Alba, Piedmont
Alba is a town and comune of Piedmont, Italy, in the province of Cuneo. It is considered the capital of the UNESCO Human Heritage hilly area of Langhe, and is famous for its white truffle and wine production. The confectionery group Ferrero is based there. The city joined the UNESCO Creative Cities Network in October 2017.
History
Alba's origins date from before the Roman civilization, connected probably to the presence of Celtic and Ligurian tribes in the area.The modern town occupies the site of ancient Alba Pompeia, the name given after being officially recognized as a town by the Roman consul Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo while constructing a road from Aquae Statiellae to Augusta Taurinorum. Alba was the birthplace of Publius Helvius Pertinax, briefly Roman emperor in 193.
After the fall of the Western Empire, the city was repeatedly sacked by Ostrogoths, Burgundians, Byzantines, Lombards, Franks, Hungarians and Saracens. In the 11th century it became a free commune and was a member of the Lombard League. Montferrat and the Visconti fought over the town; later it became a possession of the Gonzaga. Charles Emmanuel I of Savoy conquered it twice, while later France and Spain battled for its possession. The Treaty of Cherasco assigned Alba definitively to Savoy. During Napoleonic Wars, it was part of the Republic of Alba and of the Subalpine Republic, both French clients, before being annexed to the French Empire in 1802. It was an arrondissement center in firstly Tanaro department between 1802-1805, later in Stura one between 1805-1814 before liberation by Austrian troops. It was returned to Kingdom of Sardinia in 1814.
Alba won a Gold Medal for Military Valour for the heroic activity of its citizens in the Italian resistance movement during the course of World War II. On 10 October 1944, the town was liberated by partisans who established a Republic of Alba which for a few weeks was able to maintain its independence from the Fascist Republic of Salò. The republic lasted to 2 November 1944, when Republic of Salo retook it. It was finally liberated by French troops on 2 May 1945.
Geography
Approximately located at about 50 km from the cities of Turin and Cuneo, Alba is placed on the right side of the river Tanaro. The climate is typically more drought than in other lands at the north of the Po river.Main sights
Of the Roman city, which had a polygonal form, parts of the fortified gate and remains of some edifices with marble and mosaics can still be seen.Other attractions include:
- Palazzo Comunale : city hall housing a Nativity by Macrino d'Alba; adjacent is the Bishop's Palace.
- City towers : Alba was once known as the "City with hundred towers".
- Duomo of San Lorenzo : Roman Catholic cathedral built in Romanesque style, probably atop an Ancient Roman temple. It was restructured multiple times over the centuries, starting in the 15th century in a reconstruction patronized by bishop Andrea Novelli. The current appearance derives from a controversial 19th-century restoration; however, the three portals and the crypt remain from the original edifice. The church is well known for its wood-carved choir made in 1512 by Bernardino Fossati. The current belfry, from the 12th century, includes entirely the original bell tower.
- San Domenico : Gothic architecture church housing much of the most salient sacred artworks in town. It has a noteworthy portal with a triple arch within a pointed arch, a polygonal apse and traces of Renaissance frescoes. During the Napoleonic Wars it was used a stable, but reconsecrated on 22 June 1827.
- St John the Baptist : Baroque architecture church housing a Madonna of the Graces by Barnaba da Modena and a Madonna with Saints by Macrino d'Alba.
- Santa Maria Maddalena : small late-Baroque church designed by Bernardo Antonio Vittone and housing the relics of Blessed Margaret of Savoy.
Economy
In addition to traditional agriculture, Alba is a very important center of wine. In the area of Alba, in fact, there are 290 wineries that cultivate an area of of land, producing an average of 61,200 hL of wine annually.The wines of Alba are among the most renowned in Italy and are divided into:
The city has a thriving economy, boasting the confectionery industry's world-renowned Ferrero, the publishing house Società San Paolo and the textile firm Miroglio.
The town also houses the largest cooperative credit bank of Italy, by number of partners, the Banca d'Alba, and the international food chain Eataly. UniEuro, the Italian chain of stores specializing in household electrical appliances and acquired by Dixons Retail in 2002, was also established in Alba.
Alba is also famous worldwide for its white truffles, and its annual Truffle Festival.
Climate
According to the Köppen climate classification, Alba has a humid subtropical climate which is moderated by the proximity of the Mediterranean sea. Its winter are warmer, January is usually, and its summers are hot, where temperature can reach. Rain falls mostly during the spring and autumn; during the hottest months rain is less common, July with and August with. During November and December, the town of Alba can be prone to fog.Sport
The town’s football club, A.S.D. Albese Calcio has been in existence since 1917.Notable natives and residents
- Publius Helvius Pertinax, Governor of Britain c.185–187 and Roman Emperor for the first 86 days of 193 AD was born in Alba.
- The Blessed Margaret of Savoy, child bride and childless, youthful widow of Theodore II, Marquess of Montferrat established, ruled over, and was interred in a monastery here.
- Macrino d'Alba was a Renaissance painter, born in Alba and largely active in north-west Italy.
- Giuseppe "Pinot" Gallizio, an artist born in Alba and co-founder there of the International Movement for an Imaginist Bauhaus.
- Beppe Fenoglio was a writer born in Alba and a partisan fighter who participated in the brief liberation of the town from Nazi-Fascist control in 1944.
- Sara Bonifacio, Italian female volleyballplayer.
International relations
Twin towns — sister cities
Alba is twinned with:- Arlon, Belgium
- Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
- Beausoleil, France
- Böblingen, Germany
- Giresun, Turkey
- Medford, United States
- Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain