91st United States Congress
The 91st United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1969, to January 3, 1971, during the first two years of the first administration of U.S. President Richard Nixon.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Eighteenth Census of the United States in 1960. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.
Major events
- January 20, 1969: Richard M. Nixon became President of the United States.
Major legislation
- December 30, 1969: Tax Reform Act of 1969,
- December 30, 1969: Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act,
- January 1, 1970: National Environmental Policy Act,
- April 1, 1970: Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act,
- April 3, 1970: Environmental Quality Improvement Act,
- May 21, 1970: Airport and Airway Development Act,, title I
- August 12, 1970: Postal Reorganization Act,
- August 15, 1970: Economic Stabilization Act, Title II of
- September 22, 1970: District of Columbia Delegate Act,
- October 15, 1970: Organized Crime Control Act,
- October 15, 1970: Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1970,
- October 26, 1970: Bank Secrecy Act,
- October 26, 1970: Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970
- October 27, 1970: Controlled Substances Act,
- October 30, 1970: Rail Passenger Service Act,
- December 24, 1970: Family Planning Services and Population Research Act of 1970,
- December 24, 1970: Plant Variety Protection Act,
- December 29, 1970: Occupational Safety and Health Act,
- December 31, 1970: Clean Air Act Extension,
- December 31, 1970: Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970,, including title VII, National Urban Policy and New Community Development Act of 1970
- January 12, 1971: Foreign Military Sales Act of 1971,
- January 13, 1971: Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act,
Party summary
Senate
House of Representatives
Leadership
Senate
- President: Hubert Humphrey, until January 20, 1969
- * Spiro Agnew, from January 20, 1969
- President pro tempore: Richard Russell Jr.
- Permanent Acting President pro tempore: Lee Metcalf
Majority (Democratic) leadership
- Majority Leader: Mike Mansfield
- Majority Whip: Ted Kennedy
- Caucus Secretary: Robert Byrd
Minority (Republican) leadership
- Minority Leader: Everett Dirksen, until September 7, 1969
- *Hugh Scott, from September 24, 1969
- Minority Whip: Hugh Scott, until September 24, 1969
- *Robert P. Griffin, from September 24, 1969
- Republican Conference Chairman: Margaret Chase Smith
- Republican Conference Secretary: Milton Young
- National Senatorial Committee Chair: John Tower
- Policy Committee Chairman: Gordon Allott
House of Representatives
- Speaker: John W. McCormack
Majority (Democratic) leadership
- Majority Leader: Carl Albert
- Majority Whip: Hale Boggs
- Democratic Caucus Chairman: Dan Rostenkowski
- Democratic Caucus Secretary: Leonor Sullivan
- Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Michael A. Feighan
Minority (Republican) leadership
- Minority Leader: Gerald Ford
- Minority Whip: Leslie C. Arends
- Republican Conference Chairman: John B. Anderson
- Republican Conference Secretary: Richard H. Poff
- Policy Committee Chairman: John Jacob Rhodes
- Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Bob Wilson
Caucuses
- House Democratic Caucus
- Senate Democratic Caucus
Members
Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1970; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1972; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1974.Alabama
- 2. John Sparkman
- 3. James Allen
Alaska
- 2. Ted Stevens
- 3. Mike Gravel
Arizona
- 1. Paul Fannin
- 3. Barry Goldwater
Arkansas
- 2. John L. McClellan
- 3. J. William Fulbright
California
- 1. George Murphy, until January 2, 1971
- * John V. Tunney, from January 2, 1971
- 3. Alan Cranston
Colorado
- 2. Gordon Allott
- 3. Peter H. Dominick
Connecticut
- 1. Thomas J. Dodd
- 3. Abraham Ribicoff
Delaware
- 1. John J. Williams, until December 30, 1970
- * William Roth, from January 1, 1971
- 2. J. Caleb Boggs
Florida
- 1. Spessard Holland
- 3. Edward Gurney
Georgia
- 2. Richard Russell Jr.
