36 BC

By place

Roman Republic

• Consuls: Lucius Gellius Publicola and Marcus Cocceius Nerva.
• Publius Canidius Crassus invades Armenia and Iberia ; he forces Parnavaz II into an alliance against Zober, king of Albania.
• June - Mark Antony launches a major offensive against the Parthians, in which he marches with 10 legions and 10,000 cavalry to Carana in Anatolia.
• July - Octavian's fleet embarks from Puteoli and tries to invade Sicily, but it is caught in a storm at Vibo and forced to return.
• August - Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, an admiral of Octavian Caesar, secures the Lipari Islands and harasses the coast from Mylae to Tyndaris. Octavian transports his legions, via Leucopetra, to Tauromenium.
• Antony crosses the frontier into Media Atropatene and commences the siege of Phraaspa. He establishes a line of circumvallation and builds siege engines.
• September 3 - Battle of Naulochus: Agrippa defeats Sextus Pompeius, a son of Pompeius, in a naval engagement off Naulochus. Sextus escapes with 17 ships to Messana and then to Asia Minor.
• Marcus Lepidus lands 12 legions from Africa and lays siege to Lilybaeum. He loses his army to Octavian when his men mutiny. Lepidus is kept in luxurious captivity in Rome until his death.
• Agrippa receives the unprecedented honor of a Naval Crown, wrought of gold and decorated with the prows of ships.
• October - Antony abandons the siege of Phraaspa. He retreats, loses many men to disease and starvation in the subsequent retreat to Egypt, and marries Cleopatra VII while still married to Octavia.
• Judea: Aristobulus III, the last of the Hasmoneans, becomes High Priest in Jerusalem, replacing Ananelus, who has only held the position for one year.
• Varro begins to write De Re Rustica.

  Asia

• October-December - The Han Dynasty Chinese army under General Chen Tang and General Gan Yanshou defeat the Xiongnu leader Zhizhi Chanyu in the Battle of Zhizhi. This leads to half a century of peace between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu until Wang Mang enrages them in the year AD 10, resuming hostilities between both sides.