Marcheshvan, sometimes shortened to Cheshvan, is the second month of the civil year, and the eighth month of the ecclesiastical year on the Hebrew calendar. In a regular year, Marcheshvan has 29 days, but because of the Rosh Hashanah postponement rules, in some years, an additional day is added to Marcheshvan to make the year a "full" year. Marcheshvan is an autumn month which occurs in October–November in the Gregorian calendar. Compared to its Akkadian etymon waraḫsamnu, the name Marḥešvan displays the same lenition of ungeminated to found in other month names. Uniquely to this name the initial has also changed to, giving the overall effect of a metathesis. In the modern form, with the connection to the roots "moon, month" w-r-ḥ and "eight" š-m-n no longer apparent, the first two letters have been re-interpreted as the Hebrew word for bitter, alluding to the fact that the month has no holidays or fasts. The Ethiopian Jewish community celebrates Sigd on the 29th day of Marcheshvan, as recognized by the Israeli Knesset in July 2008. The Hebrew Bible, before the Babylonian Exile, refers to the month as Bul. In Sidon, the reference to Bul is also made on the Sarcophaugus of Eshmunazar II dated to the early 5th century BC.
Events in Marcheshvan
7 Marcheshvan – V'tein Tal u-Matar, a prayer, is added to the Shemoneh Esrei prayers in Israel. If no rain has fallen by the 17th of the month, special prayers are added for rain.
Bahab – According to most minhagim, on the first Sabbath of Cheshvan, a prayer is recited on behalf of all those who are going to fast on Bahab. Bahab, or in Hebrew, stands for 2, 5, 2, i.e., Monday, Thursday, and another Monday. On the Monday, Thursday, and second Monday after the Sabbath, the minhag is to fast and/or to recite penitential prayers called Selichot. According to Minhag Ashkenaz, the second Monday of Bahab is the Monday before Rosh Chodesh Kislev, the Thursday is the Thursday preceding that, the first Monday is the Monday preceding that, and the Sabbath in which the prayer is recited is the Sabbath preceding that. Bahab is also observed at the beginning of Iyar.
16 Marcheshvan – Kristallnacht/Pogromnacht: 1,400 synagogues and numerous copies of the Tanakh are purposefully and systematically set on fire and allowed to burn inNazi Germany