- 3. Herman Talmadge
Hawaii
- 1. Hiram Fong
- 3. Daniel Inouye
Idaho
- 2. Leonard B. Jordan
- 3. Frank Church
Illinois
- 2. Charles H. Percy
- 3. Everett Dirksen, until September 7, 1969
- * Ralph Tyler Smith, September 17, 1969 - November 3, 1970
- * Adlai Stevenson III, from November 17, 1970
Indiana
- 1. Vance Hartke
- 3. Birch Bayh
Iowa
- 2. Jack Miller
- 3. Harold Hughes
Kansas
- 2. James B. Pearson
- 3. Bob Dole
Kentucky
- 2. John Sherman Cooper
- 3. Marlow Cook
Louisiana
- 2. Allen J. Ellender
- 3. Russell B. Long
Maine
- 1. Edmund Muskie
- 2. Margaret Chase Smith
Maryland
- 1. Joseph Tydings
- 3. Charles Mathias
Massachusetts
- 1. Ted Kennedy
- 2. Edward Brooke
Michigan
- 1. Philip Hart
- 2. Robert P. Griffin
Minnesota
- 1. Eugene McCarthy
- 2. Walter Mondale
Mississippi
- 1. John C. Stennis
- 2. James Eastland
Missouri
- 1. Stuart Symington
- 3. Thomas Eagleton
Montana
- 1. Mike Mansfield
- 2. Lee Metcalf
Nebraska
- 1. Roman Hruska
- 2. Carl Curtis
Nevada
- 1. Howard Cannon
- 3. Alan Bible
New Hampshire
- 2. Thomas J. McIntyre
- 3. Norris Cotton
New Jersey
- 1. Harrison A. Williams
- 2. Clifford P. Case
New Mexico
- 1. Joseph Montoya
- 2. Clinton Anderson
New York
- 1. Charles Goodell
- 3. Jacob Javits
North Carolina
- 2. B. Everett Jordan
- 3. Sam Ervin
North Dakota
- 1. Quentin Burdick
- 3. Milton Young
Ohio
- 1. Stephen M. Young
- 3. William B. Saxbe
Oklahoma
- 2. Fred R. Harris
- 3. Henry Bellmon
Oregon
- 2. Mark Hatfield
- 3. Bob Packwood
Pennsylvania
- 1. Hugh Scott
- 3. Richard Schweiker
Rhode Island
- 1. John Pastore
- 2. Claiborne Pell
South Carolina
- 2. Strom Thurmond
- 3. Fritz Hollings
South Dakota
- 2. Karl E. Mundt
- 3. George McGovern
Tennessee
- 1. Albert Gore Sr.
- 2. Howard Baker
Texas
- 1. Ralph Yarborough
- 2. John Tower
Utah
- 1. Frank Moss
- 3. Wallace F. Bennett
Vermont
- 1. Winston L. Prouty
- 3. George Aiken
Virginia
- 1. Harry F. Byrd Jr.
- 2. William B. Spong Jr.
Washington
- 1. Henry M. Jackson
- 3. Warren Magnuson
West Virginia
- 1. Robert Byrd
- 2. Jennings Randolph
Wisconsin
- 1. William Proxmire
- 3. Gaylord Nelson
Wyoming
- 1. Gale W. McGee
- 2. Clifford Hansen
House of Representatives
Alabama
- . Jack Edwards
- . William Louis Dickinson
- . George W. Andrews
- . Bill Nichols
- . Walter Flowers
- . John Hall Buchanan Jr.
- . Tom Bevill
- . Robert E. Jones Jr.
Alaska
- . Howard Wallace Pollock
Arizona
- . John Jacob Rhodes
- . Mo Udall
- . Sam Steiger
Arkansas
- . William Vollie Alexander Jr.
