Chevrolet small-block engine


The Chevrolet small-block engine is a series of V8 automobile engines used in normal production by the Chevrolet division of General Motors between 1954 and 2003, using the same basic engine block. Referred to as a "small-block" for its comparative size relative to the physically much larger Chevrolet big-block engines, the family spanned from to in displacement. Engineer Ed Cole is credited with leading the design for this engine.
Generation I and Generation II LT engines are distinct from subsequent LS based small-block engines. The Generation II engine is largely an improved version of the Generation I, having many interchangeable parts and dimensions. Later generation engines have only the rod bearings, transmission-to-block bolt pattern and bore spacing in common with the Generation I and II engines.
Production of the original small-block began in late 1954 for the 1955 model year, with a displacement of, growing over time to by 1970. Among the intermediate displacements were the,, and numerous versions. Introduced as a performance engine in 1967, the 350 went on to be employed in both high- and low-output variants across the entire Chevrolet product line.
Although all of Chevrolet's siblings of the period designed their own V8s, it was the Chevrolet small-block that became the GM corporate standard. Over the years, every American General Motors division except Saturn and Geo used it and its descendants in their vehicles.
Finally superseded by the Generation III LS in the 1997 and discontinued in 2003, the engine is still made by a GM subsidiary in Mexico as a crate engine for replacement and hot rodding purposes. In all, over 100,000,000 small-blocks have been built in carbureted and fuel injected forms since 1955 as of November 29, 2011. The small-block family line was honored as one of the 10 Best Engines of the 20th Century by automotive magazine Ward's AutoWorld.
In February 2008 a Wisconsin businessman reported that his 1991 Chevrolet C1500 pickup had logged over 1 million miles without any major repairs to its small block V8 engine..

Overview

The first generation of Chevrolet small-blocks began with the 1955 Chevrolet 265 cu in V8 offered in the Corvette and Bel Air. It quickly gained popularity among stock car racers, nicknamed the "Mighty Mouse", for the then-popular cartoon character, later abbreviated to "Mouse". By 1957 it had grown to. Fitted with the optional Rochester mechanical fuel injection, it was one of the first production engines to make per. The 283 was adopted by other Chevrolets, replacing the 265 V8s. A high-performance variant followed, turning out as much as and raising horsepower per cubic inch to. From 1954 to 1974, the small-block engine was known as the "Turbo-Fire" or "High Torque" V8. But it was the series that became the best known Chevrolet small-block. Installed in everything from station wagons to sports cars, in commercial vehicles, and even in boats and airplanes, it is the most widely used small-block of all time. Though not offered in GM vehicles since 2003, the 350 series is still in production at General Motors' Toluca, Mexico, plant under the company's "Mr. Goodwrench" brand, and is also manufactured as an industrial and marine engine by GM Powertrain under the "Vortec" name.

3.875 in. bore family (1955–1973)

All Chevrolet V8s, from the big-blocks to today's LS7 and LS9, evolved from the small-block family. Of the three engines in this family, two of them, the 265 and the 283, have gone down in automotive history. The first of this family was the 265, introduced in 1954. The 265 had a bore. The stroke of the 265 was, like the 283. The 283, famous for being one of the first engines to make one hp per cubic inch, is also famous for being the evolutionary stepping stone that would later give rise to small blocks and to the "W" blocks, ultimately culminating in the Chevrolet big-blocks. The last of this family was the, which was a stroked 283 with a medium journal.

265

The "Turbo-Fire" V8 was the first Chevrolet small-block, although the first Chevrolet V8 was produced from 1917 to 1918. Designed by Ed Cole's group at Chevrolet to provide a more powerful engine for the 1955 Corvette than the model's original " Blue Flame" in-line six, the 2-barrel debut version went from drawings to production in just 15 weeks.
Cole's design borrowed the valve train design scheduled to be used at the time in the Pontiac V8. Internal GM rules at that time were that once an automotive division had introduced a technological innovation no other GM division could use it for a period of two years. The stud mounted independent ball rocker arm design patented by Pontiac engineer Clayton Leach was scheduled for introduction in the Pontiac 1955 V8. GM forced the Pontiac division to share its valvetrain design in Chevrolet's new 265 V8 in 1955, so that in the end both engines were introduced the same year with the same valve train design. A side note to Pontiac's V-8 was the engine was supposed to be introduced on 1953 cars, and all 53 & 54 Pontiac's chassis and suspension were designed for the engine that didn't make it into a Pontiac until late 1954. The reason this happened is that Buick division lobbied the corporation to hold back Pontiac's release because it affected Buick's release of the new Buick V-8.
A pushrod engine with hydraulic lifters, the small-block was available with an optional four-barrel Rochester carburetor, increasing engine output to, or in the Corvette. The short-stroke bore x stroke engine's bore spacing would continue in use for decades.
Also available in the Bel Air sedan, the basic passenger car version produced with a two-barrel carburetor. Upgraded to a four-barrel Rochester, dual exhaust "Power Pack" version, the engine was conservatively rated at, and with the "Super Power Pack" it was boosted up to the power level of the Corvette.
A shortcoming of the 1955 265 was its lack of any provision for oil filtration built into the block, instead relying on an add-on filter mounted on the thermostat housing, and that was an "option only". In spite of its novel green sand foundry construction, the '55 block's lack of adequate oil filtration leaves it typically only desirable to period collectors.
The 1956 Corvette introduced three versions of this engine – with a single 4-barrel carburetor, with twin 4-barrels, and with two four-barrel carburetors and a high-lift camshaft.

283

The V8 engine was bored out to in 1957, giving it a displacement. The first 283 motors used the stock 265 blocks. However, the overbore to these blocks resulted in thin cylinder walls. Future 283 blocks were recast to accept the 3.875 bore. Five different versions between and were available, depending on whether a single carb, twin carbs, or fuel injection was used. Fuel injection yielded the most power topping out at in 1961. Horsepower was up a bit each year for 1958, 1959, and 1960. The 1957 Rochester Ramjet mechanical fuel injection version produced an even one hp per one cu in, an impressive feat at the time. This was the third U.S.-built production V8 to produce one horsepower per cubic inch.
Besides being available in the Chevrolet line, it was optional in Checker Taxis beginning in 1965.
A version of it that was built by GM Canada was also available in Studebaker vehicles produced in Canada for 1965 & 1966.

307

A version was produced from 1968 through 1973. Engine bore and stroke was. All 307s had large journals - the crankshaft is sourced from the 327. Pistons used with the 307 share the same pin height as the 327 but retaining the 283s bore size.

