Wesleyan Church
The Wesleyan Church, also known as the Wesleyan Methodist Church and Wesleyan Holiness Church depending on the region, is a holiness Protestant Christian denomination in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, South Africa, Namibia, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Indonesia, Asia, and Australia. The church is part of the holiness movement and has roots in the teachings of John Wesley. It is Wesleyan and Arminian in doctrine.
Near the end of 2014, the Wesleyan Church had grown to an average of 516,203 adherents weekly in around 5,800 churches worldwide and is active in almost 100 nations. In 2017, there were 140,954 members in 1,607 congregations in North America, and an average worship attendance of 239,842. The growing statistics for 2015 reveals the church has around 1 million members worldwide.
Wesleyan Life is the official publication. Global Partners is the official nonprofit missions organization. The Wesleyan Church world headquarters are in Fishers, Indiana.
History
The Wesleyan Methodist Connection was officially formed in 1843 at an organizing conference in Utica, New York, by a group of ministers and laymen splitting from the Methodist Episcopal Church. The split was primarily over their objections to slavery, though they had secondary issues as well, such as ecclesiastical polity. Orange Scott presided as the meeting formed a federation of churches at first calling themselves the Wesleyan Methodist Connection, a name chosen to emphasize the primacy of the local church, and the intended nature of the denomination as a connection of churches. Other leaders at the organizing conference were LaRoy Sunderland, who had been tried and defrocked for his antislavery writings, Lucious C. Matlack, and Luther Lee, a minister who later operated an Underground Railroad station in Syracuse, New York.The denomination sponsored traveling preachers on the frontier and into Canada, where they appealed to workingmen and farmers. Typical was Rev. James Caughey, an American sent to Ontario by the Wesleyan Methodist Church from the 1840s through 1864. He brought in the converts by the score, most notably in the revivals in Canada West 1851–53. His technique combined restrained emotionalism with a clear call for personal commitment, coupled with follow-up action to organize support from converts. It was a time when the Holiness Movement caught fire, with the revitalized interest of men and women in Christian perfection. Caughey successfully bridged the gap between the style of earlier camp meetings and the needs of more sophisticated Methodist congregations in the emerging cities.
In addition to advocating for abolitionism, the early Wesleyan Methodists championed the rights of women. In 1848, the Wesleyan Chapel in Seneca Falls, New York, hosted the Seneca Falls Convention, the first women's rights convention. It is commemorated by the Women's Rights National Historical Park in the village today. Luther Lee, General President in 1856, preached at the ordination service of Antoinette Brown, the very first woman ordained to the Christian ministry in the United States. The Alliance of Reformed Baptists of Canada ordained the very first woman to the ministry in Canada in the late 1800s. At General Conference in 1867, a resolution was adopted favoring the right of women to vote. This was 44 years before the US constitution was amended to ensure women voting privileges.
In 1966 the Wesleyan Methodist Church merged with the Alliance of Reformed Baptists of Canada and in 1968 with the Pilgrim Holiness Church. It spread through revivals emphasizing a deepening experience with God called holiness or sanctification. Heart purity was a central theme. During this period of time, many small churches developed through revivals and the emphasis of entire sanctification. As many as 25 or 30 small denominations were formed and eventually merged with other groups to enlarge the church. The church was strong in missionary and revival emphasis. The merger took place in 1968 at Anderson University, Anderson, Indiana. Some conferences and local churches of the Wesleyan Methodist Church objected to the merger, thus resulting in a schism of the Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection with the Wesleyan Church, as well as the creation of the Bible Methodist Connection of Churches and Bible Methodist Connection of Tennessee around 1968. The Pilgrim Holiness Church of New York and Pligrim Holiness Church of the Midwest were also established around this time, with the former in response to the tendency of centralization of the larger Pilgrim Holiness Church and the latter in response to the merger.
