Bouyei people

The Bouyei, otherwise known as the Zhongjia, are an ethnic group living in Southern Mainland China. Numbering 2.5 million, they are the 11th largest of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. Some Bouyei also live in Vietnam, where they are one of that nation's 54 officially recognized ethnic groups. Despite the Chinese considering them a separate group, they consider themselves Zhuang.
The Bouyei live in semi-tropical, high-altitude forests of Guizhou Province, as well as in Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces and speak a Tai language.

Names

The Bouyei consist of various subgroups. Below are their autonyms written in the International Phonetic Alphabet with numerical Chao tones.

', 濮越
', 濮夷
', 布侬
', 补笼
', 布那
', 布土、布都
', 布央
', 布笼哈

Some clans within the Bouyei groups include:

', 布武
', 布韦
, 布鲁

In Congjiang County, Guizhou, there is a group that refer to themselves as "Buyeyi, 布也益", but are officially classified by the Chinese government as ethnic Zhuang.

Distribution

In China by county

;County-level distribution of the Bouyei, from the 2000 Chinese census

Province	Prefecture	County	Bouyei Population	% of China's Bouyei Population
Guizhou	Qiannan Buyei and Miao	Dushan	194,468	6.54%
Guizhou	Qiannan Buyei and Miao	Duyun	190,347	6.41%
Guizhou	Qianxinan Buyei and Miao	Wangmo	174,806	5.88%
Guizhou	Qiannan Buyei and Miao	Luodian	158,494	5.33%
Guizhou	Qianxinan Buyei and Miao	Ceheng	158,019	5.32%
Guizhou	Qianxinan Buyei and Miao	Anlong	139,930	4.71%
Guizhou	Qiannan Buyei and Miao	Huishui	135,943	4.58%
Guizhou	Anshun	Zhenning Buyei and Miao	131,962	4.44%
Guizhou	Qianxinan Buyei and Miao	Zhenfeng	125,058	4.21%
Guizhou	Qianxinan Buyei and Miao	Xingyi	124,901	4.2%
Guizhou	Qiannan Buyei and Miao	Pingtang	107,473	3.62%
Guizhou	Qiannan Buyei and Miao	Libo	93,681	3.15%
Guizhou	Qiannan Buyei and Miao	Guiding	92,607	3.12%
Guizhou	Anshun	Ziyun Miao and Buyei	86,513	2.91%
Guizhou	Qiannan Buyei and Miao	Changshun	81,022	2.73%
Guizhou	Anshun	Guanling Buyei and Miao	68,967	2.32%
Guizhou	Qianxinan Buyei and Miao	Qinglong	64,001	2.15%
Guizhou	Anshun	Xixiu	62,497	2.1%
Guizhou	Qianxinan Buyei and Miao	Xingren	50,210	1.69%
Guizhou	Qiannan Buyei and Miao	Sandu Shui	49,877	1.68%
Guizhou	Guiyang	Huaxi	41,446	1.4%
Guizhou	Liupanshui	Shuicheng	41,255	1.39%
Guizhou	Liupanshui	Liuzhi	35,772	1.2%
Guizhou	Qiannan Buyei and Miao	Longli	34,259	1.15%
Guizhou	Qiandongnan Miao and Dong	Majiang	33,958	1.14%
Guizhou	Anshun	Pingba	29,452	0.99%
Yunnan	Qujing	Luoping	25,152	0.85%
Guizhou	Guiyang	Qingzhen	25,017	0.84%
Guizhou	Qianxinan Buyei and Miao	Pu'an	23,639	0.8%