4.000 in bore family (1962–2002)

Originally intended as the performance block, this engine family through the became an all purpose engine that saw use in many applications from Corvettes to vans. All engines in this family share the same block dimensions and sometimes even the same casting number; the latter meaning engines were of the same block, but with different strokes. This engine family was updated in 1968 for the use of medium-sized journals. The first engine in this family was the small journal 327 in 1962 and the last being 2000s medium journal 350 in pickup trucks and commercial vehicles. The medium journal 350 was further developed into the Generation II LT1/4 350 in the early 1990s.

302

In 1966, General Motors designed a special engine for the production Z/28 Camaro in order for it to meet the Sports Car Club of America Trans-Am Series road racing rules limiting engine displacement to from 1967 to 1969. It was the product of placing the stroke crankshaft into a bore cylinder-block. The 1967 302 used the same nodular cast-iron crankshaft as the 283, with a forged steel crank that was also produced. This block is one of three displacements, 302/327/350, that underwent a crankshaft bearing diameter transformation for 1968 when the rod-journal size was increased from the diameter small-journal to a large-journal and a main-journal size that was increased from to. DZ 302.
The large-journal connecting rods were thicker and used diameter cap-bolts to replace the small-journal's 11/32. 1968 blocks were made in 2-bolt and 4-bolt versions with the 4-bolt center-three main caps each fastened by two additional bolts which were supported by the addition of heavier crankcase main-web bulkheads. When the journal size increased to the standard large-journal size, the crankshaft for the 302 was specially built of tufftride-hardened forged 1053-steel and fitted with a high-rpm diameter harmonic balancer. It had a 3/4-length semi-circular windage tray, heat-treated, magnafluxed, shot-peened forged 1038-steel 'pink' connecting rods, floating-pin in '69, forged-aluminum pistons with higher scuff-resistance and better sealing single-moly rings.
Its solid-lifter cam, known as the "30-30 Duntov" cam named after its /0.030 in hot intake/exhaust valve-lash and Zora Arkus-Duntov the "Father of the Corvette", was also used in the 1964-1965 carbureted 327/365 and fuel injected 327/375 engines. It used the '202' / valve diameter high-performance 327 double-hump '461 heads, pushrod guide plates, hardened 'blue-stripe' pushrods, edge-orifice lifters to keep more valvetrain oil in the crankcase for high-rpm lubrication, and stiffer valvesprings. In 1967, a new design high-rise cast-aluminum dual-plane intake manifold with larger smoother turn runners was introduced for the Z/28 that the LT-1
1969 Corvette and 1970 Z/28 engines were equipped with a Holley carburetor until the Q-jet carburetor returned in 1973. Unlike the Corvette, the exhaust manifolds were the more restrictive rear outlet 'log' design to clear the Camaro chassis's front cross-member. It had a chrome oil filler tube in the front of the intake manifold next to the thermostat housing from 1967 to 1968. The first year had unique chrome valve covers with Chevrolet stamped into them without an engine displacement decal pad. In 1968, the engine had the chrome covers, but without the Chevrolet name, connected to a PCV valve and a chrome drop-base open-element air cleaner assembly fitted with a crankcase breather on a vacuum secondary Holley 4-Bbl carburetor. A 'divorced' exhaust crossover port heated well-choke thermostat coil was used to provide cleaner and faster engine warm-up. Its single-point distributor had an ignition point cam designed to reduce point bounce at high rpm along with a vacuum diaphragm to advance ignition timing at idle and part-throttle for economy and emissions.
Pulleys for the balancer, alternator, water-pump, as well as optional power steering, were deep-groove to retain the drive belt at high rpm. In 1969, the 302 shared the finned cast aluminium valve covers with the LT-1 350 Corvette engine. Conservatively rated at at 5800 rpm and at 4800, actual output with its production 11.0:1 compression ratio was around with primary x collector Sanderson tubular headers that came in the trunk when ordered with a 1967 Z/28, and associated carburetor main jet and ignition timing tuning. In 1968, the last year for factory headers, they had primaries x collectors. A stock 1968 Z/28 with the close-ratio transmission, optional transistorized-ignition and 4.88 gear, fitted with little more than the factory cowl plenum cold-air hood induction and headers, was capable of running 12.9 second/ Dragstrip| times on street tires.
After the 1967 Trans-Am campaign with the 4-Bbl induction system producing more horsepower than the competing auto makers' 8-Bbl systems, for 1968 Chevrolet developed a factory 'cross-ram' aluminum intake-manifold package using two Holley mechanical secondary carburetors for Trans-Am racing. It was available only as off-road service parts purchased over the Chevrolet dealership parts counter. With the Chevrolet '140 1st-design off-road cam, the package increased a stock 302's horsepower from to approximately. Chevrolet went so far as to carry the positive crankcase ventilation system over to the cross-ram induction system to retain emissions compliance mandated for US-produced cars beginning in 1967, that also provided full-throttle crankcase pressure venting to the intake air to burn its vapors.
Engines prepared for competition use were capable of producing with little more than the 8-Bbl induction, ported heads with higher pressure valvesprings, roller rocker arms, and the '754 2nd-design road-race cam. 1967/1968 models' cowl-induction system had an enclosed air-cleaner assembly ducted from its passenger side into the firewall cowl above the heater core.
In 1969, factory Z/28's could be ordered with the ZL-1 aluminum-block 427 adaption of the 1967 L-88 427 Corvette cowl-induction 'ZL-2' hood available for both single and dual four-barrel induction systems that were sealed to the air cleaner base ensuring dense cooler, high-pressure, oxygen-laiden air from the center of the base of the windshield was supplied to the engine for combustion smoothness and maximum power production.
Another popular service-parts-only component used on the 302 was the magnetic-pulse Delco transistor-ignition ball bearing distributor. Introduced in 1963 on Pontiac's drag racing engines, General Motors fitted it to the 1967 Z/28 before they used it on the L88 Corvette. It eliminated the production breaker-point ignition allowing greater spark energy and more stable ignition timing at all engine speeds including idle. This was one of the least talked about yet most transformative and comprehensive performance and durability upgrades of its time. Many of the 302s off-road service parts were the development work of racers like Roger Penske. Every part in a SCCA Trans-Am engine had to be available through local Chevrolet parts departments to encourage their use by anyone who wanted them.
While the 302 became a strong Limited Sportsman oval track racing engine in the hands of racers like Bud Lunsford in his 1966 Chevy II, its bore/stroke and rod/stroke geometries made it a natural high-rpm road-racing engine and were responsible for its being among the more reliable production street engines homologated for full competition across all the American makes, winning back-to-back Trans-Am Championships at the hands of Mark Donohue in 1968 and 1969. However, with engines built by Al Bartz, Falconer & Dunn and Traco Engineering, the pinnacle of the 302's use in professional racing was its being the primary engine that powered the outstanding but overshadowed 1968-1976 Formula 5000 Championship Series, a SCCA Formula A open-wheel class designed for lower cost.
The engine was also popular in Formula 5000 racing around the world, especially in Australia and New Zealand where it proved more powerful than the Repco-Holden V8. Weighing, with a iron block and head engine positioned near the car's polar moment of inertia for responsive turn pivoting, a Hewland 5-spd. magnesium transaxle, and wide front/ wide rear magnesium wheels, it produced incredibly exciting racing. They ran in 2.8 seconds and over.
Reminiscing about the series, mid-70s Australian F5000 driver Bruce Allison said, "We never used first gear at the start. We started in second, and even then there was so much torque, you'd get wheelspin through third and fourth gears." Prepared with a Lucas-McKay mechanically timed individual-stack magnesium fuel-injection induction system that was paired with ported production car double-hump iron heads, a rev-kit fitted roller lifter camshaft, roller bearing rocker arms, and a virtually stock production crankshaft, it had a lasting impact on the series' ability to conduct high car-count finishes and close competition events by the degree of mechanical success it provided to a series filled with star international Grand Prix drivers like David Hobbs, Brian Redman, Jody Scheckter and Mario Andretti.

