April 19 Events AD 65 - The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested. 531 - Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persians at Raqqa . 797 - Empress Irene organizes a conspiracy against her son, the Byzantine emperor Constantine VI . He is deposed and blinded . Shortly after, Constantine dies of his wounds; Irene proclaims herself basileus . 1506 - The Lisbon Massacre begins, in which accused Jews are being slaughtered by Portuguese Catholics. 1529 - Beginning of the Protestant Reformation: After the Second Diet of Speyer bans Lutheranism, a group of rulers and independent cities protests the reinstatement of the Edict of Worms . 1539 - The Treaty of Frankfurt between Protestants and the Holy Roman Emperor is signed. 1608 - In Ireland: O'Doherty's Rebellion is launched by the Burning of Derry . 1677 - The French army captures the town of Cambrai held by Spanish troops. 1713 - With no living male heirs, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor , issues the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 to ensure that Habsburg lands and the Austrian throne would be inheritable by a female; his daughter and successor, Maria Theresa was not born until 1717. 1770 - Captain James Cook , still holding the rank of lieutenant, sights the eastern coast of what is now Australia. 1770 - Marie Antoinette marries Louis XVI of France in a proxy wedding . 1775 - American Revolutionary War: The war begins with an American victory in Concord during the battles of Lexington and Concord . 1782 - John Adams secures the Dutch Republic's recognition of the United States as an independent government. The house which he had purchased in The Hague , Netherlands becomes the first American embassy . 1809 - An Austrian corps is defeated by the forces of the Duchy of Warsaw in the Battle of Raszyn , part of the struggles of the Fifth Coalition . On the same day the Austrian main army is defeated by a First French Empire Corps led by Louis-Nicolas Davout at the Battle of Teugen-Hausen in Bavaria, part of a four-day campaign that ended in a French victory. 1810 - Venezuela achieves home rule: Vicente Emparán , Governor of the Captaincy General is removed by the people of Caracas and a junta is installed. 1818 - French physicist Augustin Fresnel signs his preliminary "Note on the Theory of Diffraction". The document ends with what we now call the Fresnel integrals. 1839 - The Treaty of London establishes Belgium as a kingdom and guarantees its neutrality. 1861 - American Civil War: Baltimore riot of 1861: A pro-Secession mob in Baltimore attacks United States Army troops marching through the city. 1903 - The Kishinev pogrom in Kishinev begins, forcing tens of thousands of Jews to later seek refuge in Palestine and the Western world . 1927 - Mae West is sentenced to ten days in jail for obscenity for her play Sex . 1942 - World War II: In Poland, the Majdan-Tatarski ghetto is established, situated between the Lublin Ghetto and a Majdanek subcamp. 1943 - World War II: In Poland, the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begins, after German troops enter the Warsaw Ghetto to round up the remaining Jews. 1943 - Albert Hofmann deliberately doses himself with LSD for the first time , three days after having discovered its effects on April 16 . 1956 - Actress Grace Kelly marries Prince Rainier of Monaco . 1960 - Students in South Korea hold a nationwide pro-democracy protest against president Syngman Rhee , eventually forcing him to resign. 1971 - Sierra Leone becomes a republic , and Siaka Stevens the president. 1971 - Launch of Salyut 1 , the first space station . 1971 - Charles Manson is sentenced to death for conspiracy in the Tate–LaBianca murders . 1973 - The Portuguese Socialist Party is founded in the German town of Bad Münstereifel . 1975 - India's first satellite Aryabhata launched in orbit from Kapustin Yar , Russia . 1984 - Advance Australia Fair is proclaimed as Australia's national anthem , and green and gold as the national colours . 