ÖBB
The Austrian Federal Railways, now commonly known as ÖBB, is the national railway system of Austria, and the administrator of Liechtenstein's railways. The ÖBB group is owned entirely by the Republic of Austria and is divided into several separate businesses that manage the infrastructure and operate passenger and freight services.
The Austrian Federal Railways has had two discrete periods of existence. It was first formed in 1923, using the Bundesbahn Österreich name, as a successor to the Imperial Royal Austrian State Railways, but was incorporated into the Deutsche Reichsbahn during the 1938-1945 Anschluss. It was reformed in 1947, under the slightly different name Österreichische Bundesbahnen, and remains in existence in this form.
Major changes currently being made to the Austrian railway network are the construction of the Koralm Railway, the Semmering Base Tunnel and the Brenner Base Tunnel connection with Italy.
Eurobarometer survey conducted in 2018 showed that satisfaction levels of Austrian rail passengers are among the highest in the European Union when it comes to punctuality, reliability and frequency of trains.
Unlike other major railway companies in Europe that offer more flexible cancellation policies, ÖBB only offers two types of tickets: non-exchangeable/non-refundable tickets versus full price tickets.
History
- 1882 – Gradual nationalisation of the railway network of the Austro-Hungarian Empire into the Imperial Royal Austrian State Railways. By the outbreak of the World War I, the only major railway in Austria to remain in private hands was the Austrian Southern Railway.
- 1918 – After the break-up of the Austro-Hungarian Empire following the World War I, the Austrian rump of kkStB remained in state control under the name Deutschösterreichische Staatsbahnen, which was renamed the Österreichische Staatsbahnen in 1919.
- 1923 – Foundation of the independent, commercial enterprise, the Bundesbahn Österreich. This company took over the assets of the ÖStB and the Südbahn, together with other minor railways.
- 1938 – The Anschluss of Austria into the German Empire. The BBÖ was taken over by the Deutsche Reichsbahn. During World War II about 41% of the Austrian railway network was destroyed.
- 1947 – The company was reformed using the slightly different name of Österreichische Bundesbahnen and the abbreviation ÖBB as a state-owned company. Their infrastructure was rebuilt and electrification was accelerated.
- 1969 – A new federal railway law was enacted. The ÖBB became a non-independent, economic entity, that was run as a branch of the government's industrial programme and remained entirely within the Federal budget.
- 1992 – The ÖBB were broken out of the federal budget and turned into company with its own legal status. The company is 100% owned by the Republic of Austria. This change had two primary aims: 1. It had to conform to EU rules on the admission of Austria into the European Union. 2. The financial demand on the public purse was to be reduced as a result of improvements in efficiency and the pressure of competition.
- 2004 – The ÖBB were reorganised into ÖBB Holding AG and a number of operating subsidiaries. The holding company was to oversee the operations of the companies assigned to it, coordinate a coherent strategic approach and allocate tasks for the whole enterprise.
- 1 January 2005 – The subsidiaries of ÖBB-Holding AG became autonomous and independent operationally.
- In 2012, ÖBB celebrated the 175th anniversary of the Nordbahn, the earliest predecessor company marking the start of rail transport in Austria. ÖBB CEO Christian Kern inaugurated an exhibition on the company's collaboration with the Third Reich, named "The Suppressed Years – Railway and National Socialism in Austria 1938–1945". He referred to that period as "the darkest chapter of our company history," adding that the company must accept this period as part of its legacy. The exhibition later went on tour and was presented at the European Parliament's parliamentary building in Brussels.
The post-war laws related to the Austrian railways were the:
- Eisenbahngesetz,
- Schieneninfrastrukturfinanzierungsgesetz,
- Eisenbahnhochleistungsstreckengesetz and
- Bundesbahngesetz.
