1337

January–December

• March 16 - Edward, the Black Prince established the Duchy of Cornwall, becoming the first English Duke.
• May 24 - Philip VI of France confiscates Gascony from English control.
• August - English forces relieve Stirling Castle, ending Edward III of England's last campaign in Scotland.
• October - Edward III of England formally rejects Philip VI's claim to the French throne, initiating the first hostilities of what will become the Hundred Years' War between France and England.
• November - Battle of Cadzand: English troops raid the Flemish island of Cadzand.

  Date unknown

• Bisham Priory is founded in England.
• The Scaligeri Family loses control of Padua; Alberto della Scala, patron of the music of the Trecento, moves to Verona.
• Petrarch, "father" of Renaissance humanism, first visits Rome to wander its mysterious ruins, with an eye for aesthetics as well as for history, exciting a renewed interest in Classical civilisation.
• The Sofia Psalter is produced in Bulgaria.
• The famine in China, which has lasted since 1333 and killed 6,000,000 comes to an end.