As a freshman in 2012, Rodón went 9–0 with a 1.57 ERA setting the North Carolina State University freshman record with 135 strikeouts and 43 walks in 117 innings pitched. He was the NCBWA Freshman Pitcher of the Year and an All-American. He was the first ever freshman to be named the Atlantic Coast Conference's pitcher of the year and freshman of the year after leading the North Carolina State Wolfpack to a super regional and a 43–20 overall record. In addition he was also a finalist for the Golden Spikes Award and was named the Louisville Slugger's National Freshman Pitcher of the Year. He led the Atlantic Coast Conference in ERA, innings pitched, complete games, and opponent's batting average finishing second in the conference and third nationally in strikeouts. In the 2013 season, Rodón led NC State to their first College World Series since 1968. In Rodón's sophomore season, he went 10–3 with a 2.99 ERA in 19 starts. In those 19 starts, Rodón struck out 184 batters and walked only 45. He had three complete games in innings pitched. Rodón's sophomore performance set the NC State single-season record with 184 strikeouts. He was also named ACC Pitcher of the Week back-to-back after recording career-highs of 14 and 16 strikeouts against FAU and LaSalle. He won the USA Baseball Richard W. "Dick" Case Player of the Year Award in 2013. As a junior, Rodón broke the NC State school record for career strikeouts, which had previously been 386, during an April 11, 2014 game against the Duke Blue Devils He finished his career with 436. For the 2014 season, Rodón's record was 6–7 with a 2.01 ERA and 117 strikeouts in innings.
International career
After his freshman year, Rodón earned a spot on USA Baseball's Collegiate National Team. Originally, he almost turned down the offer because his coach at North Carolina State University, Elliott Avent, had intentions of shutting him down for the summer. However, the offer was too good to refuse because Rodón would have had the opportunity to play in Cuba, where his family is from. After his sophomore year, Team USA once again had him listed as a top prospect and Rodón spent the summer of 2013 playing for the team. Over the past two seasons on Team USA, Rodón allowed only three earned runs over 36 innings and contributed 42 strikeouts for the team.
On April 20, 2015, Rodón was called up to the Sox major league roster. The initial plan was to work Rodón out of the bullpen in the same way the team first used starter Chris Sale. Rodón made his Major League debut on April 21. He pitched 2.1 innings, giving up 2 runs, walked 3 batters, and struck out Lonnie Chisenhall for his first Major League strikeout. He recorded his first start, and his first win, in the second game of a May 9 doubleheader against the Cincinnati Reds at US Cellular Field, giving up two earned runs in six innings on four hits, four walks and eight strikeouts. In 26 games, Rodón finished 9-6 with a 3.75 ERA. On July 9, 2016, Rodón was placed on the 15-day disabled list due to a left wrist sprain. In 28 starts, Rodón finished 9-10 with an ERA of 4.04 in 165 innings. For the 2017 season, Rodón spent time on the disabled list, only being able to start in 12 games for the White Sox. He began the 2018 season on the 60 day disabled list with a shoulder injury. He was activated off the disabled list on June 9. On March 18, 2019, the team announced he would be the Opening day starter. On May 13, 2019, it was announced he would undergo Tommy John surgery and be out the remainder of the 2019 season.
