Watkins married Henrietta Russell in the mid-1820s. Following the death of her family, Watkins and Russell raised his niece, Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, exposing her to ideas of abolition, and also teaching her in his school until the age of 13. Watkins and Russell had eight children, including William J., Richard R., George T., John L., Henry G., Henrietta, Robert P., and Lloyd N.. William J., like his father, became a prominent abolitionist, at one time writing for Frederick Douglass'sThe North Star. In 1852, Watkins moved to Toronto, Canada, followed by his son William J.. He died in Canada in 1858.
Career
Watkins is noted as having had a variety of positions, including teacher, newspaper correspondent, minister for the Sharp Street A.M.E. Church, founder of a Black Literary Society, and a "self-taught practitioner of medicine." As a teacher, Watkins merged the Bethel Charity and Sharp Street schools, creating Watkins' Academy for Negro Youth, between 1820 and 1828. It ran for over twenty years, providing free education for Black children, teaching between 50 and 70 students per year. Watkins' work as a teacher and abolitionist were tied together, holding the conviction that education was essential in the freedom of African Americans.
Abolition work
Watkins was a staunch slavery abolitionist, as well as an opponent to the colonization movement, also known as the "Back-to-Africa" movement, whose proposed solution to slavery was to send Black people back to Africa in order to Christianize Africa. He wrote antislavery and anti-colonization pieces, presented in writing and as speeches, making points that the colonization movement was more to serve white people than it was to free Black people. With his work beginning in the 1820s and continuing until the end of his life, his writings appeared in Freedom's Journal,William Lloyd Garrison's The Liberator, Benjamin Lundy'sGenius of Universal Emancipation, and, later in life, Frederick Douglass's The North Star. Watkins met Garrison shortly before he began The Liberator, shaping Garrison's views on colonization. Watkins would later become a subscription agent for The Liberator, which helped spread abolitionist ideas within Baltimore.
Legacy
Watkins is the namesake of The William J. Watkins, Sr. Educational Institute, whose stated mission is to "ensure that ALL children, especially those in under-served and under-resourced communities, receive the BEST education possible."
