Ehm's father was a carpenter who served as an armorer and a bugler in the Austro-Hungarian Navy during World War I. Ehm was born during his father's military service at Pula, a major Austro-Hungarian Navy port on the Adriatic near Trieste. He had a brother Hermann, born in 1913 and a younger sister Maria, born in 1921. After the war ended in 1918, his family went back to Komotau, the hometown of his father in Bohemia, which is now part of the Czech Republic. There his father served as a municipal employee. After the death of his mother in 1931, his father remarried a woman with a daughter and son. After eight years of elementary school, Ehm apprenticed as an electrician from 1932 to 1938. Later he worked as an electromagnetic radio mechanic. During this period he became a member of the Socialist Workers' Youth and the International Metalworkers' Federation.
Army service
After the occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1939, Ehm was drafted into the German army and remained a soldier until 1945. He served as a non-commissioned master radioman in the campaigns in France and Russia, although his assignments being primarily in the rear areas, he did not see actual combat. He married Melitta Capek in September 1942 in his hometown of Komotau.
Soviet captivity
When the German 16th Army capitulated in the Courland Pocket, he was held by the Soviets as a prisoner of war from June 1945 to December 1947. He was held at Prisoner of War Camp #7212 in Karelia. In the camp, he demonstrated his skills as a leader as well as an electrician, quickly becoming a foreman of his work brigade. Ehm worked actively to support the camp's Antifascist committee. His ability to manage people and his desire to cooperate with his Soviet superiors led to a rapid rise in the prisonerleadership. In the spring of 1947 he received his first postcard from his wife, Melitte, who was living on the island of Rügen, bringing him the first news of his son's existence. After his release in December 1947, he worked as a casual laborer to support his family. He was a skilled craftsman, but he was unsuccessful in finding work as an electrician at the Buna works Berlin or at the post office, because he didn't have a bicycle.
Ehm joined the Socialist Unity Party of Germany in 1948. He worked for the district leadership in Rügen and later attended the district party school. During this early party work he met Waldemar Verner who was the first district Secretary of the SED in Stralsund who was also later Ehm's predecessor as Chief of the People's Navy.
People's Navy career
Between 1950 and 1958, this former army NCO ascended quickly in the naval forces of the German Democratic Republic. Ehm was different from other early East German military leaders, in that he lacked their long history as communists or socialists since the Weimar Republic. However he possessed a rare and important combination of military professionalism, innate leadership and political. From 1950 to 1951, Ehm served as the communications officer for the headquarters of the Sea Police. From 1954 to 1957, he was Deputy Chief of Staff and Head of Organizational Administration for the People's Police Sea and the Naval Forces. He served as the Deputy Chief of Navy and from 1958 to 1959, as the head of the Rear Services. With his appointment as Konteradmiral on August 1, 1959, he took command of the People's Navy. Ehm was promoted to Vizeadmiral in March 1964, and commanded the People's Navy until his retirement on November 30, 1987, with the exception of August 1961 to February 1963, when he attended the Soviet Naval Academy, graduating with distinction. In 1972 he also became the Deputy Minister of National Defense. Ehm was promoted to admiral on the 28th anniversary of the founding of the German Democratic Republic in 1977. From 1981 to 1989, Ehm served as a member of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party. His many decorations and awards include the Karl Marx Order, Honor Clasp to the Order of Merit for the Fatherland and the Scharnhorst Order.
