Waikato Expressway
The Waikato Expressway is a dual carriageway section of State Highway 1 in the Waikato region of the North Island of New Zealand that is being constructed in stages. It forms part of the link between Auckland and Hamilton. When completed it will stretch and be shorter than the roads it replaced.
Currently, the expressway is made up of two sections: the first beginning at the end of the Auckland Southern Motorway at the top of the Bombay Hills and ending at Te Rapa and the second beginning at Tamahere and ending 2.5 km south of Cambridge. When completed, the expressway will form a 101.4 km long continuous four-lane dual carriageway from the Bombay Hills to beyond the town of Cambridge, 24 kilometres south-east of Hamilton. Hamilton, as well as several other towns along the current route of State Highway 1 , will be completely bypassed by the expressway, allowing through traffic to move much more efficiently.
History
While not officially designated as the Waikato Expressway until the early 2000s, the upgrading of State Highway 1 from the Bombay Hills to Mercer from 1992 to 1993 can be considered to be the first step in the construction of the expressway. During this upgrade, State Highway 1 from the end of the Southern Motorway to just north of Mercer was upgraded from two lanes to four, with grade separated interchanges constructed at Bombay and the junction with State Highway 2 just north of the township of Pokeno. A bypass of Pokeno was also constructed at this time, as well as several partially separated interchanges to allow access for local property owners along the route.The Rangiriri to Ohinewai section was completed in 2003. The northern half of this section follows the pre-existing highway while the southern half of this section deviates from the original highway in order to bypass Ohinewai and features a diamond interchange on Tahuna Rd.
The Mercer to Longswamp section from the Bombay Hills to Mercer was opened in July 2006. The former two-lane section of State Highway is now the carriageway for northbound traffic, while a separate carriageway for southbound traffic was constructed in parallel. A grade-separated interchange at Mercer was also constructed, incorporating an overpass for the southbound lanes to cross over the North Island Main Trunk railway at this point.
As the two dual carriageway sections of the expressway are not continuous, the section of highway between Longswamp and Rangiriri was upgraded to a 2+1 road in 2005 with the intention of upgrading this section to four lanes in the future.
In 2009 the Waikato Expressway was announced by New Zealand's minister of Transport, Steven Joyce, as being one of seven "roads of national significance".
The Mangaharakeke Drive section, originally known as the Te Rapa Bypass, was opened on 3 December 2012 between Horotiu and Rotokauri. Construction of the section of the expressway and Mangaharakeke Drive between Taupiri and Horotiu, bypassing Ngāruawāhia, began in late 2011 and was officially opened on 14 December 2013.
Following funding approval in December 2012 construction of the Rangiriri and Cambridge sections commenced in 2013, in March and August respectively. The Cambridge section was officially opened on 15 December 2015 by Transport Minister Simon Bridges, with the road opening to traffic the next day.
The Rangiriri section mainline opened as a single carriageway on 21 June 2016, and became fully operational as a dual carriageway on 13 April 2017.
Construction of the Huntly section began in late August 2015. Construction of the biggest section, the Hamilton section, commenced in March 2016. Construction for the Longswamp section, the last section to commence, began in October 2016. It was opened in December 2019.
In May 2017, the NZTA started consulting on a 16 km extension of the expressway, from the current terminus at Cambridge south to the SH 29 intersection at Piarere.
In December 2017, the Cambridge section became one of the first two sections of highway in New Zealand to be given a speed limit of 110 km/h.
| Section | Location | Length | Cost | Constructed | Note |
| Pokeno | Bombay–Mercer | 12 km | −1995 | ||
| Mercer | Mercer–Hampton Downs | 11 km | $83.5m | −2006 | |
| Longswamp | Hampton Downs–Te Kauwhata | 6 km | $115m | 2016–2019 | |
| Rangiriri | Te Kauwhata–Ohinewai | 5 km | $105m | 2013–2017 | |
| Ohinewai | Ohinewai bypass | 7 km | $24m | −2003 | |
| Huntly | Ohinewai–Taupiri | 15 km | $458m | 2015–2020 | Opened March 2020. New highway bypassing Huntly |
| Ngāruawāhia | Taupiri–Horotiu | 7 km | $190m | 2011–2013 | Opened December 2013. New highway bypassing Ngāruawāhia. |
| Te Rapa | Horotiu–Rotokauri | 10 km | $195m | 2010–2012 | Opened December 2012. New highway bypassing Te Rapa. |
| Hamilton | Lake Road interchange–Tamahere | 22 km | $973m | 2016–2021 | |
| Tamahere | Tamahere bypass | 2 km | |||
| Cambridge | Tamahere–Cambridge south | 16 km | $250m | 2013–2015 | Opened 16 December 2015. Upgraded highway from Tamahere to Cambridge north; new highway bypassing Cambridge |
Safety
On the 16 km Cambridge section in the year following its opening, up to 50 serious crashes were avoided because of road safety barriers.Economic benefits
A 2009 report for New Zealand Transport Agency concluded that the benefit cost ratio of the Expressway was 0.5, i.e. for every dollar of investment the return was 50 cents.The figures were reworked in 2010 because "Infometrics original RoNS analysis and report was concluded in December 2009. Since this time, NZTA published an updated conventional evaluation of the Waikato Expressway. The materiality of the change to the Waikato Expressway assessment warranted an update and re-run of the CGE model." The re-run model shows benefits of $186.3m pa, against annual costs of $87.3m. However, this is based on a total cost for the road of $1454.4m, which omits land costs, "as from an economy-wide perspective this is merely a transfer of ownership of an existing asset". In June 2015 the NZTA estimated the total cost of the road at between $2,200m and $2,400m. A critic has said that the calculations do not take account of the costs of owning and operating a vehicle on the roads, nor rising fuel costs. In 2016 some MPs were concerned Auckland congestion would cut travel time savings and hence the cost-benefit ratio of 1.4:1. One MP commented that the alternative commuter train, with the same CBR, didn't "get a look in".