Colombian cuisine
Colombian cuisine is a compound of the culinary traditions of the six main regions within the country. Colombian cuisine varies regionally and is particularly influenced by Indigenous Colombian, Spanish, and African cuisines, with slight Arab influence in some regions. Furthermore, being one of the most biodiverse countries in the world, Colombia has one of the widest variety of available ingredients depending on the region.
History of Colombian food
Colombian food is a unique blend of indigenous and European traditions with a strong Afro-Caribbean influence. The two largest indigenous groups prior to European conquest were the Tairona, who lived along the Caribbean coast, and the Muisca, who lived in the highlands to the South. Arepas, made from ground corn, are one of the oldest cooked dishes in Colombian cuisine. It is believed that the name derives from the word for corn in the Chibcha languages. Arepas are a popular modern Colombian dish.Regional cuisines
Colombia's varied cuisine is influenced by its diverse fauna and flora as well as the cultural traditions of the ethnic groups. Colombian dishes and ingredients vary widely by region. Some of the most common ingredients are: cereals such as rice and maize; tubers such as potato and cassava; assorted legumes; meats, including beef, chicken, pork and goat; fish; and seafood. Colombian cuisine also features a variety of tropical fruits such as cape gooseberry, feijoa, arazá, dragon fruit, mangostino, granadilla, papaya, guava, blackberry, lulo, soursop and passionfruit..
Among the most representative appetizers and soups are patacones, sancocho de gallina and ajiaco, buñuelos Christmas season deep fried dough ball
Representative snacks and breads are pandebono, arepas, aborrajados, torta de choclo, empanadas and almojábanas.
Representative main courses are bandeja paisa, lechona tolimense, tamales and fish dishes, especially in coastal regions where suero, costeño cheese, kibbeh and carimañolas are also eaten.
Representative side dishes are papas criollas al horno, papas chorreadas and arroz con coco. Organic food is a current trend in big cities, although in general across the country the fruits and vegetables are very natural and fresh.
Representative desserts are natillas, torta Maria Luisa, bocadillo made of guayaba, cocadas, casquitos de guayaba, torta de natas, obleas, flan de arequipe, roscón, milhoja, and the tres leches cake there is another version of the tree leches cake that they add coffee with the 3 milks
Typical sauces are hogao, tomato onion sauce, ají, home made spicy raw sauce
Some representative beverages are coffee, champús, cholado, lulada, avena colombiana, sugarcane juice, aguapanela, hot chocolate and fresh fruit juices.
There is a large variety of dishes that take into account the difference in regional climates. For example:
- In the city of Medellín, the typical dish is the bandeja paisa. It includes beans, rice, ground meat or carne asada, chorizo, fried egg, arepa, and chicharrón. It is usually accompanied by avocado, tomato, and special sauces.
- In the city of Cali, the most traditional dish is "sancocho de gallina" - a soup composed mostly of chicken, plantain, corn, coriander, yuca root, and other seasonings. Sancocho is usually served with a portion of rice, tostadas, and a chicken leg covered in hogao. The city is also known for its empanadas, marranitas / puerquitas, pandebono, and aborrajados.
- In Bogotá and the Andean region, ajiaco is the traditional dish. It is also a type of soup made of chicken, potatoes, and flavoured with a locally grown herb called "guasca".
- In the Caribbean coast, spicy cooking, with fish and lobster, is practiced. Coconut rice is a common dish along the coastal cities. The cuisine of the Caribbean is also influenced by Arab traditions, with dishes such as Kibbeh.
- In the Llanos, meat from the barbecue, such as the "ternera llanera" is common, and also typical river fishes like the "amarillo".
- In the Amazonas, the cuisine is influenced by Brazilian and Peruvian traditions.
- Inland, the dishes reflect the mix of cultures, inherited mainly from Amerindian and European cuisine, and the produce of the land mainly agriculture, cattle, river fishing, and other animals' raising. Such is the case of the sancocho soup in Valledupar, the arepas. Local species of animals like the guaratinaja, part of the wayuu Amerindian culture.
- In the Andean region of Nariño, traditional dish is broiled guinea pig, due to influence of inca cuisine.
- In the Tolima region, the Tamales Tolimenses are a delicacy. These tamales are made of a corn dough and feature peas, carrots, potatoes, rice, chicken, pork, and various spices. They are wrapped in plantain leaves and boiled for three to four hours. Pandebono for breakfast with hot chocolate.
- On the Islands of San Andres, Providencia, and Santa Catalina, the main dish is rondon, a seafood dish made of coconut milk, fish, conch, cassava root, sweet potato, white yams, and pumpkin seasoned with chili peppers and herbs. They also have a crab soup which is considered a delicacy. It is made with the same ingredients as rondon, without the fish.
