6th Cavalry Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 6th Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Army. It served in the Napoleonic Wars, in the First World War on the Western Front where it was assigned to the 3rd Cavalry Division, and with the 1st Cavalry Division during World War II.
History
Napoleonic Wars
From June 1809, Wellington organized his cavalry into one, later two, cavalry divisions for the Peninsular War. These performed a purely administrative, rather than tactical, role; the normal tactical headquarters were provided by brigades commanding two, later usually three, regiments. The cavalry brigades were named for the commanding officer, rather than numbered. For the Hundred Days Campaign, he numbered his British cavalry brigades in a single sequence, 1st to 7th. The 6th Cavalry Brigade consisted of:- 10th Regiment of Dragoons
- 18th Regiment of Dragoons
- 1st Hussars, King's German Legion
The brigade took part in the Battle of Waterloo. During the battle, the 1st Hussars, KGL suffered just 7 casualties, the 10th Hussars 94 and the 18th Hussars 102. This represented a loss rate of about 13%.
World War I
Formation
The brigade was formed on 19 September 1914 at Ludgershall, Wiltshire for the 3rd Cavalry Division. It commanded three regular British Army cavalry regiments, the only ones not stationed in the United Kingdom or India at the outbreak of the war. A Royal Engineers signal troop also joined on formation.The 1st Dragoons joined the brigade on 19 September and the 10th Hussars on 22 September, both from Potchefstroom, South Africa. The 3rd Dragoon Guards from the Force in Egypt did not join the brigade in Belgium until 4 November.
The brigade landed at Ostend on 8 October 1914 and deployed to the Western Front in France and Belgium. C Battery, Royal Horse Artillery joined the division's Royal Horse Artillery Brigade from XIV Brigade, RHA of 7th Division on 19 October and was permanently attached to 6th Cavalry Brigade on the same day. On 29 February 1916, a Machine Gun Squadron was formed from the machine gun sections of the brigade's constituent regiments.
The 3rd Cavalry Division was initially formed with just two cavalry brigades – the 6th and 7th. To bring the division up to the standard strength of three brigades, the 8th Cavalry Brigade was formed in Belgium on 20 November 1914. The 10th Hussars was transferred to the new brigade on formation and was replaced by the 1/1st North Somerset Yeomanry from the 1st South Western Mounted Brigade in England.
Chronicle
The brigade served with the 3rd Cavalry Division on the Western Front until the end of the war. In 1914, the division saw action in the defence of Antwerp and the First Battle of Ypres, notably the battles of Langemarck, Gheluvelt and Nonne Bosschen. In 1915, it took part in the Second Battle of Ypres and the Battle of Loos. 1916 saw no notable actions, but in 1917 the division saw action in the Battle of Arras. At other times, the brigade formed a dismounted unit and served in the trenches.1918 saw the return of the war of movement and the division took part in the First Battle of the Somme notably the Battle of St Quentin, Actions of the Somme Crossings and Battle of the Avre ; the Battle of Amiens and the battles of the Hindenburg Line. Its final action was in the Advance in Flanders.
At the Armistice, units of the division had reached the River Dender at Leuze and Lessines in Belgium, when orders were received that they would cover the advance of the Second Army into Germany. They started the advance on 17 November, divisional headquarters being established at Waterloo on 21 November. Transport difficulties meant that the only one cavalry division could advance with Second Army so the following winter was spent in Belgium. By 31 March 1919, the division was demobilized.
Units in WWI
World War II
The 6th Cavalry Brigade was a pre-war First Line Territorial Army cavalry brigade reformed in 1920. On the outbreak of the war, it was part of Western Command and commanded the Warwickshire, Staffordshire and Cheshire Yeomanry regiments. It joined the 1st Cavalry Division when it was formed on 31 October 1939.With the 1st Cavalry Division, the 6th Cavalry Brigade departed the United Kingdom in December 1939, transited across France, and arrived in Palestine on 9 January 1940. It served as a garrison force under British Forces, Palestine and Trans-Jordan.
On 1 August 1941, the Division was converted into the 10th Armoured Division and the 6th Cavalry Brigade into the 8th Armoured Brigade. 8th Armoured Brigade would later take part in the Second Battle of El Alamein and land at Gold Beach on D Day.
Units in WWII
Unlike in the First World War, when brigade compositions rarely changed, there was considerable movement of units between the 4th, 5th and 6th Cavalry Brigades in the Second World War.| Unit | From | To |
| Warwickshire Yeomanry | 3 September 1939 | 21 March 1941 |
| Staffordshire Yeomanry | 3 September 1939 | 28 April 1941 |
| Staffordshire Yeomanry | 5 June 1941 | 31 July 1941 |
| Cheshire Yeomanry | 3 September 1939 | 20 March 1941 |
| Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry | 3 October 1940 | 7 January 1941 |
| Royal Scots Greys | 1 March 1941 | 31 July 1941 |
| Yorkshire Hussars | 23 March 1941 | 31 July 1941 |
Of the three regiments with the brigade when it was converted to an armoured formation:
- the Royal Scots Greys converted into an Armoured Regiment in 8th Armoured Brigade.
- the Yorkshire Hussars converted into an Armoured Regiment in 9th Armoured Brigade. It remained in the Middle East until 1943 when it returned to the UK.
- the Staffordshire Yeomanry converted into an Armoured Regiment in 8th Armoured Brigade. It fought in the Second Battle of El Alamein before returning to England. It landed in Normandy on D Day and fought throughout the North West Europe Campaign.
Commanders
| From | Rank | Name |
| 21 September 1914 | Brigadier-General | E. Makins |
| 7 November 1914 | Lieutenant-Colonel | O.B.B. Smith-Bingham |
| 9 November 1914 | Brigadier-General | D.G.M. Campbell |
| 19 April 1915 | Lieutenant-Colonel | O.B.B. Smith-Bingham |
| 4 May 1915 | Brigadier-General | D.G.M. Campbell |
| 23 May 1916 | Brigadier-General | A.E.W. Harman |
| 17 October 1917 | Lieutenant-Colonel | A. Burt |
| 8 December 1917 | Brigadier-General | A.E.W. Harman |
| 14 March 1918 | Brigadier-General | A.G. Seymour |
| 8 August 1918 | Lieutenant-Colonel | F.H.D.C. Whitmore |
| 15 August 1918 | Lieutenant-Colonel | E. Paterson |
| 2 September 1918 | Brigadier-General | E. Paterson |
The 6th Cavalry Brigade had the following commanders during World War II:
| From | Rank | Name |
| 3 September 1939 | Brigadier | H.O. Wiley |
| 18 May 1940 | Brigadier | J.I. Chrystall |
| 27 February 1941 | Lieutenant-Colonel | P.L.M. Wright |
| 10 May 1941 | Lieutenant-Colonel | G.H.N. Todd |
| 18 May 1941 | Brigadier | L.S. Lloyd |