Werner "Fips" Fürbringer was a successful German U-boatcommander in the Kaiserliche Marine during World War I, sinking 101 ships. He was later promoted to the rank of Konteradmiral during World War II.
Early years
Fürbringer was born in Braunschweig and entered the Imperial German Navy as a Seekadett on 3 April 1907. Subsequently, he attended the Basic-Training and was assigned on Board of the School-Ship SMS Charlotte. He also attended the Naval-School and the other Special-Briefings and was promoted to the rank of Fähnrich zur See. He then spent some time aboard the cruiser SMS Roon, sailing in the East Asia within the High Seas Fleet, before being transferred to the Heavy cruiserSMS Scharnhorst. During the time of his transfer, Fürbringer was promoted to the rank of Leutnant zur See on 28 September 1910. Spending another two years in Asia, Fürbringer returned home in November 1912 and subsequently he was selected for the U-Boat training.
World War I
He served aboard, but left prior to the U-20s sinking of in 1915. He exclusively commanded small, coastal U-boats, starting with in February 1915. He went on to command six subsequent UB and UC-type boats, during which time he was awarded the Iron Cross, Second and First class. He was a successful commerce raider, responsible for sinking 101 ships and damaged five others. His last command was, which was depth-charged and rammed by on 19 July 1918. The Garrys commanding officer was Lieutenant CommanderCharles Lightoller. In his postwar memoirs, Fürbringer accused Lightoller's crew of opening fire with revolvers and machine guns on the unarmed survivors after the sinking of UB-110. During the ensuing massacre, Fürbringer watched the skull of an 18-year old member of his crew being split open by a lump of coal hurled by a Royal Navy sailor. When Fürbringer attempted to help a wounded officer to swim, he was told, "Let me die in peace. The swine are going to murder us anyhow." The shooting only ceased when the convoy the destroyer had been escorting and which contained many neutral-flagged ships, arrived on scene. He later recalled, "As if by magic the British now let down some life boats into the water." If Fürbringer's accusations were true, the Garry's commanding officer, Lieutenant Commander Lightoller, committed a war crime under the Hague Convention of 1907, which explicitly forbade any killing of unarmed shipwreck survivors. 21 out of 34 crew members were killed during the sinking and alleged massacre, and Fürbringer was captured. He spent the rest of the war as a British prisoner of war.
World War II
In the inter-war years Furbringer served in various capacities, and at the start of the Second World War he was appointed commander of Submarine Defence Department of Germany's Naval High Command. In 1942 he was promoted to Konteradmiral, and was Inspector of Armaments in the occupied Eastern Territories. He was released from service in June 1943. Werner Furbringer died in Brunswick in February 1982.
U-boat commands
Werner Furbringer held command of seven U-boats during World War I
Werner Fürbringer: Alarm! Tauchen!! U-Boot in Kampf und Sturm, Ullstein, Berlin 1933,. English translation: Fips: Legendary U-Boat Commander, 1915-1918, Naval Institute Press, 2000,.
