Combat support


In the United States Army, the term combat support refers to units that provide fire support and operational assistance to combat elements. Combat support units provide specialized support functions to combat units in the areas of chemical warfare, engineering, intelligence, security, and communications.
Combat support should not be confused with combat service support, which are units which primarily provide logistical support by providing supply, maintenance, transportation, health services, and other services required by the soldiers of combat units to continue their missions in combat. Expressed another way, Combat Support units are focused on providing operational support to combat units, while Combat Service Support units are focused on providing logistical support to combat units. Actual combat units are collectively referred to as combat arms units; hence, all army units fall into the category of either combat arms, combat support, or combat service support.

United States Army

Currently, U.S. Army organizational doctrine uses the classification "Maneuver, Fires and Effects" and "Operations Support" to group the former combat support arms branches into Maneuver Support; Special Operations Forces; Network and Space Operations; and Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance functional areas.
Within the U.S. Army, the traditional combat support branches are/were:
Before the Army ceased using the combat arms / combat support arms / combat service support arms classification system in 2008, the following branches were classified as combat support arms from the year designated.
doctrine designates all Ground Combat Element forces, other than infantry, including field artillery, assault amphibian, combat engineer, light armored reconnaissance, reconnaissance, and tank as combat support. The primary mission of all USMC combat support units is to directly support the infantry.
The Marine Corps does not have a separate "Chemical Corps" but rather mans each GCE battalion with NBC specialist personnel in the battalion operations section. The Marine Corps also maintains a battalion-sized Chemical Biological Incident Response Force as an element of the II Marine Expeditionary Force, responsible for fulfilling the mission of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and High-Yield Explosive consequence management.
USMC military intelligence, military police, and signal, as well as radio battalions, air naval gunfire liaison, force reconnaissance, psychological operations, civil affairs, and public affairs units are designated as Command Element units and are classed separately from GCE combat support units.
All Marine Aviation aircraft squadrons and aviation support units are organic to the Aviation Combat Element. In the Marine Corps, the Army Aviation combat support missions of battlefield reconnaissance, signals intelligence, and assault helicopter support are performed by the ACE through the Marine Aviation functions of aerial reconnaissance, electronic warfare, and assault support.
Combat Service Support, known in the Marine Corps as the Logistics Combat Element, is responsible for providing direct logistical support to GCE units and general logistical support throughout the MAGTF. Combat Logistics Battalions provide motor transport, supply distribution, and landing support directly to dedicated GCE units, while Combat Logistics Companies provide direct logistical support to dedicated ACE units. and Marine Wing Support Squadrons. The MALS provides direct intermediate aircraft maintenance, aviation supply, and aviation ordnance support to dedicated aircraft squadrons, while the MWSS provides airfield services to a dedicated Marine Aircraft Group ). Supply, maintenance, transportation support, engineer support, medical, and dental battalions provide general logistical support throughout the MAGTF.