1985 - Two hundred ATF and FBI agents lay siege to the compound of the white supremacist survivalist group The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord in Arkansas; the CSA surrenders two days later. 1987 - The Simpsons first appear as a series of shorts on The Tracey Ullman Show , first starting with Good Night . 1989 - A gun turret explodes on the, killing 47 sailors. 1993 - The 51-day FBI siege of the Branch Davidian building in Waco, Texas , USA, ends when a fire breaks out. 76 Davidians, including eighteen children under the age of ten, died in the fire. 1995 - Oklahoma City bombing: The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, USA , is bombed, killing 168 people including 19 children under the age of six. 1999 - The German Bundestag returns to Berlin. 2000 - Air Philippines Flight 541 crashes in Samal, Davao del Norte , killing all 131 people on board. 2005 - Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger is elected to the papacy and becomes Pope Benedict XVI . 2011 - Fidel Castro resigns as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba after holding the title since July 1961 . 2013 - Boston Marathon bombing suspect Tamerlan Tsarnaev is killed in a shootout with police. His brother Dzhokhar is later captured hiding in a boat inside a backyard in the suburb of Watertown . 2020 - A killing spree in Nova Scotia , Canada , leaves 22 people and the perpetrator dead, making it the deadliest rampage in the country's history.Births 1452 - Frederick IV , King of Naples 1593 - Sir John Hobart, 2nd Baronet , English politician 1603 - Michel Le Tellier , French politician, French Minister of Defence 1613 - Christoph Bach , German musician 1633 - Willem Drost , Dutch painter 1655 - George St Lo , Royal Navy officer and administrator 1658 - Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine , German husband of Archduchess Maria Anna Josepha of Austria 1665 - Jacques Lelong , French author 1686 - Vasily Tatishchev , Russian ethnographer and politician 1715 - James Nares , English organist and composer 1721 - Roger Sherman , American lawyer and politician 1734 - Karl von Ordóñez , Austrian violinist and composer 1757 - Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth , English admiral and politician 1758 - William Carnegie, 7th Earl of Northesk , Scottish admiral 1785 - Alexandre Pierre François Boëly , French pianist and composer 1787 - Deaf Smith , American soldier 1793 - Ferdinand I of Austria 1806 - Sarah Bagley , American labor organizer 1814 - Louis Amédée Achard , French journalist and author 1832 - José Echegaray , Spanish poet and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate 1835 - Julius Krohn , Finnish poet and journalist 1863 - Hemmo Kallio , Finnish actor 1872 - Alice Salomon , German social reformer 1873 - Sydney Barnes , English cricketer 1874 - Ernst Rüdin , Swiss psychiatrist, geneticist, and eugenicist 1877 - Ole Evinrude , Norwegian-American engineer, invented the outboard motor 1879 - Arthur Robertson , Scottish runner 1882 - Getúlio Vargas , Brazilian lawyer and politician, 14th President of Brazil 1883 - Henry Jameson , American soccer player 1883 - Richard von Mises , Austrian-American mathematician and physicist 1885 - Karl Tarvas , Estonian architect 1889 - Otto Georg Thierack , German jurist and politician 1891 - Françoise Rosay , French actress 1892 - Germaine Tailleferre , French composer and educator 1894 - Elizabeth Dilling , American author and activist 1897 - Peter de Noronha , Indian businessman and philanthropist 1897 - Jiroemon Kimura , Japanese super-centenarian, oldest verified man ever 1898 - Constance Talmadge , American actress and producer 1899 - George O'Brien , American actor 1899 - Cemal Tollu , Turkish lieutenant and painter 1900 - Iracema de Alencar , Brazilian film actress 1900 - Richard Hughes , English author, poet, and playwright 1900 - Roland Michener , Canadian lawyer and politician, 20th Governor General of Canada 1900 - Rhea Silberta , Yiddish songwriter and singing teacher 1902 - Veniamin Kaverin , Russian author and screenwriter 1903 - Eliot Ness , American law enforcement agent 1907 - Alan Wheatley , English actor 1908 - Irena Eichlerówna , Polish actress 1912 - Glenn T. Seaborg, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 1913 - Ken Carpenter , American discus thrower and coach 1917 - Sven Hassel , Danish-German soldier and author 1919 - Sol Kaplan , American pianist and composer 1920 - Gene Leis , American guitarist, composer, and producer 1920 - Marvin Mandel , American lawyer and politician, 56th Governor of Maryland 1920 - John O'Neil , American baseball player and manager 1920 - Julien Ries , Belgian cardinal 1920 - Marian Winters , American actress 1921 - Anna Lee Aldred , American jockey 1921 - Leon Henkin , American logician 1921 - Roberto Tucci , Italian Jesuit leader, cardinal, and theologian 1922 - Erich Hartmann , German colonel and pilot 1922 - David Smith , politician in Rhodesia and Zimbabwe 1925 - John Kraaijkamp, Sr., Dutch actor 1925 - Hugh O'Brian , American actor 1926 - Rawya Ateya , Egyptian captain and politician 1928 - John Horlock , English engineer and academic 1928 - Azlan Shah of Perak , Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia 1931 - Walter Stewart , Canadian journalist and author 1932 - Fernando Botero , Colombian painter and sculptor 1933 - Dickie Bird , English cricketer and umpire 1933 - Jayne Mansfield , American model and actress 1933 - Philip Lavallin Wroughton , English captain and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire 1934 - Dickie Goodman , American singer-songwriter and producer 1935 - Dudley Moore , English actor, comedian, and pianist 1935 - Justin Francis Rigali , American cardinal 1936 - Wilfried Martens , Belgian politician, 60th Prime Minister of Belgium 1936 - Jack Pardee , American football player and coach 1937 - Antonio Carluccio , Italian-English chef and author 1937 - Elinor Donahue , American actress 1937 - Joseph Estrada , Filipino politician, 13th President of the Philippines 1938 - Stanley Fish , American theorist, author, and scholar 1939 - E. Clay Shaw, Jr., American accountant, judge, and politician 1941 - Roberto Carlos , Brazilian singer-songwriter 1941 - Clark Dimond , American musician and author 1941 - Michel Roux , French-English chef and author 1941 - Bobby Russell , American singer-songwriter 1942 - Bas Jan Ader , Dutch-American photographer and director 1942 - Alan Price , English keyboard player, singer, and composer 1942 - Jack Roush , American businessman, founded Roush Fenway Racing 1942 - Maarten van den Bergh , American-Dutch businessman 1943 - Margo MacDonald , Scottish journalist and politician 1943 - Lorenzo Sanz , Spanish businessman 1944 - Keith Erickson , American basketball player and sportscaster 1944 - James Heckman , American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 1944 - Bernie Worrell , American keyboard player and songwriter 1946 - Duygu Asena , Turkish journalist, author, and activist 1946 - Tim Curry , English actor 1947 - Murray Perahia , American pianist and conductor 1947 - Wilfrid Stevenson, Baron Stevenson of Balmacara , English civil servant 1947 - Yan Pascal Tortelier , French violinist and conductor 1947 - Mark Volman , American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1948 - Stuart McLean , Canadian radio host and author 1948 - Rick Miller , American baseball player and manager 1949 - Paloma Picasso , French-Spanish fashion designer 1949 - Larry Walters , American truck driver and pilot 1950 - Julia Cleverdon , English businesswoman and philanthropist 1951 - Barry Brown , American actor and playwright 1951 - Jóannes Eidesgaard , Faroese educator and politician, Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands 1952 - Alexis Argüello , Nicaraguan boxer and politician 1952 - Tony Plana , Cuban-American actor and director 1952 - Michael Trend , English journalist and politician 1953 - Rod Morgenstein , American drummer 1953 - Sara Simeoni , Italian high jumper 1953 - Ruby Wax , British-based American comedian, actress, and screenwriter 1954 - Trevor Francis , English footballer and manager 1954 - Bob Rock , Canadian guitarist, songwriter, and producer 