- . Wilbur Mills
- . John Paul Hammerschmidt
- . David Pryor
California
- . Donald H. Clausen
- . Harold T. Johnson
- . John E. Moss
- . Robert L. Leggett
- . Phillip Burton
- . William S. Mailliard
- . Jeffery Cohelan
- . George P. Miller
- . Don Edwards
- . Charles Gubser
- . Pete McCloskey
- . Burt Talcott
- . Charles M. Teague
- . Jerome Waldie
- . John J. McFall
- . B. F. Sisk
- . Glenn M. Anderson
- . Bob Mathias
- . Chester E. Holifield
- . H. Allen Smith
- . Augustus Hawkins
- . James C. Corman
- . Del M. Clawson
- . Glenard P. Lipscomb, until February 1, 1970
- * John H. Rousselot, from June 30, 1970
- . Charles E. Wiggins
- . Thomas M. Rees
- . Edwin Reinecke, until January 21, 1969
- * Barry Goldwater Jr., from April 29, 1969
- . Alphonzo E. Bell Jr.
- . George Brown Jr.
- . Edward R. Roybal
- . Charles H. Wilson
- . Craig Hosmer
- . Jerry Pettis
- . Richard T. Hanna
- . James B. Utt, until March 1, 1970
- * John G. Schmitz, from June 30, 1970
- . Bob Wilson
- . Lionel Van Deerlin
- . John V. Tunney, until January 2, 1971
Colorado
- . Byron G. Rogers
- . Donald G. Brotzman
- . Frank Evans
- . Wayne N. Aspinall
Connecticut
- . Emilio Q. Daddario
- . William St. Onge, until May 1, 1970
- * Robert H. Steele, from November 3, 1970
- . Robert Giaimo
- . Lowell Weicker
- . John S. Monagan
- . Thomas Meskill
Delaware
- . William Roth, until December 31, 1970
Florida
- . Bob Sikes
- . Don Fuqua
- . Charles E. Bennett
- . Bill Chappell
- . Louis Frey Jr.
- . Sam Gibbons
- . James A. Haley
- . William C. Cramer
- . Paul Rogers
- . J. Herbert Burke
- . Claude Pepper
- . Dante Fascell
Georgia
- . George Elliott Hagan
- . Maston E. O'Neal Jr.
- . Jack Brinkley
- . Benjamin B. Blackburn
- . Fletcher Thompson
- . John Flynt
- . John William Davis
- . W. S. Stuckey Jr.
- . Phillip M. Landrum
- . Robert Grier Stephens Jr.
Hawaii
- . Spark Matsunaga
- . Patsy Mink
Idaho
- . James A. McClure
- . Orval H. Hansen
Illinois
- . William L. Dawson, until November 9, 1970
- . Abner J. Mikva
- . William T. Murphy
- . Ed Derwinski
- . John C. Kluczynski
- . Daniel J. Ronan, until August 13, 1969
- * George W. Collins, from November 3, 1970
- . Frank Annunzio
- . Dan Rostenkowski
- . Sidney R. Yates
- . Harold R. Collier
- . Roman Pucinski
- . Robert McClory
- . Donald Rumsfeld, until May 25, 1969
- * Phil Crane, from November 25, 1969
- . John N. Erlenborn
- . Charlotte Thompson Reid
- . John B. Anderson
- . Leslie C. Arends
- . Robert H. Michel
- . Tom Railsback
- . Paul Findley
- . Kenneth J. Gray
- . William L. Springer
- . George E. Shipley
- . Melvin Price
Indiana
- . Ray Madden
- . Earl Landgrebe
- . John Brademas
- . E. Ross Adair
- . Richard L. Roudebush
- . William G. Bray
- . John T. Myers
- . Roger H. Zion
- . Lee H. Hamilton
- . David W. Dennis
- . Andrew Jacobs Jr.