327

The V8, introduced in 1962, had a bore of and a stroke of. The exact displacement is. Power ranged from depending on the choice of carburetor or fuel injection, camshaft, cylinder heads, pistons and intake manifold. In 1962, the Duntov solid lifter cam versions produced, with single Carter 4-barrel, and, with Rochester fuel-injection. In 1964, horsepower increased to for the newly named L-76 version, and for the fuel injected L-84, making the L-84 the most powerful naturally aspirated, single-cam, production small block V8 until the appearance of the, Generation III LS6 in 2001. This block is one of three displacements that underwent a major change in 1968 when the main journal size was increased from. In 1965 Chevrolet released the now-legendary L-79, which was nothing more than an L-76, but with the 30-30 Duntov cam replaced by the No. 151 hydraulic cam.
In 1966, Checker began offering the 327 as an option. The Avanti II and its successors were powered by the 327 and later versions of the small-block V8.
The 327 was fitted in the English Gordon Keeble. 99 cars were made between 1964 and 1967. It was also installed in many Isos, until 1972 when General Motors started demanding cash in advance and the Italian manufacturer switched to the Ford Cleveland V8.
In 1968, the 327 L73 developing was part of the CKD packages exported to Australia from Canada for use in the locally assembled Chevrolet Impala and Pontiac Parisienne. GMH used the same specification engine in the Holden HK Monaro GTS327. The engine was used in the Monaro GTS327 to make it the new Holden Muscle Car, and so it could compete in the local improved production. The car had modified suspension just before release to also be used in local Series Production racing. A special build 327 was built for GMH for the final run of the HK GTS327 by the Canadian McKinnon Industries. It was a lower compression version of the 1968 engine first used on the HK GTS327, and was dressed as a 1969 engine sporting all 1969 parts. The 327 was replaced in the mid 1969 HT Monaro by the 350 L48 developing.

350

The, with a stroke, first appeared as a high-performance L-48 option for the 1967 Camaro. The exact displacement is. One year later it was made available in the Chevrolet Nova, and finally in 1969 the rest of the Chevrolet line could be ordered with a 350. As had been the case with earlier versions of the small-block, the 350 was available in the Beaumont sold by Pontiac Canada, which unlike its US counterparts, used Chevrolet chassis and drivelines.
Many variants followed.

L46

Years: 1969-1970
The L46 became an optional engine for the 1969 Chevrolet Corvette. It was a higher performance version of the base V8 with casting number 186 valve heads and had an 11.0:1 compression ratio requiring high octane gas and produced. It was also available in 1970 with 4bbl Quadrajet carburetor and L46 hydraulic cam, dome piston, 186 heads, and a four-bolt block.

L48

Years: 1967–1980
The L48 is the original, solely available for 1967 in the Super Sport version of Camaro or Chevy II/Nova in 1968–1979. In 1969 it was used in almost all car lines; Camaros, Caprices, Impalas, El Caminos, Chevelles & Novas. The 1969 L48s use a hydraulic cam, 4bbl Quadrajet carburetor, cast pistons, 4-bolt main casting number 010 Blocks & casting number 041 or 186 heads. Power output was SAE and torque. Compression ratio was 10.25:1. The compression ratio of the L48 was lowered to 8.5:1 in 1971.
In 1972 the L48 option for the Nova was part of the SS package. This is indicated by the fifth digit in the VIN being a K. Nineteen seventy-two was the only year the SS package could be verified by the VIN.
The L48 engine was exported to Australia, where it appeared in the Holden Monaro from 1969 through 1974, and in the Statesman from 1971 through 1974. Towards the end of the HQ series in 1973–74, due to US emissions regulations, the performance of these engines had dropped to the same or lower than Holden's locally manufactured V8, which was not yet subject to similar regulations, so Holden discontinued using the engine.
The L48 V8 was the standard engine in the 1975–1980 Chevrolet Corvette. The L48 V8 Corvette engine produced in 1975. Power increased to in 1976 and stayed the same in 1977. The 1978 saw for California or high altitude areas and for everywhere else. Power increased to in 1979 and decreased to in 1980.

L65

The 1970 model year Camaro had a 250HP High Performance 2bbl Rockchester carburetor. 1971 it dropped to 245HP, 1972 it had 165 net HP, 1973-1975 it had 145 net HP. It was basically the 2bbl version of the L48 350. It was produced until the 1976 model year. It had 255 lb/ft of torque.

LM1

The LM1 is the base 350 cu in with a 4-barrel carburetor engine in passenger cars to 1979 as a retail option and police package 9C1 A/G and B-bodies until 1988 retail market GM rear wheel drive/V8s sold to the general public had a maximum 5.0 liters displacement with the exception of its muscle car survivors e.g. Corvette and F-bodies. Throughout its lifespan, it used mechanical ignition points, electronic, or computer-controlled spark system, and conventional or feedback carburetors.
The LM1 was superseded by the L05 powerplant after 1988.