Beliefs
The Wesleyan Church has the following core values:- Biblical authority
- Christlikeness
- Disciple-making
- Local church-centered
- Servant leadership
- Unity in diversity
- Faith in the Holy Trinity
- The Father
- The Son of God
The Holy Spirit administers grace to all and is the agent in conviction for sin, in regeneration, in sanctification, and in glorification.
- The sufficiency and full authority of the Holy Scriptures for salvation
- God's Purpose for Humanity
People are made in the image of God. Marriage is designed by God as a metaphor for His relationship with His covenant people. Therefore, human sexuality ought to only be expressed in heterosexual monogamy. Marriage has the highest priority among social organizations, and was divinely designed for reproduction. Extramarital and same-sex relationships are immoral and sinful.
- Personal Choice
- Sin: Original, Willful, and Involuntary
- The Atonement
- Repentance and Faith
- * Affirms that salvation is by grace alone but must be accepted by the believer. Denies the Reformed view of unconditional election.
- * Affirms that repentance precedes saving faith
- * Affirms that faith is the only condition for salvation. Directly negates any need for good works to attain salvation. Does not negate good works as evidence of salvation.
- * Affirms that saving faith publicly acknowledges Christ as Lord
- * Affirms that the saved will identify with the church
- Justification, Regeneration, and Adoption
- *Asserts that when one repents and has saving faith in Christ, in that same moment that person is:
- **Justified- Granted full pardon for all sin, guilt, and penalty of sins.
- **Regenerated- Reborn spiritual life in Christ with a distinct capacity for love and obedience to God.
- **Adopted- Given full rights, privileges, and responsibilities of a child of God.
- Good Works
- * Reaffirms that salvation is by faith alone
- * Affirms that good works are evidence of salvation
- Sin after Regeneration
- * Affirms it is possible for a believer to sin after regeneration in salvation.
- * Affirms there is grace and forgiveness for repentant believers.
- Sanctification
- * Initial- The work of the Holy Spirit in the moment of conversion in a new believer to be separated from sin to God.
- * Progressive- The continual work of the Holy Spirit to grow the believer in love and more perfect obedience.
- * Entire- The perfecting of the believer in love and empowerment for service. It follows in lifelong growth in grace and knowledge.
- The Gifts of the Spirit
- *Asserts that the Holy Spirit gives gifts to people, for the benefit of the Church, but that the Holy Spirit himself is the most desirable gift.
- The Church
- *The Christian Church is the entire body of believers. Jesus Christ is the founder and only head of the Church. The Church is called to preach the Word of God, administer the sacraments, and live in obedience to Christ. A local church is a body of believers formally organized for the purposes of evangelism, discipleship, and worship. The Wesleyan Church is a denomination within the greater Church.
- The Sacraments
- *Baptism
- ** Baptism is a sacrament commanded by our Lord and administered to believers. It works as a symbol and as part of the new covenant of grace.
- *The Lord's Supper
- ** the Lord's Supper is a sacrament of our redemption by Christ's death, our hope in his return, and a sign of Christian love for one another.
- The Second Coming of Christ
- * Asserts that Christ will return, fulfilling numerous biblical prophecies
- * Asserts that this certain event should inspire proper living and evangelization
- The Resurrection of the Dead
- * Asserts that all will be raised from the dead at Christ's return
- * Asserts damnation for the lost and life for the saved
- * Asserts that the resurrection body will be a spiritual body, but still personally recognizable
- The judgment of All Persons
- * Asserts a final judgment for all humans before God, regardless of the individual's beliefs
- * Asserts God's omniscience and eternal justice
- Destiny
- * Asserts that Scripture teaches there is life after death, and the fate of each person is determined by God's grace and their individual response, evidenced through moral character rather than arbitrary decree of God. Heaven and Christ's presence is the place for those who choose God's salvation given through Christ, but hell and separation from Christ is the resulting place for those who neglect the great salvation.
