Cyclin K


Cyclin-K is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNK gene.

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transcription cyclin family. These cyclins may regulate transcription through their association with and activation of cyclin-dependent kinases through conformational changes. Activation of CDKs through their cyclin partner, creates kinase complexes that will activate target proteins through phosphorylation. Targeted proteins can then ultimately regulate decisions of a cell's progression within the cell cycle to occur. This gene product may be seen to play a dual role in both regulating CDK and RNA polymerase II activities. Cyclin K only uses RNA recruitment to activate transcription.

Interactions

Cyclin K has been shown to interact with multiple CDKs including CDK9 and latest CDK12 and CDK13. Roles include helping to phosphorylate C-terminal domains of subunits of RNAP2. Cyclin K is most noted for its associated induction of processive elongation. Also, identified with G1 and S phase cyclin activity, however functions are not deeply understood.
Cyclin K also interacts with HIV nef protein. In the presence of overexpressed Nef protein, Cyclin k and CDK9 binding is induced, inhibiting the positive elongation factor of other CDK9 binding complexes, resulting in an inhibition of specific HIV-1 gene expression. CDK 13 may also be characterized to interact with HIV mRNA splicing, alongside Nef, and the underexpression of Gag and Env related proteins.
Cyclin K is indispensable for Leukemia growth. SETD1A, is also known to bind Cyclin K through its FLOS domain. The interaction is shown to be important to DNA damage response genes and for Leukemia proliferation.