Iowa
- . Fred Schwengel
- . John Culver
- . Harold R. Gross
- . John Henry Kyl
- . Neal Edward Smith
- . Wiley Mayne
- . William J. Scherle
Kansas
- . Keith Sebelius
- . Chester L. Mize
- . Larry Winn
- . Garner E. Shriver
- . Joe Skubitz
Kentucky
- . Frank Stubblefield
- . William Natcher
- . William Cowger
- . Gene Snyder
- . Tim Lee Carter
- . John C. Watts
- . Carl D. Perkins
Louisiana
- . F. Edward Hébert
- . Hale Boggs
- . Patrick T. Caffery
- . Joe Waggonner
- . Otto Passman
- . John Rarick
- . Edwin Edwards
- . Speedy Long
Maine
- . Peter Kyros
- . William Hathaway
Maryland
- . Rogers Morton
- . Clarence Long
- . Edward Garmatz
- . George Hyde Fallon
- . Lawrence Hogan
- . J. Glenn Beall Jr.
- . Samuel Friedel
- . Gilbert Gude
Massachusetts
- . Silvio O. Conte
- . Edward Boland
- . Philip J. Philbin
- . Harold Donohue
- . F. Bradford Morse
- . William H. Bates, until June 22, 1969
- * Michael J. Harrington, from September 30, 1969
- . Torbert Macdonald
- . Tip O'Neill
- . John W. McCormack
- . Margaret Heckler
- . James A. Burke
- . Hastings Keith
Michigan
- . John Conyers
- . Marvin L. Esch
- . Garry E. Brown
- . J. Edward Hutchinson
- . Gerald Ford
- . Charles E. Chamberlain
- . Donald Riegle
- . R. James Harvey
- . Guy Vander Jagt
- . Elford Albin Cederberg
- . Philip Ruppe
- . James G. O'Hara
- . Charles Diggs
- . Lucien Nedzi
- . William D. Ford
- . John Dingell
- . Martha Griffiths
- . William Broomfield
- . Jack H. McDonald
Minnesota
- . Al Quie
- . Ancher Nelsen
- . Clark MacGregor
- . Joseph Karth
- . Donald M. Fraser
- . John M. Zwach
- . Odin Langen
- . John Blatnik
Mississippi
- . Thomas Abernethy
- . Jamie Whitten
- . Charles H. Griffin
- . Sonny Montgomery
- . William M. Colmer
Missouri
- . Bill Clay
- . James W. Symington
- . Leonor Sullivan
- . William J. Randall
- . Richard Walker Bolling
- . William Raleigh Hull Jr.
- . Durward Gorham Hall
- . Richard Howard Ichord Jr.
- . William L. Hungate
- . Bill Burlison
Montana
- . Arnold Olsen
- . James Franklin Battin, until February 27, 1969
- * John Melcher, from June 24, 1969
Nebraska
- . Robert Vernon Denney
- . Glenn Cunningham
- . David Martin
Nevada
- . Walter S. Baring Jr.
New Hampshire
- . Louis C. Wyman
- . James Colgate Cleveland
New Jersey
- . John E. Hunt
- . Charles W. Sandman Jr.
- . James J. Howard
- . Frank Thompson
- . Peter Frelinghuysen Jr.
- . William T. Cahill, until January 19, 1970
- * Edwin B. Forsythe, from November 3, 1970
- . William B. Widnall
- . Charles Samuel Joelson, until September 4, 1969
- * Robert A. Roe, from November 4, 1969
- . Henry Helstoski
- . Peter W. Rodino
- . Joseph Minish
- . Florence P. Dwyer
- . Cornelius Gallagher
- . Dominick V. Daniels
- . Edward J. Patten
New Mexico
- . Manuel Lujan Jr.
- . Ed Foreman
New York
- . Otis G. Pike
- . James R. Grover Jr.