- Ají picante, a spicy raw cilantro-based sauce, is used as a condiment for many dishes and sides, including empanadas, platacones, and soups.
Dishes and foods
Appetizers and side dishes
- Arepas ground maize dough divided into balls and pan fried or grilled corn cakes
- Aborrajado deep fried plantains stuffed with cheese
- Arroz con coco, rice with coconut and raisins
- Hormigas culonas Roasted big ass ants a santandereanas food from Colombia's Santander Department
- Butifarras soledeñas, sausage from Soledad, Atlántico
- Carimañola, yuca fritter stuffed with ground meat, onion and seasonings
- Chunchullo, pig, lamb, cow small intestine
- Hogao Criollo sauce
- Queso blanco white cheese also referred to as queso fresco
- Suero, a topping similar to sour cream
- Patacones Green plantain fried or deep fried squished and fried
- Empanadas
- Chicharron deep fried pork rind
Pastries and Baked Goods
- Almojábana made with corn flour and cuajada made into a dough like consistency and baked
- Bollos
- Buñuelos deep fried dough balls made on Christmas season
- Achira biscuits
- Carimañolas
- Garullas
- Pan de sagú
- Pandebono made with cheese made with cassava flour and Costeño cheese
- Pan de Maíz similar to cornbread
- Pan de yuca
- Roscón
Varieties of arepa
- Arepa Boyacense
- Arepa de arroz
- Arepa de huevo
- Arepa de maiz
- Arepa de queso
- Arepa de yuca
- Arepa ocañera
- Arepa Paisa/Antioqueña
- Arepa Santandereana
- Arepa Valluna
- Arepas de choclo
- Brown rice and sesame seed arepa
- 'Oreja de perro', rice arepas
Fruit
- Aiphanes horrida
- Bactris gasipaes, peach-palm
- Banana passionfruit
- Banana
- Borojoa patinoi
- Carambola, starfruit
- Cherimoya
- Feijoa, Pineapple guava
- Guayabamanzana, Guava-apple hybrid
- Inga edulis, ice-cream-bean
- Manilkara huberi
- Lulo
- Mamey sapote
- Mamoncillo, Spanish lime
- Mandarin orange
- Mango
- Murrapos, mini-bananas
- Orange
- Passiflora edulis, passion fruit
- Physalis peruviana, Cape gooseberry
- Piñuela
- Pitaya, Dragon fruit
- Quararibea cordata
- Rubus glaucus, similar to blackberry
- Soursop
- Strawberry guava
- Strawberry
- Sugar-apple
- Sweet granadilla
- Syzygium jambos, Malabar plum
- Tree tomato, tamarillo
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Native fruit
Main courses
- Arroz con Pollo, consists of seasoned rice, chicken, and a variety of vegetables.
- Ajiaco is a traditional Andean dish that originated from Bogotá. It is a chicken, corn, and potato stew with a hint of guasca, a local herb.
- Bandeja Paisa, a traditional dish from Antioquia and the "Eje Cafetero" which consists of white rice, red beans, ground beef, plantain, chorizo, morcilla, chicharron, arepa, avocado and a fried egg. Along with Ajiaco, the bandeja paisa is considered to be one of the national dishes.
- Cuchuco, a thick soup made of wheat, fava beans, potatoes, ribs, peas, from Boyacá.
- Cuy asado, broiled guinea pig accompanied by potatoes and popcorn. It is the traditional dish in Nariño.
- Lechona, traditional dish from the Tolima department, a mixture of yellow pea purée and pork meat, with a side of rice arepa 'oreja de perro' and corn 'insulzo'
- Mondongo, a thick tripe soup.
- Picada Colombiana, chopped specialties served as a combo platter.
- Sancocho, is a popular soup originating from the Valle del Cauca region. It combines vegetables and poultry or fish with recipes differing from one region to the other, but usually contains yuca, maize, and is frequently eaten with banana slices.
- Tamales are corn or corn/rice “cakes” wrapped in platain tree leaves and steamed. They can be filled with everything from chicken, potatoes, peas, carrots, to rice. The tamales vary in shape and fillings in each region, and almost every region has its own variation. Some well known variations are from Tolima, Santander, Cúcuta, Bogotá and Valle del Cauca; just to name a few.
- Fritanga is another popular Colombian dish made of meats, fried plantains, chicharrones, and yellow potatoes with aji sauce eaten throughout Colombia. Milanesa is another common meat dish throughout the country.
Soups
- Changua is a typical breakfast soup of the central Andes region of Colombia, in particular in the Boyacá and Cundinamarca area, including the capital, Bogotá. The dish has Chibcha origins.
- Caldo de costilla is a dish typical of Colombian cuisine, from the Andean region. It is made mainly from beef ribs boiled in water with slices of potato, some garlic, onion and cilantro leaves.
- Locro is a typical dish in Nariño region. It is a corn, beans, zapallo and potato stew.
