Zhu Shaowen


Zhu Shaowen, better known by his stage name Fear No Poverty, was a Chinese storyteller and xiangsheng performer, widely regarded as one of the earliest performers of the art. Born in Beijing, China, Zhu was the protégé of late Qing dynasty entertainer Zhang Sanlu, and specialised in puns. Zhu was amongst the "Eight Oddities of Tianqiao" and mentored later xiangsheng artistes. He died in 1903, and to this day, many of his works are still performed.

Early life and career

Zhu was born in Beijing, China, in 1829. At a tender age he was enrolled in an opera school. Later in his life he turned to street performing, and studied under Zhang Sanlu, together with Shen Chunhe and A Yantao. His immediate juniors were Xu Zhangfu, Feng Kunzhi, Fan Zhangli, Gui Zhen, Chen Zhushan, and Chun Zhanlong. Prior to performing xiangsheng, Zhu dabbled in storytelling and singing. Under the stage name of Fear No Poverty, he often performed at Tianqiao, where he would entertain the masses with his solo monologues that were full of puns. His word plays were well received and his fame gradually grew. Before performing, Zhu was known for practising Chinese calligraphy; he would write two separate words on large pieces of paper and display them in public afterwards.
Zhu became part of the original "Eight Oddities of Tianqiao", alongside three other xiangsheng artistes, three martial arts practitioners, and a man who could produce melodies with his nose. Zhu popularised xiangsheng involving two people or more, as opposed to a one-man performance which was the norm then. He wrote many original scripts and those that have survived are still performed to this day. Zhu also used xiangsheng as a vehicle for criticising the corrupt ruling government, as seen in several works of his, including "Picture of Attaining Victory" and "Words".

Later years and death

Zhu Shaowen's disciples included Pin Youben, Fu Guizhen, Xu Changfu, and Fan Changli. He assigned all of the first and second groups of his students stage names starting with you and de respectively. Zhu died in his hometown in 1903.

Legacy

Historically speaking, Zhu Shaowen's teacher Zhang Sanlu was the "absolute originator" of xiangsheng, whereas Zhu and his peers were considered second-generation performers. However, many credit him with redefining xiangsheng; accordingly, he has been dubbed various titles including "father of xiangsheng" and " original xiangsheng artiste". As the Journal of Tsinghua University writes, "Never mind how many xiangsheng artistes preceded Zhu Shaowen, for he shall be considered the Father of Xiangsheng. Some of those before him may have been more talented, but they did not provide anything for posterity, nor did they have successors. Nobody before him left behind that great a legacy of eternal wisdom and inspiration."

Notable works