Logo history
Current structure
By a law of August 2009, the organisational structure dating from 2005 was further modified; the railways are under the control of ÖBB-Holding AG, a holding company wholly owned by the Austrian state, under the Ministry of Transport.The holding company has a number of subsidiaries
- ÖBB-Personenverkehr AG
- * ÖBB-Postbus GmbH
- * ÖBB-Produktion GmbH
- * ÖBB-Technische Services GmbH
- * Rail Tours Touristik GmbH
- Rail Cargo Austria AG
- * Rail Cargo Hungaria Zrt.
- * ÖBB-Produktion GmbH
- * ÖBB-Technische Services GmbH
- * Rail Cargo Logistics - Austria GmbH
- ÖBB-Infrastruktur AG
- * ÖBB-Immobilienmanagement GmbH
- * Mungos Sicher & Sauber GmbH
- * Rail Equipment GmbH
- ÖBB-Business Competence Center GmbH
- ÖBB-Werbung GmbH
- Q Logistics GmbH
- ÖBB-Finanzierungsservice GmbH
- iMobility GmbH
Infrastructure
At the end of 2009 it employed 17,612 staff.
Statistics
According to the Annual Report 2013, the company employs 39,513, there of 13,599 employees, 24,251 tenured employees and 1,663 apprentices. In 2013, ÖBB-Personenverkehr AG carried 469 million passengers of which 235 million were bus passengers.The ÖBB has
- 4,859 km ; 72% electrified
- 1,128 train stations
- 1,093 locomotives.
- 2,799 passenger vehicles
- 26,518 freight wagons
- 2,200 busses
- ÖBB's bus services travel per year.
Principal Lines
- Western Railway from Wien Westbahnhof via St. Pölten Hauptbahnhof and Linz Hauptbahnhof to Salzburg Hauptbahnhof, including a parallel high-speed rail section from Wien Meidling railway station to Linz
- Southern Railway from Wien Hauptbahnhof/Wien Meidling to Graz Hauptbahnhof, including the Semmering railway section - a UNESCO World Heritage Site
- * continuation to Klagenfurt by the Koralm Railway
- Northern Railway from Wien Praterstern railway station to Břeclav, Czech Republic
- Eastern Railway from Vienna Hauptbahnhof to Hegyeshalom, Hungary and Budapest Keleti railway station
- Emperor Franz Joseph Railway from Wien Franz-Josefs-Bahnhof to Gmünd, Lower Austria and České Velenice, Czech Republic
- Salzburg-Tyrol Railway from Salzburg Hauptbahnhof to Wörgl Hauptbahnhof
- Enns Valley Railway from the Salzburg-Tyrol Railway at Bischofshofen to Selzthal
- Tauern Railway from the Salzburg-Tyrol Railway at Schwarzach/Sankt Veit to Spittal an der Drau via the Tauern Railway Tunnel
- Lower Inn Valley Railway from the German border near Kufstein railway station via Wörgl Hauptbahnhof to Innsbruck Hauptbahnhof; to be relieved by the New Lower Inn Valley railway line, part of the Trans-European Berlin–Palermo railway axis
- * western continuation by the Arlberg Railway to Bludenz railway station via the Arlberg Railway Tunnel
- * northwestern continuation by the Mittenwald Railway to Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany and the Ausserfern Railway to Kempten Hauptbahnhof
- * southern continuation by the Brenner Railway to Bolzano, Italy and Verona via the Innsbruck bypass and the Brenner Pass, to be replaced by the Brenner Base Tunnel
Rail links to adjacent countries
- Czech Republic — voltage and frequency change to 25 kV 50 Hz AC
- Germany — same voltage and frequency 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC
- Hungary — voltage and frequency change to 25 kV 50 Hz AC
- Italy — voltage and frequency change to 3 kV DC
- Liechtenstein — same voltage and frequency 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC
- Slovakia — voltage and frequency change to 25 kV 50 Hz AC
- Slovenia — voltage and frequency change to 3 kV DC
- Switzerland — same voltage and frequency 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC
Active Rolling Stock