Châteauneuf-en-Thymerais
Châteauneuf-en-Thymerais is a commune Eure-et-Loir department in northern France.
The commune was once an important stronghold reigning over the whole natural and historic province of Thymerais.
Born of the fierce determination of his first lords to face the threat weighed the Duke of Normandy on the Kingdom of France, and devastated much debated over the ages, the castle was eventually demolished, but the city remained. It gradually lost its importance and the feud was the center of which she was dismembered so that it became a barony in the eighteenth century was far from having the same extent in the thirteenth century.
The city known since the end of second war a fragile revival by taking advantage of its location due to its proximity to Paris and employment areas of Chartres and Dreux. It managed to attract some industrial enterprises to retain part of its business while achieving a low but steady demographic development. Already head of Canton, belonging to the Country Drouais the city became in 2003 the center of the Community of communes of Thymerais.
Geography
Former capital of Thymerais having taken over this status from its neighbor Thimert, Châteauneuf-en-Thymerais is located south of Normandy and Drouais, west and north of the Beauce and Chartrain and east of the Perche. The city was built following the vicissitudes of history in a forested area called, around 600 or even at a much earlier period, the Perche. This designation did not yet apply at the early eleventh century to the political or administrative divisions. However, the woodland region of the Perche was divided between the County of Corbon, the Barony of Châteauneuf, the county and bishopric of Chartres, the Viscounty of Châteaudun and County of Vendôme. Progressive clearing of this forest caused the retreat of the Perche, giving place to the Thymerais. A crossroads, the town is now the headquarters of the canton and the center of the community of communes of the Thymerais.History
In 1058, Albert Ribaud, lord of Thymerais, who took a stand against William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy and future king of England, the latter seized Thimert and left there a governor, but the following year, Henry I. King of France, he took up the castle and razed. It was reconstructed by Gaston, brother of Albert Ribaud built a short distance in a clearing in the woods, a fort named Chastel-neuf. It was formed around a village of the same name, which soon became the capital of Thymerais.From a standpoint feudal, in 1200 the Thymerais formed one great fief whose center was Châteauneuf-en-thymerais. The Châtellerie Châteauneuf-en-Thymerais covered an area roughly bounded by the north Avre river and Eure River south and east. The Châtellerie covered more than 80 villages within these limits but also villages in Eure: Acon, Armentieres-sur-Avre in Saint-Martin-du-Vieux-Verneuil, Saint-Victor-sur-Avre, and the Department of Orne: Charencey, Moussonvilliers, Normandel and La Trinite-sur-Avre, all in Township of Tourouvre.
Hughes who married Mabile, daughter of Roger de Montgomery and Mabile de Bellême, gave asylum to Châteauneuf, Robert Courteheuse, rebelled against his father after a quarrel with his brothers and the failure to take the Castle of Rouen. William the Conqueror came to then, in 1078, the headquarters of Regmalard, which eventually surrender. He was accompanied Rotrou III, Count of Perche, Count of Mortagne, lord of Regmalard.
The castle was sacked in 1169 by King Henry I of England, following the destruction of Chennebrun, located on the left bank of the Avre the previous year by the King of France. The castle was again attacked by Henry II of England, who burned the fortress, but it was rebuilt in 1189 by Hughes III du Chatel, lord of Thymerais. Hughes III received the castle of King Louis VII of France on the occasion of the inauguration of the fair of Saint-Jacques Boutaincourt. St. Thomas Chapel was built at that time in the suburbs of the town. Closed for worship since the French Revolution, she was raised in honor of St. Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Cantorbéy.
In 1269, King Louis IX of France or St. Louis, came to Thimert went to the castle of Châteauneuf. At that time, a major exhibition under the patronage of Saint-Arnoult, held in July in a suburb of the city, behind Grande Noé.
Châteauneuf was erected in 1314 in peerage barony-vassal of the Kingdom of France, under the Tower of the Louvre. The barony was then composed of four castellanies: Châteauneuf, Brezolles, Senonches and Champrond en Gâtine. The lordship of Champrond en Gastine was acquired in June 1310 by Charles I Count of Alençon and Perche, through an exchange with Enguerrand de Marigny, the king's chamberlain, and Havis de Mons, his wife, who held it for Gaucher de Chatillon, Comte de Ponthieu. The barony of Châteauneuf-en-Thimerais stayed home Alençon until its extinction in 1525 with Charles IV of Alençon.
During the Hundred Years War, the Bourguignons, under the command of Maréchal de Longny took the city. Recovery thereafter, she was again captured by Warwick in 1418, and Henry V of England installed there one of his lieutenants. The city was finally taken over by Jean II, Duke of Alençon after the battle of Verdun in 1424.
Later, Henry IV of France establishes a bailliage in the early seventeenth century.
In August 1449, King Charles VII of France came to Châteauneuf and stayed three days at the castle.
On the death of Charles IV of Alençon in 1525, the king seize their land, most of whom had been given to its prerogative and ancestors had, for lack of male descendants, return to the Crown under the law of appendages. But the barony of Châteauneuf was not part of the prerogative of the Duc d'Alençon. Count Charles II of Alençon had inherited the barony third of his brother Louis, Count of Chartres, by sharing in 1335 and Pierre II of Alençon had acquired the other two thirds in 1370, finally was acquired by Champrond Charles, in 1310, and the two sisters of the Duke Charles, Françoise of Alençon, wife of Charles IV de Bourbon, duke of Vendome, and Anne of Alençon, Marquise of Montferrat, opposed the seizure by the king of the assets of their brother. There followed a trial that was not completed until 1563 by a double transaction between King Charles IX of France and the descendants of Anne and Françoise d'Alençon, which the king accepted their claims in restoring the barony of Châteauneuf-in-Thimerais. This was divided among the heirs of Françoise d'Alençon, who took Champrond and Châteauneuf and Louis de Gonzague, grandson of Anne of Alençon, Marquise of Montferrat received the cities, towns and castellanies Senonches and Brezolles en Thimerais who were distracted from the barony of Châteauneuf. In February 1500 King Charles IX was erected and the lordships of Brezolles Senonches, sold under the name in the principality of Mantua, in favor of Louis de Gonzague, father of Charles and were erected into a principality under the name of Mantua.
In 1591, the Comte de Soissons, plundered the castle along with those of Arpentigny and La Ferte-Vidame.
The castle was never rebuilt and returned to the royal domain Châteauneuf annexe and lords who resided Maillebois until about half of the eighteenth century. The stronghold was Thymerais meanwhile gradually dismantled so that by the late eighteenth century the barony of Châteauneuf-en-Thymerais was nowhere near the same extent in the thirteenth century.
In the late eighteenth century was a Châteauneuf dependence of the election of Verneuil-sur-Avre and generality of Alençon.
She was chief town of the district from 1790 to 1795. She took the name of Puy-la-Montagne to the revolutionary era.
The last traces of the castle moat, were gradually filled during the nineteenth century. The last traces of them were erased in the first half of the twentieth century to make way for new roads.
In the twentieth century the city had to suffer bombardment during the year 1940. The war was over, Châteauneuf saw the arrival of families of U.S. soldiers housed in a subdivision south of the city and worked for many of them on the U.S. air base south of Crucey Brezolles. They left in 1966 when the subtraction of French forces in integrated military command of NATO decided by De Gaulle in fact expelling U.S. bases in the territory.