Organizations and relations
Currently, general conferences exist in the Philippines, the Caribbean, and North America, though The Wesleyan Church has recently begun a process of "internationalization" in which areas and regions of the world have the opportunity to form their own general conferences. Though it is too early to predict which general conferences will be formed in the coming years, the eventual shift is inevitable. The overarching goal of the internationalization process is to create a global network of partnership and not a "top-down" leadership structure within the worldwide church.
Official names by region
According to the 2012 Wesleyan Church Discipline, the official name of the denomination is The Wesleyan Church. However, different names may be used by different units of the church for practicality and localization. The following are the official names of the denomination, for the various organizational units:- Australia: The Wesleyan Methodist Church of Australia
- Bougainville: The Wesleyan Methodist Church of Bougainville
- Brazil: Igreja Evangélica Wesleyana
- British Isles: The Wesleyan Holiness Church
- Cambodia: 'The Wesleyan Church of Cambodia'
- Canada: The Wesleyan Church
- Caribbean: The Wesleyan Holiness Church of the Caribbean
- Chile: Ministerio Evangelistico y Misionero “Cristo es la Unica Respuesta”
- Colombia: La Iglesia Wesleyana de Colombia
- Costa Rica: Iglesia Wesleyana Internacional de Costa Rica
- Egypt: The Standard Wesleyan Church
- Ghana: The Standard Wesleyan Church
- Guyana: The Wesleyan Church
- Haiti: L’Eglise Wesleyenne d’Haiti
- Honduras: Mision Methodista Sión
- India, Central: The Wesleyan Methodist Church of Central India
- India, East: The Wesleyan Methodist Church of East India
- India, Western: The Wesleyan Methodist Church of Western India
- Indonesia: Gereja Wesleyan Indonesia
- Lahore: "The Wesleyan Methodist Church in Pakistan"
- Liberia: The Wesleyan Church of Liberia
- Mexico: Iglesia Evangelica Los Peregrinos
- Mozambique: Igreja Emmanuel Evangelica Wesleyana
- Myanmar: The Wesleyan Methodist Church
- New Zealand: Wesleyan Methodist Church of New Zealand
- Nicaragua: Asociación Mundial de Iglesias Wesleyanas de Nicaragua
- Pakistan: The Wesleyan Church in Pakistan
- Panamá: Iglesia Cristiana Wesleyana de Panamá
- Peru: Iglesia Wesleyana Peregrina
- Philippines: The Wesleyan Church of the Philippines
- Poland: Ewangeliczny Kościół Metodystyczny w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
- Puerto Rico: Iglesia Evangélica Wesleyana
- Sierra Leone: The Wesleyan Church of Sierra Leone
- South Korea: Jesus Korea Wesleyan Church
- South Africa: The Wesleyan Church of Southern Africa
- Suriname: De Wesleyaanse Gemeente
- Tonga: Free Wesleyan Church
- United States: The Wesleyan Church
- Venezuela: Iglesia Evangélica Wesleyana
- Zambia: Pilgrim Wesleyan Church of Zambia
- Zimbabwe: The Wesleyan Church
Sister denominations and fraternal relations
The Wesleyan Church is a member of the following organizations:
- Christian Holiness Partnership
- National Association of Evangelicals
- World Methodist Council
Theological seminaries
- Wesley Seminary at Indiana Wesleyan University
Universities, colleges, and schools in the U.S. and Canada
- Kingswood University
- Houghton College
- Indiana Wesleyan University
- Oklahoma Wesleyan University
- Southern Wesleyan University
- Wesley Seminary
- Wesleyan Christian Academy
Wesleyan Publishing House
Districts within the United States and Canada
The Wesleyan Church in North America is organized in the following 26 districts:- Atlantic
- Central Canada
- Central New York
- Chesapeake
- Crossroads
- Florida
- Great Lakes
- Greater Ohio
- Indiana South
- Iowa-Minnesota
- Kansas
- Kentucky-Tennessee
- Mountain Plains
- North Carolina East
- North Carolina West
- Northeast
- Northwest
- Pacific Southwest and Distrito Hispano Suroeste de La Iglesia Wesleyana
- Shenandoah
- South Carolina
- South Coastal
- Tri-State
- Western New York
- Western Pennsylvania
Wesleyan Church of Sierra Leone
Notable people
Academics
- Keith Drury - prolific writer and Professor of Religion at Indiana Wesleyan University
- Donald W. Dayton - theologian and historian of American Evangelicalism, particularly holiness, Pentecostal, and Methodist groups.