1956 - Sue Barker , English tennis player and journalist 1956 - Randy Carlyle , Canadian ice hockey player and coach 1956 - Anne Glover , Scottish biologist and academic 1957 - Tony Martin , English singer-songwriter 1957 - Mukesh Ambani , Indian businessman, chairman of Reliance Industries and currently the richest man in Asia 1958 - Steve Antin , American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter 1958 - Stevie B , American singer-songwriter and record producer 1958 - Denis O'Brien , Irish businessman, founded BT Ireland 1958 - Vytautas Šapranauskas , Lithuanian actor 1958 - Keith Shine , British academic and educator 1959 - Jane Campbell, Baroness Campbell of Surbiton , English activist 1959 - Teofisto Guingona III , Filipino lawyer and politician 1959 - Donald Markwell , Australian sociologist and academic 1960 - Nicoletta Braschi , Italian actress and producer 1960 - Ara Gevorgyan , Armenian pianist, composer, and producer 1960 - Roger Merrett , Australian footballer and coach 1960 - John Schweitz , American basketball player and coach 1960 - Frank Viola , American baseball player and coach 1961 - Alan Kirschenbaum , American producer and writer 1961 - Albert Martinez , Filipino actor, director, and producer 1961 - Spike Owen , American baseball player and coach 1962 - Al Unser Jr., American race car driver 1964 - Gordon Marshall , Scottish footballer and coach 1964 - Kim Weaver , American astrophysicist, astronomer, and academic 1965 - Natalie Dessay , French soprano and actress 1965 - Suge Knight , American record producer, co-founded Death Row Records 1966 - Véronique Gens , French soprano and actress 1966 - David La Haye , Canadian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter 1966 - Paul Reiffel , Australian cricketer and umpire 1966 - El Samurai , Japanese wrestler 1967 - Philippe Saint-André , French rugby player and coach 1968 - Ashley Judd , American actress and activist 1968 - Arshad Warsi , Indian film actor and producer 1969 - Andrew Carnie , Canadian-American linguist, author, and academic 1969 - Susan Polgar , Hungarian-American chess player 1970 - Luis Miguel , Mexican singer-songwriter and producer 1970 - Kelly Holmes , English runner 1970 - Abelardo Fernández , Spanish footballer and manager 1971 - Brendon Burns , Australian comedian, podcaster, writer and author 1971 - Scott McCord , Canadian voice actor 1972 - Rivaldo , Brazilian footballer 1972 - Jeff Wilkins , American football player 1973 - George Gregan , Zambian-Australian rugby player and coach 1973 - Alessio Scarpi , Italian footballer 1975 - Jason Gillespie , Australian cricketer and coach 1975 - Jussi Jääskeläinen , Finnish footballer 1976 - Ruud Jolie , Dutch guitarist 1976 - Scott Padgett , American basketball player, coach, and radio host 1976 - Kim Young-oh , South Korean author and illustrator 1977 - Joe Beimel , American baseball player 1977 - Anju Bobby George , Indian long jumper 1977 - Lucien Mettomo , Cameroonian footballer 1977 - Dennys Reyes , Mexican baseball player 1977 - Jonny Storm , English wrestler and trainer 1978 - James Franco , American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter 1978 - Gabriel Heinze , Argentinian footballer 1978 - Amanda Sage , American-Austrian painter and educator 1979 - Rocky Bernard , American football player 1979 - Kate Hudson , American actress 1979 - Zhao Junzhe , Chinese footballer 1980 - Jason Blaine , Canadian singer-songwriter 1980 - Robyn Regehr , Brazilian-Canadian ice hockey player 1981 - Hayden Christensen , Canadian actor and producer 1981 - Ryuta Hara , Japanese footballer 1981 - Martin Havlát , Czech ice hockey player 1981 - James Hibberd , English cricketer 1981 - Troy Polamalu , American football player 1981 - Catalina Sandino Moreno , Colombian actress 1982 - Joseph Hagerty , American gymnast 1982 - Filip Jícha , Czech handball player 1982 - Samuel C. Morrison, Jr., Liberian-American journalist, producer, and screenwriter 1982 - Rocco Sabato , Italian footballer 1982 - Ignacio Serricchio , Argentinian-American actor 1982 - Sitiveni Sivivatu , New Zealand