Guizhou	Guiyang	Wudang	23,597	0.79%
Guizhou	Guiyang	Kaiyang	22,611	0.76%
Guizhou	Guiyang	Nanming	20,608	0.69%
Guizhou	Qiannan Buyei and Miao	Fuquan	19,520	0.66%
Guizhou	Bijie	Qianxi	17,447	0.59%
Guizhou	Liupanshui	Pan	16,072	0.54%
Guizhou	Guiyang	Baiyun	15,116	0.51%
Guizhou	Anshun	Puding	15,083	0.51%
Guizhou	Bijie	Zhijin	14,512	0.49%
Guizhou	Guiyang	Yunyan	14,293	0.48%
Guizhou	Guiyang	Xiaohe	12,138	0.41%
Guizhou	Bijie	Weining Yi, Hui, and Miao	7,484	0.25%
Guizhou	Bijie	Nayong	7,222	0.24%
Guangxi	Hechi	Nandan	6,822	0.23%
Guizhou	Guiyang	Xiuwen	6,397	0.22%
Yunnan	Wenshan Zhuang and Miao	Maguan	6,085	0.21%
Guangdong	Dongguan	none	5,584	0.19%
Guizhou	Bijie	Dafang	5,294	0.18%
Guizhou	Liupanshui	Zhongshan	4,075	0.14%
Guizhou	Bijie	Jinsha	3,804	0.13%
Yunnan	Kunming	Guandu	3,582	0.12%
Yunnan	Zhaotong	Qiaojia	3,063	0.1%
Guizhou	Bijie	Hezhang	2,773	0.09%
Guizhou	Qiandongnan Miao and Dong	Kaili	2,573	0.09%
Sichuan	Liangshan Yi	Ningnan	2,353	0.08%
Yunnan	Honghe Hani and Yi	Hekou Yao	2,190	0.07%
Zhejiang	Ningbo	Cixi	2,155	0.07%
Guizhou	Guiyang	Xifeng	1,846	0.06%
Guangxi	Hechi	Huanjiang Maonan	1,833	0.06%
Guangdong	Foshan	Shunde	1,796	0.06%
Guangdong	Shenzhen	Bao'an	1,777	0.06%
Guangdong	Shenzhen	Longgang	1,745	0.06%
Yunnan	Kunming	Xishan	1,668	0.06%
Sichuan	Liangshan Yi	Huidong County, Sichuan	1,534	0.05%
Zhejiang	Jinhua	Yongkang	1,363	0.05%
Guizhou	Zunyi	Honghuagang	1,323	0.05%
Guangdong	Huizhou	Huiyang	1,227	0.04%
Zhejiang	Jinhua	Dongyang	1,222	0.04%
Yunnan	Kunming	Dongchuan	1,150	0.04%
Yunnan	Qujing	Fuyuan	1,097	0.04%
Zhejiang	Ningbo	Yuyao	1,059	0.04%
Guizhou	Qiannan Buyei and Miao	Weng'an	1,019	0.03%
Guangxi	Hechi	Tian'e	1,017	0.03%
Sichuan	Liangshan Yi	Mili Tibetan	988	0.03%
Guangdong	Huizhou	Boluo	983	0.03%
Guizhou	Qiandongnan Miao and Dong	Rongjiang	981	0.03%
Zhejiang	Quzhou	Jiangshan	854	0.03%
Zhejiang	Jinhua	Yiwu	846	0.03%
Jiangsu	Wuxi	Yixing	820	0.03%
Zhejiang	Huzhou	Changxing	797	0.03%
Yunnan	Yuxi	Hongta	790	0.03%
Guizhou	Bijie	Qixingguan	789	0.03%
Zhejiang	Shaoxing	Shangyu	785	0.03%
Guizhou	Qiandongnan Miao and Dong	Danzhai	778	0.03%
Zhejiang	Taizhou	Wenling	760	0.03%
Guangdong	Foshan	Nanhai	737	0.03%
Guangdong	Guangzhou	Baiyun	641	0.02%
Guangdong	Guangzhou	Panyu	638	0.02%
Zhejiang	Hangzhou	Fuyang	632	0.02%
Fujian	Quanzhou	Jinjiang	596	0.02%
Yunnan	Xishuangbanna Dai	Mengla	596	0.02%
Zhejiang	Wenzhou	Rui'an	594	0.02%
Yunnan	Qujing	Qilin	589	0.02%
Guangdong	Zhongshan	none	585	0.02%
Guizhou	Zunyi	Renhuai	575	0.02%
Zhejiang	Jinhua	Pujiang	548	0.02%
Guangxi	Bose	Tianlin	538	0.02%
Zhejiang	Wenzhou	Ouhai	506	0.02%
Guangxi	Yulin	Rong	506	0.02%
Guangxi	Hechi	Jinchengjiang	501	0.02%