- Joseph R. Dongell - Professor of Biblical Studies at Asbury Theological Seminary, and author or co-author of books such as John: A Bible Commentary in the Wesleyan Tradition and Why I Am not a Calvinist.
- Ronald Enroth - Christian author and professor of Sociology at Westmont College, and graduate of Houghton College
- Ken Schenck - New Testament scholar, currently serving as dean of Wesley Seminary
- Everett Piper - Former President, Oklahoma Wesleyan University
- Richard Eckley - Professor of Theology at Houghton College
Athletes
- Erik Lefebvre - goalkeeper for the Charlotte Eagles soccer team, formerly played for Houghton College
- Brandon Beachy - pitcher for the Atlanta Braves, Major League Baseball team, formerly played for Indiana Wesleyan University
Authors
- Todd Burpo, pastor and author of Heaven Is for Real
- Mary Ann Lyth, English missionary, teacher, Bible translator into Fijian
- Kevin Myers, pastor and author of Home Run
Clergy
- Rev. Adam Crooks - early Wesleyan Methodist minister, responsible for a number of early church plants in the denomination.
- Jo Anne Lyon - Pastor, Author, International Leader, Founder of World Hope International, Global Advocate, General Superintendent Emeritus.
- John C. Maxwell - prolific writer and former senior pastor at Skyline Church.
- Rev. Orange Scott - president of the convention that formed the Wesleyan Methodist Connexion, which eventually became the Wesleyan Church.
- Dan Seaborn - founder of the What Would Jesus Do movement, and frequent speaker at Promise Keepers rallies.
- Jim Garlow - Former Pastor of Skyline Wesleyan Church, Author, Speaker, Political Activist - “pulpit freedom,” Founded “Well Versed” with the mission statement, “Bringing biblical principles of governance to Government Leaders, Young Adults & You! Prosperity and blessing will be restored when our governmental leaders and citizens become Well Versed.“ Dr. Garlow also founded dozens of Christian communities around the world, most recent being in the United Nations with Former Congresswoman Michele Bachmann as Executive Director.
Politicians
- Neil MacBride - United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia, and magna cum laude graduate of Houghton College
- Kurt Bahr - State Representative, Missouri District 102, and magna cum laude graduate of Oklahoma Wesleyan University.
- Ken Buck - US House of Representatives, Colorado District 4.
Scientists and inventors
- Ira Sprague Bowen - United States astronomer, and alumnus of Houghton College; discovered the true nature of nebulium
- Douglas Comer - writer and professor and graduate of Houghton College involved in early development of the internet
- Thomas Bramwell Welch - developed a pasteurization process to prevent grapes from fermenting, thus creating grape juice instead of wine
- John Augustus Abayomi-Cole, doctor and herbalist
Singers and musicians
- Doug Allen - Longtime national anthem singer for the Buffalo Sabres
- Wilfred Conwell Bain - University level music school administrator and opera theater director, former head of music departments at both Southern Wesleyan University and Houghton College
- Dr. Eric Nelson - American music clinician, conductor, and composer, and graduate of Houghton College
- David Ott - American composer and former faculty member of Houghton College
- George Beverly Shea - acclaimed singer and hymn composer who often performed with the Billy Graham crusades
- Collingsworth Family -