- . Lester L. Wolff
- . John W. Wydler
- . Allard K. Lowenstein
- . Seymour Halpern
- . Joseph P. Addabbo
- . Benjamin Stanley Rosenthal
- . James J. Delaney
- . Emanuel Celler
- . Frank J. Brasco
- . Shirley Chisholm
- . Bertram L. Podell
- . John J. Rooney
- . Hugh Carey
- . John M. Murphy
- . Ed Koch
- . Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
- . Leonard Farbstein
- . William Fitts Ryan
- . James H. Scheuer
- . Jacob H. Gilbert
- . Jonathan Brewster Bingham
- . Mario Biaggi
- . Richard Ottinger
- . Ogden R. Reid
- . Martin B. McKneally
- . Hamilton Fish IV
- . Daniel E. Button
- . Carleton J. King
- . Robert C. McEwen
- . Alexander Pirnie
- . Howard W. Robison
- . James M. Hanley
- . Samuel S. Stratton
- . Frank Horton
- . Barber Conable
- . James F. Hastings
- . Richard D. McCarthy
- . Henry P. Smith III
- . Thaddeus J. Dulski
North Carolina
- . Walter B. Jones Sr.
- . Lawrence H. Fountain
- . David N. Henderson
- . Nick Galifianakis
- . Wilmer Mizell
- . L. Richardson Preyer
- . Alton Lennon
- . Earl B. Ruth
- . Charles R. Jonas
- . Jim Broyhill
- . Roy A. Taylor
North Dakota
- . Mark Andrews
- . Thomas S. Kleppe
Ohio
- . Robert Taft Jr.
- . Donald D. Clancy
- . Charles W. Whalen Jr.
- . William Moore McCulloch
- . Del Latta
- . Bill Harsha
- . Bud Brown
- . Jackson Edward Betts
- . Thomas L. Ashley
- . Clarence E. Miller
- . J. William Stanton
- . Samuel L. Devine
- . Charles Adams Mosher
- . William Hanes Ayres
- . Chalmers Wylie
- . Frank T. Bow
- . John M. Ashbrook
- . Wayne Hays
- . Michael J. Kirwan, until July 27, 1970
- * Charles J. Carney, from November 3, 1970
- . Michael A. Feighan
- . Louis Stokes
- . Charles Vanik
- . William Edwin Minshall Jr.
- . Buz Lukens
Oklahoma
- . Page Belcher
- . Ed Edmondson
- . Carl Albert
- . Tom Steed
- . John Jarman
- . John Newbold Camp
Oregon
- . Wendell Wyatt
- . Al Ullman
- . Edith Green
- . John R. Dellenback
Pennsylvania
- . William A. Barrett
- . Robert N. C. Nix Sr.
- . James A. Byrne
- . Joshua Eilberg
- . William J. Green III
- . Gus Yatron
- . Lawrence G. Williams
- . Edward G. Biester Jr.
- . George Watkins, until August 7, 1970
- * John H. Ware III, from November 3, 1970
- . Joseph M. McDade
- . Dan Flood
- . J. Irving Whalley
- . Lawrence Coughlin
- . William S. Moorhead
- . Fred B. Rooney
- . Edwin Duing Eshleman
- . Herman T. Schneebeli
- . Robert J. Corbett
- . George Atlee Goodling
- . Joseph M. Gaydos
- . John Herman Dent
- . John P. Saylor
- . Albert W. Johnson
- . Joseph P. Vigorito
- . Frank M. Clark
- . Thomas E. Morgan
- . James G. Fulton
Rhode Island
- . Fernand St. Germain
- . Robert Tiernan
South Carolina
- . L. Mendel Rivers, until December 28, 1970
- . Albert Watson
- . William Jennings Bryan Dorn
- . James Mann
- . Thomas S. Gettys
- . John L. McMillan
South Dakota
- . Ben Reifel
- . Ellis Yarnal Berry
Tennessee
- . Jimmy Quillen
- . John Duncan Sr.