rugby player 1983 - Alberto Callaspo , Venezuelan-American baseball player 1983 - Zach Duke , American baseball player 1983 - Joe Mauer , American baseball player 1983 - Patrick Platins , German footballer 1983 - Curtis Thigpen , American baseball player 1984 - Christopher Pearce , English cricketer 1985 - Valon Behrami , Swiss footballer 1985 - David Cavazos , Mexican singer-songwriter 1985 - Sabrina Jalees , Canadian comedian, dancer, actress, presenter, and writer 1985 - Jan Zimmermann , German footballer 1986 - Pascal Angan , Beninese footballer 1986 - Candace Parker , American basketball player 1986 - Gabe Pruitt , American basketball player 1986 - Will Thursfield , English-Australian footballer 1987 - Luigi Giorgi , Italian footballer 1987 - Joe Hart , English footballer 1987 - Daniel Schuhmacher , German singer-songwriter 1987 - Maria Sharapova , Russian tennis player 1987 - Lauren Wilson , Canadian figure skater 1988 - Enrique Esqueda , Mexican footballer 1989 - Dominik Mader , German footballer 1989 - Daisuke Watabe , Japanese footballer 1989 - Genoveva Añonma , Equatoguinean footballer 1990 - Jackie Bradley, Jr., American baseball player 1990 - Kim Chiu , Filipino actress, singer, and dancer 1990 - Héctor Herrera , Mexican footballer 1990 - Ayaka Takahashi , Japanese badminton player 1991 - Steve Cook , English footballerDeaths 843 - Judith of Bavaria , Frankish empress 1012 - Ælfheah of Canterbury , English archbishop and saint 1013 - Hisham II , Umayyad caliph of Córdoba 1044 - Gothelo I , duke of Lorraine 1054 - Leo IX , pope of the Catholic Church 1321 - Gerasimus I , patriarch of Constantinople 1390 - Robert II , king of Scotland 1405 - Thomas West, 1st Baron West , English nobleman 1431 - Adolph III , count of Waldeck 1560 - Philip Melanchthon , German theologian and reformer 1567 - Michael Stifel , German monk and mathematician 1578 - Uesugi Kenshin , Japanese samurai and warlord 1588 - Paolo Veronese , Italian painter 1608 - Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset , English poet, playwright, and politician, Lord High Treasurer 1618 - Thomas Bastard , English priest and author 1619 - Jagat Gosain , Mughal empress 1629 - Sigismondo d'India , Italian composer 1632 - Sigismund III Vasa , king of Sweden and Poland 1686 - Antonio de Solís y Ribadeneyra , Spanish historian and playwright 1689 - Christina , queen of Sweden 1733 - Elizabeth Hamilton , countess of Orkney 1739 - Nicholas Saunderson , English mathematician and academic 1768 - Canaletto , Italian painter and etcher 1776 - Jacob Emden , German rabbi and author 1791 - Richard Price , Welsh-English preacher and philosopher 1813 - Benjamin Rush , American physician and educator 1824 - Lord Byron , English-Scottish poet and playwright 1831 - Johann Gottlieb Friedrich von Bohnenberger , German astronomer and mathematician 1833 - James Gambier, 1st Baron Gambier , Bahamian-English admiral and politician, 36th Commodore Governor of Newfoundland 1840 - Jean-Jacques Lartigue , Canadian bishop 1854 - Robert Jameson , Scottish mineralogist and academic 1881 - Benjamin Disraeli , English journalist and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 1882 - Charles Darwin , English biologist and theorist 1893 - Martin Körber , Estonian-German pastor, composer, and conductor 1901 - Alfred Horatio Belo , American publisher, founded The Dallas Morning News 1903 - Oliver Mowat , Canadian politician, third Premier of Ontario , eighth Lieutenant Governor of Ontario 1906 - Pierre Curie , French physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 1906 - Spencer Gore , English tennis player and cricketer 1909 - Signe Rink , Greenland-born Danish writer and ethnologist 1914 - Charles Sanders Peirce , American mathematician and philosopher 1915 - Thomas Playford II , English-Australian politician, 17th Premier of South Australia 1916 - Ephraim Shay , American engineer, designed the Shay locomotive 1926 - Alexander Alexandrovich Chuprov , Russian-Swiss statistician and theorist 1930 - Georges-Casimir Dessaulles , Canadian businessman and politician 1937 - Martin