January 7 - War of the Austrian Succession: The Austrian Army, under the command of Field Marshal Károly József Batthyány, makes a surprise attack at Amberg and the winter quarters of the Bavarian Army, and scatters the Bavarian defending troops, then captures the Bavarian capital at Munich
January 20 - Less than two weeks after the disastrous Battle of Amberg leaves Bavaria undefended, the electorate's ruler Karl VII Albrecht dies from gout at the age of 47, leaving the duchy without an adult to lead it. His 17-year-old son, Maximilian III Joseph signs terms of surrender in April.
February 22 - The ruling white colonial government on the island of Jamaica foils a conspiracy by about 900 black slaves who had been plotting to seize control and to massacre the white residents
February 27 - Pierre Bouguer appears before the French Academy of Sciences to deliver his report of the data gathered in the French Geodesic Mission, including the first precise measurement of the Earth's circumference. His determination that the circumference is and that the distance from the pole to equator is roughly eventually leads to the Academy's calculation of the metre and the metric system.
April 4 - ; Under the command of British Army General William Pepperrell, the first 4,300 American colonists in the New England Army depart Boston to liberate the French North American colony of Nova Scotia. The flotilla of 80 military transports and 18 armed escorts is scattered by a storm, but the first troops disembark at Canso, Nova Scotia, on April 15 and begin training while waiting for the arrival of the Royal Navy squadron commanded by Admiral Peter Warren
April 22 - Having recently turned 18, Bavaria's ruler Maximilian III agrees to sign the Treaty of Füssen with Austria withdrawing Bavaria from further participation in the War of the Austrian Succession, and agreeing to support Austria's candidate for the next Holy Roman Emperor
April 29 - The heavily-armed French NavyfrigateRenommée approaches the French colony of Nova Scotia, after having been dispatched to warn French forces at Louisbourg of the impending attack by British American forces. However, the Massachusetts privateer HMS Shirley Galley, commanded by John Rous, attacks the Renommée and forces it to sail away. The command at Louisbourg is not warned of the impending attack
May 11 - War of the Austrian Succession - Battle of Fontenoy: French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army, including the Black Watch.
June 4 - Battle of Hohenfriedberg: In the battle that earned him the descriptor of "Frederick the Great", King Frederick II of Prussia decisively defeats the Austrian and Saxon armies, effectively ending the Second Silesian War.
October 14 - In Amritsar in India's Punjab region, the Sikh parliament votes for a major reorganization of the Sikh nation's army, the Dal Khalsa, with 25 cavalry regiments and support troops under the command of General Nawab Kapur Singh
November 1 - Pope Benedict XIV issues the encyclical Vix pervenit, referred to in English as "On Usury and Other Dishonest Profit", condemning the charging of interest on loans as a sin against the Roman Catholic Church
November 8 - Jacobite rising of 1745: Charles Edward Stuart, known popularly as "Bonnie Prince Charlie", crosses from Scotland into England for the first time since beginning his quest to place his father on the English throne as the pretender King James III. Charles arrives at Longtown in Cumbria and spends the night at a nearby village, the Riddings, then leads his army south along the right bank of the River Eden the next day
November 28 - King George's War: A combined force of troops from the French Army and of the Wabanaki Confederacy destroys the British American settlement at Fort Saratoga, burning the fort and surrounding buildings to the ground, and killing 15 people. Another 103 survivors are taken prisoner.
December 4 - Jacobite rising of 1745: The Scottish Jacobite army reaches as far south as Derby in England, causing panic in London; two days later it begins to retreat.
December 18 - Jacobite rising of 1745 - Clifton Moor Skirmish: The Jacobites are victorious, in the last action between two military forces on English soil.
December 23 - Jacobite rising of 1745 - Battle of Inverurie: The Jacobites are victorious over British royal troops.