ZQ3

Years: 1969-1974
The ZQ3 is the standard engine in the 1969–1974 Chevrolet Corvette.
In 1969 and 1970 it was a version of the small-block, with 10.25:1 compression and hydraulic lifters. It used a Rochester "4MV" Quadra-Jet 4-barrel carburetor and a L48 camshaft.
In 1971, power decreased to and of torque with a lower 8.5:1 compression. 1972 saw and of torque. In 1973 power decreased to, but increased slightly in 1974 to.
Post-1971 blocks possibly had a lower nickel content but thicker cylinder deck, and post 1974 heads of the small block Chevrolet used less iron, and were lighter weight, crack-prone, and were less powerful because of the lower compression ratios used.

LT-1

Years: 1970–1972
The LT-1 was the ultimate V8, becoming available in 1970. It used solid lifters, 11.0:1 compression, the "178" high-performance camshaft, and a Holley four-barrel carburetor on a special aluminum intake, with rams' horn exhaust manifolds in the Corvette, Delco transistor ignition and a low-restriction exhaust factory rated at in the Corvette, and at 6000 rpm and at 4000 in the Camaro Z28. Redline was 6,500 rpm but power fell off significantly past 6,200 rpm. The LT-1 was available in the Corvette, and Camaro Z28. Power was down in 1971 to dual-rated / and of torque with 9.0:1 compression, and again in 1972 to and.

L82

Years: 1973–1980
The 1973–1974 L82 was a "performance" version of the 350 that still used the casting number 624 76cc chamber "2.02" heads but with a Rochester Quadra-jet 4bbl carburetor and dual-plane aluminum intake manifold, the earlier L46 350 hydraulic-lifter cam, and 9.0:1 compression forged-aluminum pistons producing and of torque. Its cast-aluminum LT-1 valvecovers were painted crinkle-black contrasting with the aluminum manifold and distributor housing. It was down to and of torque for 1975. It produced in the Corvette for 1976–1977. The 1978 L82 recovered somewhat, producing and in the Corvette and in 1979 it produced in the Corvette. In 1980, its final year, it produced a peak of. This engine was also available on the Chevrolet Camaro in 1973 and 1974.

L81

Years: 1981
The L81 was the only Corvette engine for 1981. It produced and of torque from 8.2:1 compression, exactly the same as the 1980 L48, but added hotter cam and computer control spark advance, replacing the vacuum advance. The L81 was the first Corvette engine to employ a "smart carburetor." The 1980 Rochester Quadrajet was modified to allow electronic mixture control, and an ECM supplied with data from an exhaust oxygen sensor, modified the fuel-air mixture being fed to the engine.

LS9

Years: 1969-1986
The LS9 was GM's 350 cubic inch truck engine used in C/K/G 10/20 models under GVWR. The LS9 used a Rochester 4 bbl carburetor, and its power ratings for 1984 were at 3800 rpm, and torque at 1600 rpm. A version using a closed-loop carburetor was used with the California emissions package in its final years. The LS9 and LT9 engines were replaced for 1987 by the L05 TBI engines. Most of the small block engines in this timeframe were built at either the Flint engine plant in south Flint, Michigan or at St. Catharines, Ontario. The Flint plant was producing about 5,200 engines per day in the mid-1980s, and had a slower, separate line for the TPI engines used in the Camaro and Corvette.

LT-9

Years: 1981-1986
The LT-9 served as GM's truck-based heavy emissions variant of the supplied in K20/K30 pickups, G model passenger and cargo vans and with the P30 chassis used for motorhomes and stepvans.
The LT-9's listed specifications are at 3,800 rpm and of torque at 2,800 rpm with 8.3:1 compression. LT-9's were carbureted with Rochester Quadrajets from factory and are generally 4-bolt mains. The LT-9 is often known by VIN code as the "M-code 350." The LT9 was used in models with GVWRs over.

L83

Years: 1982, 1984
The 1982 L83 was again the only Corvette engine, producing and of torque from 9.0:1 compression. Since GM did not assign a 1983 model year to production Corvettes, there was no L83 for 1983. This was also the only engine on the 1984 Corvette, at and of torque. The L83 added "Cross-Fire" fuel injection.

L98

Years: 1985–1992
The new 1985 L98 350 added tuned-port fuel injection "TPI", which was standard on all 1985–1991 Corvettes. It was rated at for 1985–1986, for 1987-1989, and in 1990-1991. Aluminum cylinder heads were released part way through the 1986 model run, modified for 1987 with D-ports, and continued through the end of L98 Corvette production in 1991. The L98 V8 was optional on Jan. '87–'92 Chevrolet Camaro & Pontiac Firebird models
The 1987 versions had and more and a change to hydraulic roller camshaft. Compression was up again in 1990 to 9.5:1 Camaro/Firebird and 10:1 Corvettes, but rated output stayed the same.
Vehicles using the L98:
The L05 was introduced in 1987 for use in Chevrolet/GMC trucks in the GMT400 and the R/V series trucks such as the K5 Blazer, Suburban, and rounded-era pickups formerly classed as the C/K until 1991 which includes chassis cabs and 4-door crew cabs. The L05 was also used in the G van models and the P30 step vans. Additionally, the L05 was used in 9C1-optioned police package Caprices, and in the following vehicles:
L05s were used primarily with casting number 14102193 cylinder heads with swirled intake ports - the intake ports were designed for fuel economy. The swirl ports along with the irregular shape of the combustion chambers limit the airflow and horsepower output where they did not provide a fast burn, later phased in with the 1996 Vortec heads. A majority of the L05s used with the trucks and vans had conventional flat tappet camshafts, while the Caprice 9C1 had a roller cam. L05 usage was replaced by the LT1 after 1993 in GM B-Bodies until production ceased in 1996.
A single belt accessory drive was introduced on the L05, the 5.0L L03 and the 4.3L V6 LB4 engines used in the 1988 GMT400 models but not on the older R/V models. In mid-1996 the L05 was equipped with heads used in the 1996 G30. In February 2008, a Wisconsin businessman reported that his 1991 Chevrolet C1500 pickup had logged over 1 million miles without any major repairs to its L05 engine. The article also mentioned that the Flint engine plant that built the engine, had produced 45 million engines in its 45-year history, before closing in 1999.

