension Zone to the west, and the Hunter Fracture Zone and Lau Ridge to the east. The oldest rocks on the island consist of the Eocene to Lower Miocene Wainimala Group. The Lower portion of the Group are composed of volcanic flows and volcanoclastics, which grade from basalt to trachyte and rhyolite. Geographically, this group is found south of Nadi, including the peaks of Koromba and Natambumgguto, down to Sigatoka. From Sigatoka, the Group extends almost all the way to Lodoni, and includes the peaks of Tuvutau and Tikituru, while along the southern coast it extends almost to Nausori. The Group is intruded by the Tholo Plutonics consisting of similar age stocks of tonalite, granodiorite, gabbro and diorite. Mio-Pliocene sandstones and marl, grading into epiclastics and andesitic volcanics of the Suva Group are found mainly in the river valleys such as those formed by the Nadi River and Navua River. The Plio-Pleistocene Mba Grouop is found on the northern portion of the island and consists of porphyritic basalt flows and volcanoclastics grading into greywacke. Geographically it includes the peaks of Koroyanitu, Malua, Monavatu, Mount Tomanivi, and Ndelamendamu, and extends along the eastern coast almost to Nausori. It also includes the Emperor Mine near Vatukoula.
Geography and economy
Viti Levu is the largest island in the nation, home to 70% of the population, and is the hub of the entire Fijian archipelago. It measures long and wide, and has an area of. Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions account for the somewhat rugged terrain of the island, which is divided into roughly equal halves by a north-south mountain range. The centre of the island is forested and includes the nation's highest peak Mount Tomanivi rising to. The eastern side of the island experiences heavy rainfall, while the western side is noticeably drier in the range's rain shadow. Accordingly, sugar cane production thrives in the west, while a dairy industry is being built in the east. Fiji's biggest cattle ranch is at Yaqara, with 7000 head of cattle on its, located halfway between Tavua and Rakiraki. The island is the only known home of one of the world's largest insects, the Giant Fijian long-horned beetle.
Localities
Viti Levu hosts the capital city of Suva, and is home to nearly three quarters of the population of the Republic. Other important towns, all around the coast, include Ba, Lautoka, Nadi, Nausori, Rakiraki, and Sigatoka. One major road has been built around the perimeter of Viti Levu. Well-known localities include Natadola Beach, Pacific Harbour.
Viti Levu is believed to have been inhabited longer than the northern island of Vanua Levu. According to oral traditions, the first Melanesian settlers landed at Vuda Point and established Viseisei, believed to be Fiji's oldest settlement, although archaeologists refute this claim.
