Athletics at the Far Eastern Championship Games


Athletics was one of the sports at the biennial Far Eastern Championship Games. Athletics competitions were held at every one of the ten editions of the games, which existed between 1913 and 1934. This represented the first time that a regular major international athletics competition occurred between Asian nations. It was later succeeded by athletics at the Asian Games, which began in 1951.
At the start of the 20th century, the Philippines was initially the most developed nation in track and field sports given its close ties to the United States through its Insular Government, which ruled the country as a territory. As the head of the Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation and physical director of the national YMCA branch, Elwood Brown had set about developing American sports in the Philippines. He was central to the creation of the Far Eastern Athletic Association and track and field was a main aspect of the Far Eastern Championship Games from the inaugural edition.
Correspondingly, in the first half of the competition's history, the Philippines was the most dominant nation in the athletics programme, going unbeaten in the first five editions. Japan's development in Western track and field coincided with the launch of the games, with the country holding its first national championships for the sport in 1913. Developing through similar means of engagement with the YMCA sports programme in the country, the country became the dominant force in athletics in the mid-1920s and won four of the last five championship titles in the sport. Outside the Western-defined track events, Japan was consistently dominant in the middle- and long-distance running events from the beginning of the competition, owing to its tradition of distance running including the Kanto 10-mile road race and its well-developed ekiden foot messenger system. Chinese track and field athletes, led by their local YMCA athletic group, also developed over the period that the competition was held, but as the 20th century progressed they quickly fell behind the standard set by Japan and the Philippines; China began to emerge as a regional power in athletics in the 1970s.

Editions

GamesYearHost cityHost countryEventsChampionship winner
I1913 ManilaPhilippines17Philippines
II1915 ShanghaiChina17Philippines
III1917 TokyoJapan18Philippines
IV1919 ManilaPhilippines18Philippines
V1921 ShanghaiChina18Philippines
VI1923 OsakaJapan19Japan
VII1925 ManilaPhilippines19Philippines
VIII1927 ShanghaiChina19Japan
IX1930 TokyoJapan19Japan
X1934 ManilaPhilippines19Japan

Events

Over the 21-year history of the competition, only men's athletics events were included. For the first six editions of the competition, athletics track events were contested over imperial distances. These were changed to metric distances from 1925 onwards, in line with international and Olympic standards. The number of events contested stayed relatively stable and the only additions were the javelin throw in 1917 and the triple jump in 1923 – both events where Japanese athletes were dominant. The events programme roughly aligned with that of the Olympics, with notable differences being the absence of marathon, steeplechase, racewalking, and hammer throw events.
Event1913191519171919192119231925192719301934Games
100 yards/100 metresyyyyyymmmm10
220 yards/200 metres straightyyyyyymmmm10
440 yards/400 metresyyyyyymmmm10
880 yards/800 metresyyyyyymmmm10
Mile run/1500 metresyyyyyymmmm10
Long-distance road race5 mi8 mi5 mi3
Long-distance track race10 mi5 mi5 mi3
10,000 metresmmmm4
120 yards/110 metres hurdlesyyyyyymmmm10
220 yards/200 metres hurdles straightyyyyyymmm9
400 metres hurdlesm1
4×100 metres relaym1
4×220 yards/4×200 metres relayyyyyyymmm9
4×440 yards/4×400 metres relayyyyyyymmmm10
Pole vaultXXXXXXXXXX10
High jumpXXXXXXXXXX10
Long jumpXXXXXXXXXX10
Triple jumpXXXXX5
Shot putXXXXXXXXXX10
Discus throwXXXXXXXXXX10
Javelin throwXXXXXXXX8
PentathlonXXXXXXXXXX10
DecathlonXXXXXXXXXX10

Given that the games were held during a period when athletics was a developing sport in the three participating nations, several athletes were dominant in their events at the competition. The event also saw the development of some of the region's athletes into international standard competitors. Foremost of these was Japanese athlete Mikio Oda, who became Asia's first ever Olympic gold medallist at the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics by winning the triple jump. Three-time Far Eastern high jump champion Simeon Toribio became the first Olympic medallist for the Philippines at the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics. Takayoshi Yoshioka, a three-time Far Eastern sprint champion, equalled the men's 100 metres world record in 1935 – the first and so far only Asian athlete to achieve that feat in the event. Kosaku Sumiyoshi won the Far Eastern javelin title three times and was an Olympic finalist in 1932.
Fortunato Catalon was the most successful competitor in the athletics section of the Far Eastern Championship Games. He won nine individual sprint titles from 1917–1925, including four consecutive sprint doubles in the 100-yard dash and 220-yard dash. His compatriots Genaro Saavedra and Regino Ylanan—each with four titles to their name—were the only athletes other than Catalon and Oda to claim more than three individual titles. Ylanan had a lasting legacy in Filipino sport through the creation of the National Collegiate Athletic Association in the Philippines which, like its American equivalent, remains the organiser for national level college sports. Katsuo Okazaki was the competition's most successful middle-distance runner and went on to greater success outside of the field of sport by serving as Minister for Foreign Affairs for Japan in the 1950s and a United Nations delegate in the 1960s.
AthleteTitlesNationEventPeriod
Fortunato Catalon9Philippines100 yd, 100 m, 200 yd 1917–1925
Mikio Oda7JapanLong jump, triple jump, decathlon1923–1930
Regino Ylanan4PhilippinesShot put, discus throw, pentathlon1913–1915
Genaro Saavedra4Philippines100 yards, high jump, pole vault, decathlon1915
Alejo Alvarez3PhilippinesShot put, discus throw1917–1919
Katsuo Okazaki3Japan880 yd, mile run 1921–1923
Antonio Alo3PhilippinesPole vault1919–1925
Juan Taduran3PhilippinesDecathlon1921–1925
Generoso Rabaya3Philippines110 m hurdles, shot put1925–1927
Kosaku Sumiyoshi3JapanJavelin throw, pentathlon1927–1930
Simeon Toribio3PhilippinesHigh jump1927–1934
Takayoshi Yoshioka3Japan100 m, 200 m 1930–1934

Olympic medallists

The competition was the first venue for international athletics between specifically Asian nations. As a result, the games was the place where Asia's top international athletes of the period first found success. Nine of these athletes went on to claim Asia's first Olympic athletics medals.
Two Filipinos, Simeon Toribio and Miguel White, were Far Eastern champions that later won Olympic bronze medals, Toribio in the high jump and White in the 400 metres hurdles. As of 2015, these remain the only athletes from that nation to have reached the Olympic podium in athletics competition.
A total of seven Far Eastern Championship Games athletes went on to win athletics medals for Japan at the Olympics. The first of these was Mikio Oda – Asia's first Olympic champion in 1928. Chuhei Nambu succeeded him to that honour four years later and Kenkichi Oshima also reached the Olympic podium that year; both had been minor medallists in the Far Eastern triple jump behind Oda. Naoto Tajima was a bronze medallist behind Oshima at the 1934 Far Eastern Championship Games but went on to become the third successive Olympic triple jump champion for Japan two years later. The 1934 runner-up Masao Harada was also the Olympic runner-up behind Tajima. Both Tajima and Nambu also won Olympic long jump medals in the 1930s. Outside of the horizontal jumps, Japanese athletes of the period also had success in the Olympic pole vault. The 1930 Far Eastern champion Shuhei Nishida was twice Olympic runner-up in 1932 then 1936. Sueo Oe, the man who succeeded him as Far Eastern gold medallist, was also on the Olympic podium in 1936.

Medal table