L31

The Vortec 5700 L31 is a 5.7L V8 truck engine. It is Chevrolet's last production Generation I small-block. The cylinder heads feature combustion chambers and intake ports very similar to those of the LT1 V8, but lacking the LT1's reverse-flow cooling and higher compression. As such, the L31 head is compatible with all older small-blocks, and is a very popular upgrade. It offers the airflow of more expensive heads, at a much lower cost. It does, however, require a specific intake manifold. Chevrolet's L31 was replaced by GM's 5.3L LM7 V8. The Vortec 5700 produces to at 4,600 RpM and to of torque at 2,800 RpM. Known as the GEN 1+, the final incarnation of the 1954 era-vintage small block ended production in 2005 with the last vehicle being a Kodiak/Topkick HD truck. It is still in current production as a crate engine for marine applications and automotive hobbyists as the 'RamJet 350' with minor modifications. Volvo Penta and Mercury Marine also still produce the L31. The "Marine" intake, despite its cast iron construction, is an L31 upgrade that allows use of common Bosch-style injectors with various flow rates while still maintaining emission compliance.
TBI L31 applications
Special applications

400

The is the only engine in this family and was introduced in 1970 and produced for 10 years. It has a bore and a stroke. The 400 differed from other small blocks in that the cylinders were siamesed and therefore required 'steam' holes in the block, head gaskets, and heads to help alleviate 'hot-spots' in the cooling system at the point above the siamesed cylinders. Overheating and damage are likely if head gaskets or heads without 'steam' holes are used on a 400 block. The 400 is the only engine that uses a main bearing journal and a rod bearing journal. The connecting rod was also 400 specific being as opposed to the rod used in all other small block Chevrolet engines. The 400 was made in 4-bolt main journal from 1970 to 1972 and in 2-bolt main journal from 1973 to 1980. The 400 can have either 2 or 3 freeze-plugs per side though all 400 blocks have the provisions for a 3rd freeze-plug on each side. The 400 was rated at gross through its life. The 400 saw extensive use in full-size Chevrolet and GMC trucks; K5 Blazer/Jimmy, 1/2-ton, 3/4-ton, 1-ton, and even larger 'medium duty' trucks had an option to be equipped with a 400. The engine was available in midsize A-Body and full-size B-Body passenger cars until the end of the 1976 model year. Early models produced with a two-barrel carburetor. All 400s came with a two-barrel carburetor until 1973. A four-barrel carburetor option became available in 1974.
The 400 was never intended as a high-performance engine and never saw large factory horsepower numbers; nevertheless, it developed a reputation for creating tremendous torque and has since become popular for many types of racing, both on- and off-road. It was also used for the limited production Avanti for a few years in the 1970s.

3.671 in bore family (1975–1976)

262

The 1975–1976 262 was a 90° pushrod V8 with an iron block and heads. Bore and stroke were. Power output for 1975 was at 3600 rpm and at 2000 rpm. The 262 was replaced by the 305 for the 1977 model year.
This was Chevrolet's second 4.3 L-displacement power plant; four other Chevrolet engines displaced 4.3 L: the Vortec 4300, the original V8 in 1954, a bored version of the stovebolt-era 235 inline six displacing, and a derivative of the Generation II LT engines known as the L99.
This engine was used in the following cars:

305

Designed and built during the era of the gas embargo, CAFE mandates, and tighter emissions, this engine family was designed to become Chevrolet's cost-effective, all-purpose "economy V8" engine line. Introduced in 1976 models, it had a displacement of. It was intended to fill the gap where the venerable 283 and 307 had been. Bore and stroke were, using the 350's crankshaft throw. This new engine family would provide better gas economy than the 350, share its basic architecture and many parts with the 350, and provide customers with more horsepower and torque than Chevrolet's 1970s-era inline 6 and V6 engines. During the early 1980s, when GM was streamlining their engine lineups, the Chevrolet 305 would rise to prominence as General Motors' "corporate" engine, signified by being the standard V8 in many GM vehicles. Through much of the 80's, the 305 became General Motors' most common V8, followed closely by Oldsmobile's 307. The 305 also became the standard V8 in GM's C/K truck series, and was even used in the Corvette for California in 1980.
Crankshafts used with the 305 had the same casting number as the 350 with one discernible difference - the 305 crank is lighter in weight to compensate for engine balancing. As a result, the counterweights are smaller, which makes it unsuitable for use in a 350 where metal would have to be welded back on. The medium journal 305, like its big-brother 350, would be further developed in the 1990s, although with a reduced stroke using connecting rods, into the Generation II LT engine L99 263.
The Chevrolet 305 is a reliable, fuel efficient V8, easily capable of 200,000 miles, if maintained. From 1976 onward into the early 1980s, these engines were prone to wearing out their camshaft lobes prematurely due to a combination of improper manufacturing and poor quality controls. The 305 is sometimes dismissed in performance circles because of its lackluster performance, small bore size, and difficulty flowing large volumes of air at high rpms. However, two variants of the 1983 to 1992 305 were notable performers: the 1983 to 1988 L69 High Output 5.0L and the 1985 to 1992 LB9 Tuned Port Injection 5.0L.
After 1993, its usage was limited to light trucks and SUVs until the 2000 model year while vans and commercial vehicles continued until 2003. The 305 was sold as a crate motor under the Mr. Goodwrench brand as a replacement motor and as a boat engine for Mercury Marine until late 2014 when it was discontinued. The cylinder block is still in production by GM for Sprint Car Spec Racing.

LG3

The first iteration of the 305, the LG3 was introduced in 1976. This variant used a Rochester 2GC carburetor from 1976 to 1978. In 1979, the more fuel-efficient Rochester Dual-Jet 2bbl carburetor replaced the older 2GC. This change also resulted in a drop in power to and for California emissions cars. All years had an 8.5:1 compression ratio. It was discontinued in 1982.

