Provine's Ph.D. thesis, later published as a book, documented the early origins of theoretical population genetics in the conflicts between the biostatistics and Mendelianschools of thought. He documented later developments in theoretical population genetics in his biography of Sewall Wright, who was still alive and available for interviews. In this book, Provine criticizes Wright for confounding three different concepts of adaptive landscape: genotype to fitness landscapes, allele frequency to fitness landscapes, and phenotype to fitness landscapes. Provine later grew critical of Wright's views on genetic drift, instead attributing observed effects to the consequences of inbreeding and consequent selection at linked sites. John H. Gillespie credits Provine with stimulating his interest in the topic of hitchhiking or "genetic draft" as an alternative to genetic drift. Provine later published his critique of genetic drift in a book. Provine defended the importance of mathematics' contribution to the modern evolutionary synthesis.
Education reform
In 1970, Provine was instrumental in the founding of Cornell's Risley Residential College. He was the first faculty member in residence.
Philosophy
Provine was a philosopher, atheist, and critic of intelligent design. He engaged in prominent debates with theist philosophers and scientists about the existence of God and the viability of intelligent design. He debated the founder of the intelligent design movement, Phillip E. Johnson, and the two had a friendly relationship. Provine said that his course on evolutionary biology began by having his students read Johnson's book, Darwin on Trial. Provine was a determinist, as he rejected the idea that humans exercise free will. Provine believed that there is no evidence for the existence of God, no life after death, no absolute foundation for moral right and wrong, and no ultimate meaning or purpose for life.
Professor Provine appeared in Ben Stein's movie . Provine supervised the thesis written by Bad Religion member Greg Graffin. Graffin was a student of history of science at Cornell. Provine also supervised the sociology thesis of Steve Leveen in 1982.
Selected bibliography
, 1971,
Mayr, E., and W. B. Provine, eds., The Evolutionary Synthesis: Perspectives on the Unification of Biology, 1980,
Provine, W. B., ed., Evolution: Selected Papers by Sewall Wright, 1986,
"Geneticists and Race", American Zoologist, 1986, 26:857–87.
"Progress in Evolution and Meaning in Life", in M. Nitecki, ed., Evolutionary Progress, 1989,
Cain, A. J., and W. B. Provine, "Genes and Ecology in History", in Berry, R. J., et al., eds., Genes in Ecology: 33rd Symposium of the British Ecological Society, 1992,