Conway, 1st Baron Conway of Allington , English cartographer and politician 1937 - William Morton Wheeler , American entomologist and zoologist 1941 - Johanna Müller-Hermann , Austrian composer 1949 - Ulrich Salchow , Danish-Swedish figure skater 1950 - Ernst Robert Curtius , French-German philologist and scholar 1955 - Jim Corbett , British-Indian colonel, hunter, and author 1960 - Beardsley Ruml , American economist and statistician 1961 - Max Hainle , German swimmer 1967 - Konrad Adenauer , German politician, 1st Chancellor of Germany 1971 - Luigi Piotti , Italian race car driver 1975 - Percy Lavon Julian , American chemist and academic 1987 - Hugh Brannum , American vocalist, arranger, and composer 1989 - Daphne du Maurier , English novelist and playwright 1991 - Stanley Hawes , English-Australian director and producer 1992 - Frankie Howerd , English actor and screenwriter 1993 - David Koresh , American religious leader 1993 - George S. Mickelson, American captain, lawyer, and politician, 28th Governor of South Dakota 1998 - Octavio Paz , Mexican poet, philosopher, and academic Nobel Prize laureate 1999 - Hermine Braunsteiner , Austrian-German SS officer 2000 - Louis Applebaum , Canadian composer and conductor 2001 - Meldrim Thomson, Jr .. American publisher and politician, 73rd Governor of New Hampshire 2002 - Reginald Rose , American writer 2003 - Mirza Tahir Ahmad , Indian-English caliph 2004 - Norris McWhirter , English author and activist co-founded the Guinness World Records 2004 - John Maynard Smith , English biologist and geneticist 2004 – Jenny Pike , Canadian WWII servicewoman and photographer 2005 - George P. Cosmatos, Italian-Greek director and screenwriter 2005 - Ruth Hussey , American actress 2005 - Clement Meadmore , Australian-American sculptor and author 2005 - Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen , Danish bassist and composer 2006 - Albert Scott Crossfield , American engineer, pilot, and astronaut 2007 - Jean-Pierre Cassel , French actor 2008 - John Marzano , American baseball player and sportscaster 2008 - Alfonso López Trujillo , Colombian cardinal 2009 - J. G. Ballard, English novelist, short story writer , and essayist 2011 - Elisabeth Sladen , English actress 2012 - Leopold David de Rothschild , English financier and philanthropist 2012 - Greg Ham , Australian saxophonist, songwriter, and actor 2012 - Levon Helm , American singer-songwriter, drummer, guitarist, instrumentalist, and actor 2012 - Valeri Vasiliev , Russian ice hockey player 2013 - Sivanthi Adithan , Indian businessman 2013 - Allan Arbus , American actor and photographer 2013 - Mike Denness , Scottish-English cricketer and referee 2013 - François Jacob , French biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 2013 - E. L. Konigsburg, American author and illustrator 2013 - Al Neuharth , American journalist, author, and publisher, founded USA Today 2014 - Lindy Berry , American football player 2014 - Ian McIntyre , Scottish journalist and producer 2014 - Frits Thors , Dutch journalist 2015 - Raymond Carr , English historian and academic 2015 - William Price Fox , American journalist and author 2015 - Roy Mason , English miner and politician, Secretary of State for Defence 2015 - Tom McCabe , Scottish social worker and politician 2015 - Oktay Sinanoğlu , Italian-Turkish chemist and academic 2016 - Patricio Aylwin , Chilean politician 2016 - Milt Pappas , American baseball player 2017 - Aaron Hernandez , American football playerHolidays and observances Christian feast day: * Ælfheah of Canterbury * Conrad of Ascoli * Emma of Lesum * Expeditus * George of Antioch * Olaus and Laurentius Petri * Pope Leo IX * Ursmar * April 19 Earliest day on which First Day of Summer or Sumardagurinn fyrsti can fall, while April 25 is the latest; celebrated on the first Thursday after April 18. Army Day Beginning of the Independence Movement Bicycle Day Dutch-American Friendship Day Holocaust Remembrance Day Indian Day King Mswati III's birthday Landing of the 33 Patriots Day Patriots' Day
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