Following an outstanding high school football career at Raleigh's William G. Enloe High School, Burden and Charley Young became the first African-Americans recruited to the North Carolina State Universityfootball team in 1970. As sophomore in 1971, he led the team with 227 carries for 910 yards and 8 rushing touchdowns. He set the school's single-game record with 198 rushing yards against Kent State University. In 1972, when Lou Holtz arrived as the new head coach at North Carolina State University, he implemented split-back veer offense to take advantage of the talent at running back, that included Burden, Young, Stan Fritts and Roland Hooks. At the time, this was arguably the best group of running backs in the nation, they were known as "The Four Stallions" and everyone of them went on to play in a professional football league. He was third on the team behind Fritts and Young with 114 carries for 605 yards and 6 rushing touchdowns. In 1973, he was part of the Atlantic Coast Conference championship team as the starting halfback. He led the team with 150 carries for 1,014 yards and 8 rushing touchdowns. He became the first player in school history to break the 1,000 yard rushing mark in a single-season. He also received All-ACC and Atlantic Coast Conference Football Player of the Year honors. He rushed for 2,529 yards, 7th best in Wolfpack history. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in Economics. In 2009, he was inducted into the North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame.
Professional career
Burden was selected by the Detroit Lions in the 6th round of the 1974 NFL season. He was also selected by the Portland Storm in the 17th round of the 1974 WFL Draft. He was waived by the Lions on September 11. On September 17, 1974, he signed as a free agent with the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League. The Stampeders would be Burden's home for eight seasons, between 1974 and 1981. He thrilled fans in his first season, rushing for 541 yards on 94 carries, but it was in his second season that he broke team and league records. He set a new CFL single-season rushing record, running 332 times for 1,896 yards. He also set a CFL record with 2,127 yards from scrimmage and led the league with 2,387 all-purpose yards and 15 total touchdowns. His best day was November 2 against the Winnipeg Blue Bombers, when he tied Lovell Coleman's league record of 238 yards in a game. Burden was rewarded with the CFL's Most Outstanding Player Award and All Canadian All Star honours in 1975. His 1975 record of 'most rushing yards in the first 5 games of a season' was beaten by Kory Sheets in 2013. Burden was also named an All West All Star in 1977. In 1978, James Sykes was named the starter at running back for the Stampeders, while Burden was used more as a blocking fullback and as a receiver out of the backfield. His statistics began to decline after that season. In 1981, injuries limited him to play in only 8 games, registering 23 carries for 95 yards, 22 receptions for 183 yards and 4 touchdowns. He announced his retirement in June 1982. Upon his retirement, Burden finished with 6,234 rushing yards, fifth best in Stampeders history after Kelvin Anderson, Earl Lunsford, Lovell Coleman and Joffrey Reynolds. He also recorded 1,242 carries, a 5.0 rushing average, 32 rushing touchdowns, 299 receptions for 2,669 yards and 16 receiving touchdowns. His jersey number #10 was retired by the Stamps in 1982. He was added to their Wall of Fame in 1992, was inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame in 2001 and was chosen as one of the league's 50 greatest stars. He played at 5 foot 10 inches and a bruising 218 pounds and is remembered fondly in Canada.