Desserts and sweets
- Arequipe
- Arroz con leche.
- Brevas en dulce - candied figs in syrup or arequipe.
- Cocadas - baked coconut confection, similar to macaroons.
- Enyucado cake that has grounded cassava
- Flan type of custard dessert
- Bocadillo guava paste
- Leche asada, similar to flan but less sweet, made with condensed milk.
- Manjar blanco a boiled, creamy, milk-based spread, thicker than arequipe and sometimes used as a pastry filling.
- Mazamorra white maize drink
- Melado, a thick syrup derived from panela.
- Merenguitos, little hardened meringue "cookies"
- Milhoja similar to Mille-feuille or Napoleon
- Natilla, a Colombian derivation of the Spanish custard natillas, made with milk and cornstarch and spices but without eggs.
- Pastel de Gloria is a puff pastry containing guava jelly or guava paste and sometimes cheese inside, sprinkled with granulated sugar
- , Milk based Colombian pudding literary means milk skin dessert
- Torta Maria Luisa Orange cake and between layers any berries jam Decorated with icing sugar, there are various variations around South America
- Tres leches cake, 3 milk cake there are various variations around South America
Beverages
- Aguapanela is made by dissolving panela in water. Lime juice may be added for flavor. It can be served cold or hot. When served hot it is common for Colombians to put cheese in their aguapanela for it to melt.
- Champús is a thick drink made from corn, pineapple, lulo, and other ingredients.
- Hot chocolate, Colombian hot chocolate is made with milk, water, and bars of semi-sweet chocolate. A special metal pitcher is used for heating and pouring, and a utensil called a molinillo – essentially a stick with paddles at the end – is used for stirring and frothing. Colombian hot chocolate often includes cinnamon, cloves and vanilla.
- Coca tea, an herbal tea made from an infusion of the leaves of the coca plant, considered a mild stimulant and remedy for altitude sickness
- Colombian coffee is known for its quality and distinct flavor. Though much of the world's quality coffee beans come from Colombia, many Colombians commonly drink instant coffee rather than brewed. It is popularly consumed as a "tinto", meaning black with sugar or panela on the side, or as café con leche, which is a preparation of half coffee and half heated milk. In 2011 UNESCO declared the Coffee Cultural Landscape of Colombia a World Heritage site.
- Colombiana, a kola champagne soda with particular and different taste.
- Guandiolo is an Afrocolombian drink made with Borojo fruit that has alleged aphrodisiac properties.
- Lulada is a drink originating from Cali. It is prepared from lulo and has the texture and consistency of a smoothie.
- Malta: Carbonated malt non-alcoholic beverage.
- Postobón, a variety of soda flavors from the maker of Colombiana, the most popular flavor being apple.
- Salpicón made from diced fruit and soda, usually Colombiana or any Kola flavored soda. It can also be a fruit cocktail beverage.
Alcoholic beverages
- Aguardiente is an alcoholic drink derived from sugarcane and flavored with anise. It is widely consumed at Colombian parties, and ranges in potency from 20% to 40%. It is a variation of the Spanish alcoholic drink.
- Biche is an Afro-Colombian alcoholic drink made from unripe sugarcane.
- Canelazo is an alcoholic version of aguapanela mixed with cinnamon and aguardiente. Sugar is rubbed on the edges of the glass when served.
- * Hervido is a local variety of canelazo, traditional in Nariño.
- Chapil is a traditional beverage in Nariño.
- Chicha is a formerly forbidden strong alcoholic beverage originally made by the indigenous peoples of the Andes. It can be prepared from virtually everything, but is typically made from corn. The corn is cooked and grounded with panela which is later wrapped in green plantain leaves and left alone for three days until fermented. It is later mixed with water and any chosen flavors such as orange leaves or spearmint.
- Guarapo is made from various fruits kept in a large ceramic jar and left to ferment for about 2 months. Within that time, panela is added into the liquid to make the alcohol stronger. Grapes and pineapple are typically used. Guarapo is very similar to Chicha.
- * Chirrinche, distillated guarapo.
- Masato, It is prepared with rice, sugar, water, cinnamon and whole clove ; It is strained and the water is preserved and let aside to have a smooth fermentation.
- Refajo is a type of shandy beverage made by mixing Kola Hipinto, Colombiana or Kola Roman, with beer or rum. This mixture of soda and beer is very popular and seen a lot when it comes to accompany foods that are higher in animal fat, generally at barbecues. The combination of the sweetness of the kola and the sourness of the beer and the additional effect of the carbonated soda helps tolerate the fat of some of the typical dishes without hiding their original flavor.
- Sabajón, a sweet and creamy alcoholic drink from the Cordillera Oriental. It is made from eggs and milk with added flavors and juice of fruits and liqueur on half or less concentration.