- . Bill Brock
- . Joe L. Evins
- . Richard Fulton
- . William Anderson
- . Ray Blanton
- . Fats Everett, until January 26, 1969
- * Ed Jones, from March 25, 1969
- . Dan Kuykendall
Texas
- . Wright Patman
- . John Dowdy
- . James M. Collins
- . Ray Roberts
- . Earle Cabell
- . Olin E. Teague
- . George H. W. Bush
- . Robert C. Eckhardt
- . Jack Brooks
- . J. J. Pickle
- . William R. Poage
- . Jim Wright
- . Graham B. Purcell Jr.
- . John Andrew Young
- . Kika de la Garza
- . Richard Crawford White
- . Omar Burleson
- . Bob Price
- . George H. Mahon
- . Henry B. González
- . O. C. Fisher
- . Robert R. Casey
- . Abraham Kazen
Utah
- . Laurence J. Burton
- . Sherman P. Lloyd
Vermont
- . Robert Stafford
Virginia
- . Thomas N. Downing
- . G. William Whitehurst
- . David E. Satterfield III
- . Watkins Moorman Abbitt
- . Dan Daniel
- . Richard Harding Poff
- . John Otho Marsh Jr.
- . William L. Scott
- . William C. Wampler
- . Joel Broyhill
Washington
- . Thomas Pelly
- . Lloyd Meeds
- . Julia Butler Hansen
- . Catherine Dean May
- . Tom Foley
- . Floyd Hicks
- . Brock Adams
West Virginia
- . Bob Mollohan
- . Harley Orrin Staggers
- . John M. Slack Jr.
- . Ken Hechler
- . James Kee
Wisconsin
- . Henry C. Schadeberg
- . Robert Kastenmeier
- . Vernon Wallace Thomson
- . Clement J. Zablocki
- . Henry S. Reuss
- . William A. Steiger
- . Melvin Laird, until January 21, 1969
- * Dave Obey, from April 1, 1969
- . John W. Byrnes
- . Glenn Robert Davis
- . Alvin O'Konski
Wyoming
- . John S. Wold
Delegates
- . Jorge Luis Córdova
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this CongressSenate
- replacements: 3
- * Democratic: 2 seat net gain
- * Republican: 2 seat net loss
- deaths: 1
- resignations: 2
- Total seats with changes: 3
House of Representatives
- replacements: 14
- * Democratic: 2 seat net gain
- * Republican: 2 seat net loss
- deaths: 10
- resignations: 8
- Total seats with changes: 18
Committees
Senate
- Aeronautical and Space Sciences
- Agriculture and Forestry
- Appropriations
- Armed Services
- Banking and Currency
- Commerce
- District of Columbia
- Equal Educational Opportunity
- Finance
- Foreign Relations
- Government Operations
- Interior and Insular Affairs
- Judiciary
- Labor and Public Welfare
- Nutrition and Human Needs
- Post Office and Civil Service
- Public Works
- Rules and Administration
- Small Business
- Standards and Conduct
- Whole
House of Representatives
- Agriculture
- Appropriations
- Armed Services
- Banking and Currency
- District of Columbia
- Education and Labor
- Foreign Affairs
- Government Operations
- House Administration
- House Beauty Shop
- House Restaurant
- Interior and Insular Affairs
- Internal Security
- Interstate and Foreign Commerce
- Judiciary
- Merchant Marine and Fisheries
- Parking
- Post Office and Civil Service
- Public Works
- Rules
- Science and Astronautics
- Small Business
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Veterans' Affairs
- Ways and Means
- Whole
Joint committees
- Atomic Energy
- Congressional Operations
- Defense Productions
- Disposition of Executive Papers
- Economic
- Immigration and Nationality Policy
- Legislative Budget
- The Library
- Navajo-Hopi Indian Administration
- Printing
- Reduction of Nonessential Federal Expenditures
- Taxation
Employees