Yunnan	Honghe Hani and Yi	Gejiu	501	0.02%
Zhejiang	Shaoxing	Shaoxing	498	0.02%
Yunnan	Kunming	Wuhua	483	0.02%
Guizhou	Zunyi	Zunyi	465	0.02%
Zhejiang	Wenzhou	Yueqing	453	0.02%
Jiangsu	Changzhou	Liyang	440	0.02%
Guangxi	Bose	Leye	439	0.01%
Guangxi	Yulin	Xingye	423	0.01%
Hebei	Tangshan	Luannan	416	0.01%
Guangxi	Bose	Xilin	410	0.01%
Guangxi	Yulin	Yuzhou	400	0.01%
Guangdong	Chaozhou	Xiangqiao	398	0.01%
Guangdong	Maoming	Gaozhou	397	0.01%
Zhejiang	Ningbo	Yinzhou	395	0.01%
Yunnan	Kunming	Anning	391	0.01%
Guangxi	Liuzhou	Liunan	389	0.01%
Zhejiang	Hangzhou	Xiaoshan	388	0.01%
Fujian	Zhangzhou	Longhai	382	0.01%
Guangdong	Maoming	Dianbai	381	0.01%
Guizhou	Tongren	Shiqian	376	0.01%
Zhejiang	Shaoxing	Zhuji	373	0.01%
Hebei	Tangshan	Qian'an	351	0.01%
Beijing	none	Haidian	348	0.01%
Yunnan	Kunming	Panlong	347	0.01%
Guizhou	Tongren	Bijiang	338	0.01%
Guizhou	Qiandongnan Miao and Dong	Liping	337	0.01%
Zhejiang	Hangzhou	Yuhang	336	0.01%
Guizhou	Qiandongnan Miao and Dong	Congjiang	336	0.01%
Hebei	Baoding	Yi	334	0.01%
Guangxi	Guigang	Gangbei	331	0.01%
Zhejiang	Jinhua	Lanxi	330	0.01%
Guizhou	Qiandongnan Miao and Dong	Huangping	329	0.01%
Jiangsu	Wuxi	Jiangyin	312	0.01%
Guangxi	Bose	Longlin	305	0.01%
Guangdong	Shenzhen	Nanshan	301	0.01%
Other			73,219	2.46%

In Vietnam

;Province-level distribution of the Bố Y, from the 2009 Census

Province	Bố Y Population	% of Vietnam's Bố Y Population
Lào Cai	1,398	61.5%
Hà Giang	808	35.5%
Other	67	2.9%

Language

The Bouyei speak the Bouyei language, which is very close to Standard Zhuang language. There is a dialect continuum between these two. The Bouyei language has its own written form which was created by linguists in the 1950s based on the Latin alphabet and with spelling conventions similar for the Pinyin system that had been devised to romanise Mandarin Chinese.

History

The Bouyei are the native Tai peoples of the plains of Guizhou. They are one of the oldest peoples of China, living in the area for more than 2,000 years.
Prior to the establishment of the Tang dynasty, the Bouyei and Zhuang were linked together; the differences between both ethnic groups grew greater and from year 900 already they were two different groups.
The Qing dynasty abolished the system of local heads and commanded in its place to officials of the army which caused a change in the local economy; from then on, the land was in the hands of a few landowners, which caused the population to revolt. During the Nanlong Rebellion of 1797, the Bouyei underwent a strong repression that caused many of them to emigrate to faraway Vietnam.

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