Abun language


Abun, also known as Yimbun, Anden, Manif, or Karon, is a Papuan language spoken along the northern coast of the Bird's Head Peninsula in Abun District, Tambrauw Regency. It is not closely related to any other language, and though Ross assigned it to the West Papuan family, based on similarities in pronouns, Palmer, Ethnologue, and Glottolog list it as a language isolate.
Abun used to have three lexical tones, but only two are distinguished now as minimal pairs and even these are found in limited vocabulary. Therefore, Abun is said to be losing its tonality due to linguistic change.
Being spoken along the coast of northwestern New Guinea, Abun is in contact with Austronesian languages; maritime vocabulary in Abun has been borrowed from Biak.

Setting and dialects

The speakers number about 3,000 spread across 18 villages and several isolated hamlets. The Abun area occupies a stretch of the northern coast of the Bird's Head Peninsula. The neighbouring languages are: Moi to the southwest along the coast, Moraid and Karon Dori to the south, and Mpur to the east.
The Abun speakers refer to their language as either Abun or Anden. Several other names are in use by neighbouring groups: the Moi call it Madik, the Mpur refer to it as Yimbun or Yembun, while among the it is known as Karon Pantai, a term with derogatory connotations.
Abun has four distinct dialects: Abun Tat, Abun Ye, and the two dialects of Abun Ji. The two Abun Ji dialects are differentiated by their use of /r/ or /l/. Abun exists on a dialect continuum from Abun Tat to Abun Ji /l/: speakers of Abun Tat are less able to understand Abun Ji than Abun Ye.

Phonology

Abun has 5 vowels: /a, e, i, o, u/.

Tones

Abun has three lexical tones, which are high, mid, and low. A minimal set showing all three tones:
High/rising tones can also be used to mark plurals.
Abun has bipartite negation like French, using the pre-predicate negator yo and post-predicate negator nde. Both are obligatory. Example:
Like the other language isolates of the northern Bird's Head Peninsula, Abun is a heavily isolating language, with many one-to-one word-morpheme correspondences, as shown in the example sentence below.