LG4

The LG4 produced and. Introduced in 1978, the LG4 was essentially an LG3 with the addition of a 4-bbl carburetor and larger valves. The engine saw a series of gradual improvements, increasing reliability, mpg, and power output through its production run. In 1981 Chevrolet added GM's new "Computer Command Control" engine management system to the LG4 engines. The CCC system included the electronic Rochester 4-bbl E4ME Quadra-Jet, with computer-adjusted fuel metering on the primary venturis and a throttle position sensor allowing the CCC to calculate engine load. In the ignition system, CCC was fully responsible for the timing curve; mechanical and vacuum advances were eliminated from the distributor. The more precise spark timing provided by the CCC made possible a series of increases in compression ratio from a pre-CCC 8.4:1, to 8.6:1, to a knock-sensor-assisted 9.5:1, all while still only requiring 87 AKI regular unleaded fuel.
In 1983, Chevrolet replaced the cast-iron intake with an aluminum version and used either 14014416 or 14022601 heads with 1.84 inch intake valves, 1.50 inch exhaust valves, 58 cc chambers, and 178 cc runners. For 1985, the 4-valve-relief, flat top pistons from the L69 were added to the LG4, which resulted in another increase in compression. Also added was a knock sensor to allow the "CCC" engine management system to compensate for the increase in compression and a more aggressive spark-timing map in the ECM. As a result, power increased for the 1985 models to from the rating in 1984. For 1986, Chevrolet changed over to a one-piece rear main seal engine block design to minimize leaks and warranty claims; however, some early 1986 blocks retained a two-piece rear main seal.
For 1987, Chevrolet once again made some revisions to increase overall reliability, many of them borrowed from the TBI L03, which was to replace the LG4. The coil-in-cap HEI distributor was retired, and an all-new electronic distributor design was used. The intake manifold to head bolt pattern was redesigned to improve gasket integrity - four of the center intake manifold bolts were drilled at 72 degrees instead of 90 degrees for the cast iron cylinder heads. Changes to the valve covers were also made. Ribbing was added to the top of the valve covers to increase surface area, acting as a heat sink. To improve intake gasket sealing, the mounting bolts were relocated to the valve cover centerline, placing all sealing pressure evenly upon the mounting flange perimeter. Thus, these became known as centerbolt valve covers, first introduced in 1985 on the LB4 4.3L V6 and the Corvette a year earlier. Another improvement was use of a hydraulic lifter/roller camshaft on most 1987 LG4s. Some early engines have lifter retainer provisions, but use the older, non-roller camshaft. 1987 would also be the last year for the LG4 production, however a run of LG4 engines was made to supplement the carry-over production for the 1988 Monte Carlo and the 1988 Chevrolet Caprice.

LU5

Years: 1982 – 1984
The LU5 "Crossfire EFI 5.0L" featured a dual Throttle Body Injection set-up, based upon the original "Crossram Intake" supplied by Chevrolet for the 1969 Camaro Z28. Unlike, the original '69 version, Chevrolet did not place it in the trunk for owners to install. The system used a special version of GM's still-new "CCC" engine management system. Fuel was supplied by the two TBI units, set diagonally apart from each other, atop the unique, aluminum intake manifold. Unfortunately, the system was placed atop the basic LG4 and lacked any significant performance capability. The engine was originally planned for the long-awaited '82 Camaro Z28, however due to a last-minute GM-mandated cancellation of Pontiac's 301 V8 production & Turbo 4.9L Project, the Crossfire 305 was made available in the '82 Trans Am. A 350 cubic inch version was also used in the Corvette from 1982 to 1984. Since it was fairly early into GM's electronic engine management development and electronic fuel injection programs, few dealerships had the technology, equipment, or properly trained mechanics capable of dealing with these engines. These problems were compounded by widely varying fuel quality standards, production issues, poor quality control by GM, & owners who tinkered with a system they did not understand. In a very short time, these engines obtained the notorious nickname; "Ceasefire Engine". Today, owners with these engines note that they are fairly reliable, and that a significant upgrade can be made by simply using the L69/LB9 TPI/L98 TPI exhaust manifolds/ exhaust systems... When combined with performance-built stock 305 heads w/larger valves or aftermarket heads, plus a camshaft upgrade, these engines can perform surprisingly well. Thanks mostly to a somewhat cult-like following, a number of aftermarket performance parts are also available through Crossfire-specialized manufacturers.

L69

Years: late-1983 – 1988
The L69 High Output 5.0L was released late into the 1983 model year. It was optional in the Firebird Trans Am, Camaro Z28, and IROC-Z, and was standard in the revived Monte Carlo Super Sport.
The L69 features a compression ratio of 9.5:1 and a relatively aggressive stock camshaft. It also uses a performance-tuned CCC ECM/PROM, a knock sensor, a performance-tuned E4ME Rochester Quadra-Jet 4 barrel carburetor, and a special, free-flowing exhaust system with large diameter exhaust manifolds, Y-pipe and catalytic converter.
The L69 F-body exhaust system components would be revised slightly and used again on the later LB9 305 and L98 350 TPI engines. Additionally, the engines came equipped with a functional cold air induction hood on the 1983-1984 Trans Am, a dual snorkel air cleaner assembly on the 1983-1986 Camaro Z28 and IROC-Z and 1985-1986 Trans Am, a large, single snorkel on the 1983-1988 Monte Carlo SS, an aluminum intake manifold, high stall torque converter on the Monte Carlo SS and 1984 F-bodies, or a lightweight flywheel on T-5 equipped F-bodies.
The L69 engine produced at 4800 and of torque at 3200 rpm in the F-Body and was rated at in the Monte SS.

LE9

Years: 1981–1986
The LE9 was a truck/van/car version 4BBL that also had a 9.5:1 compression ratio, the LM1 cam and 14010201 casting heads featuring 1.84/1.50" valves and chambers. The engine produced at 4,400 and at 2,000 rpm.

LB9

Years: 1985–1992
The LB9 "Tuned Port Injection 5.0L" was introduced in 1985. At its core was the stout L69 shortblock and it used the same aggressive L69 camshaft profile. The induction system was unlike any system used previously by GM. It featured a large plenum made of cast aluminum, with individual runners made of tubular aluminum, feeding air to each cylinder. And each cylinder had its own fuel injector fed by a fuel rail mounted above each bank. In 1985, this engine was optional only in the Camaro Z28, IROC-Z and Trans Am equipped with the WS6 performance suspension. The LB9 was also available in the '87-92 GTA and Firebird Formula.
and and varied between over the years offered.

L03

Years: 1987–95
The L03 produced at 4,400 rpm and of torque at 2,400 rpm in 1993–1995 GM trucks. This engine used the TBI throttle-body fuel injection. It featured "swirl port" heads and served as the base V8 engine in all C/K 1500 Series GMC/Chevrolet Trucks/Vans. .
The L03 used hydraulic roller lifters, which allowed it to recover some of the lost horsepower from its factory design, while further increasing efficiency. Despite downfalls in its aspiration restrictions, the L03 had one thing going for it: reliability. They used dished pistons with a 9.3:1 to 9.5:1 compression ratio that left a lot to be desired. The L03 TBI featured a 3.736" bore and 3.48" stroke, the same as its TPI cousin, the LB9. Performance junkies would bore these engines to 3.766" and stroke to 3.75", which brings the engine to 334 c.i.. However it is advised not to overbore these blocks more than 30 thousandths, as the cylinder wall thickness is dangerously decreased beyond that point.

