From June 1809, Wellington organized his cavalry into one, later two, cavalry divisions for the Peninsular War. These performed a purely administrative, rather than tactical, role; the normal tactical headquarters were provided by brigades commanding two, later usually three, regiments. The cavalry brigades were named for the commanding officer, rather than numbered. For the Hundred Days Campaign, he numbered his British cavalry brigades in a single sequence, 1st to 7th. The 7th Cavalry Brigade consisted of:
It was commanded by Colonel Sir Friedrich von Arentschildt. The brigade took part in the Battle of Waterloo, though the 13th Light Dragoons was detached to the 5th Cavalry Brigade. Stationed to the rear of the infantry squares, it helped to fend off Ney's massed cavalry attacks from 4pm onwards. During the battle, the Hussars suffered 130 casualties and the Light Dragoons 108. This represented a loss rate of about 20%.
In March 1918, the 4th and 5th Cavalry Divisions were broken up in France. The Indian elements were sent to Egypt where they formed part of the new 4th and 5th Cavalry Divisions which played a major part in the successful conclusion of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign. The British and Canadian units remained in France and most of them were transferred to the 3rd Cavalry Division causing it to be extensively reorganized. The Household Cavalry regiments were concentrated in the 7th Cavalry Brigade; they left the brigade on 10 March when they were dismounted and converted to machine gunners as No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 Battalions of the Guards Machine Gun Regiment at Étaples. They were replaced in the brigade on the same day by 7th Dragoon Guards, 6th Dragoons and 17th Lancers.
Chronicle
The brigade served with the 3rd Cavalry Division on the Western Front until the end of the war. In 1914, the division saw action in the defence of Antwerp and the First Battle of Ypres, notably the battles of Langemarck, Gheluvelt and Nonne Bosschen. In 1915, it took part in the Second Battle of Ypres and the Battle of Loos. 1916 saw no notable actions, but in 1917 the division saw action in the Battle of Arras. At other times, the brigade formed a dismounted unit and served in the trenches. 1918 saw the return of the war of movement and the division took part in the First Battle of the Somme notably the Battle of St Quentin, Actions of the Somme Crossings and Battle of the Avre ; the Battle of Amiens and the battles of the Hindenburg Line. From 4 November, the Cavalry were involved at the Canal de Sambre over the River Scheldt. Its final action was in the Advance in Flanders. At the Armistice, units of the division had reached the River Dender at Leuze and Lessines in Belgium, when orders were received that they would cover the advance of the Second Army into Germany. They started the advance on 17 November, divisional headquarters being established at Waterloo on 21 November. Transport difficulties meant that the only one cavalry division could advance with Second Army so the following winter was spent in Belgium. By 31 March 1919, the division was demobilized.
Units
Commanders
The 7th Cavalry Brigade had the following commanders:
