1733

January–June

• February 12 - British colonist James Oglethorpe founds Savannah, Georgia.
• March - The Molasses Act is passed by the Parliament of Great Britain, which reinforces the negative opinions of the British by American colonists.
• March 25 - English replaces Latin and Law French as the official language of English and Scottish courts following the enforcement of the Proceedings in Courts of Justice Act 1730.
• April - Royal Colony of North Carolina Commissioners John Watson, Joshua Grainger, Michael Higgins and James Wimble plan the town of New Carthage.
• May 1 - The canton system is first introduced in Prussia.
• May 29 - The right of Canadians to keep Indian slaves is upheld at Quebec.

  July–December

• July 30 - The first Freemasons lodge opens in what will become the United States of America.
• October 5 - The election of Augustus III, to succeed his father as King of Poland, sparks the War of the Polish Succession.
• October 24 - The Battle of Kirkuk starts which will lead to the defeat of the Ottoman army under general Topal Osman Pasha.
• November 23 - The 1733 slave insurrection on St. John begins: Slaves from Akwamu rebel against their owners in the Danish West Indies.

  Births

• January 22 - Philip Carteret, British Naval Officer
• January 24 - Benjamin Lincoln, major general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and politician
• March 13 - Joseph Priestley, English scientist and minister
• May 4 - Jean-Charles de Borda, French mathematician, physicist, political scientist, and sailor
• July 27 - Jeremiah Dixon, English surveyor and astronomer
• September 5 - Christoph Martin Wieland, German poet and writer
• September 18 - George Read, American lawyer and signer of the Declaration of Independence
• October 14 - François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt, Austrian field marshal
• October 15 - Lisa Eriksdotter, Finnish visionary
• November 16 - Siraj ud-Daulah, the last independent ruler of Bengal of undivided India
• November 20 - Philip Schuyler, general in the American Revolution, United States Senator from New York, father of Angelica Schuyler Church and Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton
• undated - Johanna Löfblad, Swedish actor and singer

  Deaths

• January 17 - George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington, English Royal Navy admiral
• January 21 - Bernard Mandeville, Dutch-born English economic philosopher
• January 22 - Lovisa von Burghausen, Swedish memoirist
• January 25 - Gilbert Heathcote, Mayor of London
• January 27 - Thomas Woolston, English theologian
• February 1 - King Augustus II the Strong of Poland
• February 2 - Robert Price, British judge and politician
• February 16 - Ulrika Eleonora Stålhammar, Swedish officer
• March 4 - Claude de Forbin, French naval commander
• April 14 - Ippolito Desideri, Italian tibetologist
• April 19 - Elizabeth Hamilton, Countess of Orkney, mistress of William III of England
• May 1 - Nicolas Coustou, French artist
• May 3 - Sir Richard Cox, 1st Baronet, England
• May 10 - Barton Booth, English actor
• May 18 - Georg Böhm, German organist
• June 23 - Johann Jakob Scheuchzer, Swiss scholar
• July 12 - Anne-Thérèse de Marguenat de Courcelles, French salon holder
• August 16 - Matthew Tindal, English deist
• August 24 - Pierre-Étienne Monnot, French artist
• September 12 - François Couperin, French composer
• October 19 - Sir Thomas Molyneux, 1st Baronet, Irish politician
• October 25 - Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri, Italian mathematician
• October 31 - Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg,
• November 11 - Willem Adriaan van der Stel, Dutch colonial administrator
• December 2 - Gerard Hoet, Dutch painter