L30

Years: 1996-2003
The Vortec 5000 L30 is a V8 truck engine. Displacement is 5,013 cc,. Bore is, stroke is. The compression ratio is 9.1:1. It is a based on the Generation I small-block from Chevrolet. It was replaced by the 4.8 L Vortec 4800 LR4 for the 2003 full-size vans. In C/K truck configuration it produces net flywheel at 4,600 rpm and net flywheel torque at 2,800 rpm. In van configuration it produces net flywheel at 4,600 rpm and net flywheel torque at 2,800 rpm. The engine uses a hydraulic roller cam and high flowing, fast burn style vortec heads. Differences include bore and stroke, intake valve size, and smaller combustion chambers.
L30 applications:

267

The 267 was introduced in 1979 for GM F-body, G-bodies and also used on GM B-body cars. The engine had the 350's crankshaft stroke of and the smallest bore of any small-block,, shared with the 200 V6 introduced a year earlier.
It was only available with a M2ME Rochester Dualjet 210 – effectively a Rochester Quadrajet with no rear barrels. After 1980, electronic feedback carburetion was used on the 267. The 267 also saw use in 1980 to 1982 Checker Marathons.
While similar in displacement to the other V8 engines produced by General Motors, the small bore 267 shared no parts with the other engines and was phased out after the 1982 model year due to inability to conform to emission standards. Chevrolet vehicles eventually used the as their base V8 engine.
The 267 when introduced in the GM F-Body as the L39 4.4 L it made at 3600 RPM and of torque at 2000 RPM. Power output would drop in subsequent years of the engine. The had a low 8.3:1 compression ratio.

Major changes

The original design of the small block remained remarkably unchanged for its production run, which began in 1954 and ended, in passenger vehicles, in 2003. The engine is still being built today for many aftermarket applications, both to replace worn-out older engines and also by many builders as high-performance applications. The principal changes to it over the years include:
;Chevrolet Generation I V8 Small Block Engine Table
note 1: depending upon vehicle application; horsepower, torque, and fuel requirements will vary.
Gen IYearsEngine option code Power Torque Displacement Fuel Bore x Stroke Compression ratioBlock & heads Block features
I1996-02L30 220@4600290@28003053.736 x 3.489.1:1IronTruck/van only
I1987-95L03 170@4400255@24003053.736 x 3.489.1:1IronTBI; passenger car used roller cam
I1988-96L05 210@4400300@28003504.0 x 3.489.3:1IronTBI; 9C1 optioned Caprice and F-bodies had hydraulic roller cam
I1978-88LG4 150-170@4600240-250@28003053.736 x 3.488.6:1Iron4bbl Quadrajet
I1981-86LE9 165@4400240@20003053.736 x 3.489.5:1IronTruck/Van only - electronic spark control module used
I1982-83LU5165-1753053.736 x 3.48?:1Iron"Crossfire EFI 5.0L"
I1967-80L48 165-1953803504.0 x 3.488.25-10.5:1Iron
I1969-70L4635035093req4.0 x 3.4811.0:1IronCorvette only
I1969-76L651453504.0 x 3.48Iron2bbl
I1969-88LM1 155-1753504.0 x 3.48Iron4bbl Rochester Quadrajet ; retail option until 1981 when last used with the Camaro Z28; post-1980 use of the LM1 was for 9C1-optioned B and G-bodies
I1970-74ZQ3190-300270-3003504.0 x 3.488.5-10.25:1Iron4bbl, Corvette. L48 camshaft
I1970-72LT1250-370@6000270-300@40003504.0 x 3.489.1:1Iron4bbl
II1992-97LT1 260-305@4800-5200325-340@2400-340035091 OCTANE4.0 x 3.4810.4:1Iron Reverse Flow Heads
I1973-80L82205-250255-2853504.0 x 3.489:1Iron4bbl Rochester Quadrajet; flat top pistons with a D-shaped relief cut for valve clearance
I1981L811902803504.0 x 3.488.2:1Iron4bbl Rochester Quadrajet, Corvette
I1970-86LS9 165@3800275@16003504.0 x 3.488.2:1Iron4bbl, truck
I1981-86LT9 160@3800250@28003504.0 x 3.488.3:1Iron4bbl, truck
I1982-84L83200-205285-2903504.0 x 3.489.0:1IronCrossFire
I1985-92L98 225-250@4000330-345@32003504.0 x 3.489.5-10:1Iron/Aluminum TPI
I1996-02L31 255-350@4600330-350@28003504.0 x 3.48Irontruck, Vortec
I1970-80245-2654004.125 x 3.75Iron70-72 4bolt main, 73-80 2bolt main
I1975-76110133@36002623.671 x 3.1IronNova and Monza only; 2bbl Rochester 2GC carburetor
I1994-96L99 2002452633.736 x 3.0Ironreverse cooling, Caprice, special ops, police vehicles
I1983-88L69 180-190@4800240@32003053.736 x 3.489.5:1IronH.O., Firebird/Camaro, Monte Carlo SS only
I1985-92LB9 190-230275-3003053.736 x 3.48IronTPI, Firebird/Camaro only
I1976-82LG3 145@4400245@24003053.736 x 3.488.5:1Iron2bbl

Generation II GM small-block (1992–1997)

' Generation II LT1 is a small block V8 engine. Making its debut in the 1992 Chevrolet Corvette, the new LT1 sought to draw upon the heritage of the 1970 Chevrolet LT-1.
A significant improvement over the original Generation I V8 is the Generation II LT1's "reverse cooling" system, allowing coolant to start at the heads and flow down through the block. This keeps the heads cooler, affording greater power through a higher compression ratio and greater spark advance at the same time it maintains higher and more consistent cylinder temperatures.
Some parts from the Generation II are interchangeable with the Generation I one-piece rear main seal engine. The interchangeable parts include the rotating assembly one piece rear main seal housing, oil pan and valve cover gaskets and valvetrain assembly. The LT1 uses a new engine block, cylinder head, timing cover, water pump, intake manifold and accessory brackets. The harmonic damper also does not interchange; it is a unique damper/pulley assembly. Engine mounts and bell housing bolt pattern remain the same, permitting a newer engine to be readily swapped into an older vehicle.

4.00 in bore blocks

5.7 L

LT1
In 1991, GM created a new-generation small-block engine called the "LT1 350", distinct from the high-output Generation I LT-1 of the 1970s. It displaced, and was a 2-valve pushrod design. The LT1 used a reverse-flow cooling system which cooled the cylinder heads first, maintaining lower combustion chamber temperatures and allowing the engine to run at a higher compression than its immediate predecessors.
This engine was used in:
There were a few different versions of the LT1. All feature a cast iron block, with aluminum heads in the Y and F bodies, and cast iron heads in the B and D bodies. Corvette blocks had four-bolt main caps, while most other blocks were two-bolt main caps. Block castings remained the same between 2 and 4 bolt mains.
The 92–93 LT1s used speed density fuel management, batch-fire fuel injection and a dedicated Engine Control Module. In 94 the LT1 switched to a mass airflow sensor and sequential port injection. A new, more capable computer controlled the transmission as well as the engine and got a new name: Powertrain Control Module. Where the ECM held its calibration information in a replaceable PROM chip, the 94-95 OBD1 PCMs are reprogrammable through the diagnostic port.
The early Optispark distributor had durability problems, and a revised version was introduced on the 1994 B-Bodies and on the 1995 Y and F-Bodies. Changes include a vacuum port to draw filtered air thru the distributor to remove moisture and ozone and a revised drive system which uses an extended dowel pin on the camshaft rather than a separate splined shaft in the camshaft gear. A port can be drilled into the early distributor base, and the later cap can be installed to add venting to the early distributor. 1996 saw major revisions for OBD-II: a second catalytic converter on the F-body cars, rear oxygen sensors to monitor catalyst efficiency, and a new engine front cover with a crankshaft position sensor. Some OBD-II features had been added to the Corvette starting in 1994 for testing purposes. The 1997 model year Camaro and Firebird were the last year for this engine in a GM production car before it was replaced by the LS1, which was already in the Corvette for 1997.
The 1992 LT1 in the Y-body was factory rated at and. 96 LT1 Y-bodies were rated at and. The 93–95 F-bodies were rated at and, while the 96–97 cars were rated at and.
The 96–97 WS6 and SS F-bodies were rated at. The 94–96 B- and D-body version was rated at and.
LT4
The LT4 was the special high-performance version of the new-generation LT1. It featured a slightly more aggressive camshaft profile, 1.6:1 aluminum roller rocker arms, lighter hollow intake valves and liquid-sodium filled exhaust valves, larger fuel injectors, performance crankshaft, higher 10.8:1 compression ratio and high-flow intake manifold with extra material above the port available to allow port matching to the raised port LT4 cylinder heads. The LT4 was conservatively underrated at and. It was introduced in the 1996 model year, for the last year of the C4 Corvette, and came standard on all manual transmission C4 Corvettes. The engine was passed down to 1997 SLP Camaros SS and SLP Firehawks with 6-speed manual transmissions.
The LT4 was available on the following vehicles:
All 135 production engines for the Firehawks and sSS were completely disassembled, balanced, blueprinted and honed with stress plates. One in 5 engines was tested on a Superflow engine dyno. Every car was tested on a chassis dyno and then performed a road test.

3.90 in bore blocks

5.7 L

LT5
For model year 1990, Chevrolet released the Corvette ZR-1 with the radical Lotus Engineering-designed double overhead cam LT5 engine. Engineered in the UK but produced and assembled in Stillwater Oklahoma by specialty engine builder Mercury Marine, the all-aluminum LT5 shared only the 4.4 inch bore spacing with any previous sbc engine. It does not have reverse cooling and is generally not considered a small block Chevrolet.
Used only in Corvettes, the LT5 was the work of a team headed by Design manager David Whitehead, and was hand built by one headed by project engineer Terry D. Stinson. It displaced and had a bore x stroke instead of the usual and featured Lotus-designed DOHC 4 valves per cylinder rather than the usual Chevrolet 16-Valve OHV Heads. The preproduction LT5 initially produced, but was reduced to and for the 1990-1992 Corvette ZR-1. The power ratings jumped to at 5800 rpm and of torque at 5200 rpm from 1993 until its final year in 1995, thanks to cam timing changes and improvements to the engine porting. 1993 also added 4-bolt main bearing caps and an exhaust gas recirculation system.
A second generation of the LT5 was in the testing phase as early as 1993. What little information survived showed that it would have used a dual plenum system similar to the first generation Dodge Viper as well as variable valve timing. The next generation LT5 was set to produce between and. Unfortunately, the cost to produce the LT5 along with its weight, dimensions and internal GM politics over using an engine that was not designed and built in house killed the LT5 after six years of production. GM canceled the ZR-1 option beginning model year 1993. Engines that were to be installed in the as yet unbuilt ZR-1's were sealed and crated for long-term storage. After they were built at the Mercruiser plant in Stillwater, Oklahoma they were shipped to Bowling Green, Kentucky and stored in the Corvette assembly plant until the 1994 and 1995 ZR-1s went down the assembly line. A total of 6,939 cars were produced. The LT5 however wasn't an evolutionary dead end. Despite being discontinued, a new class of premium V8s for Cadillac and eventually Oldsmobile, the dual overhead cam V8 Northstar and its derivatives, drew heavily from the LT5's design and lessons learned from its production. GM also took lessons learned from producing a completely aluminum engine and applied them to the new LS series of engines.
The LT5 was available on the following vehicles:

4.3 L

L99
The L99 V8, produced from 1994–1996, shared a cylinder bore with the but had a stroke compared to of the. The pistons used in the 4.3 L V8 were the same as the Vortec 5000's, but longer connecting rods were used to compensate for the shorter stroke. The L99 featured updated Generation II block architecture, and is externally identical to the larger 5.7 L LT1 Generation II V8. Like the LT1, it features sequential fuel injection, reverse-flow cooling with a cam-driven water pump, and an optical ignition pickup. Output is and.
The L99 4.3 L V8 was the base engine in 1994-1996 Chevrolet Caprice sedans, including 9C1 police package sedans, and was not available in any other vehicles. The L99's smaller displacement provided slightly better EPA fuel economy than the 5.7 L LT1, but at significantly reduced horsepower and torque levels.

LT6 and LT7

The LT6 and LT7 are not part of the LT family. See Oldsmobile Diesel engine for more information.