Diver certification
A Diving certification or C-card is a document recognizing that an individual or organization authorized to do so, "certifies" that the bearer has completed a course of training as required by the agency issuing the card. This is assumed to represent a defined level of skill and knowledge in underwater diving. Divers carry a qualification record or certification card which may be required to prove their qualifications when booking a dive trip, hiring scuba equipment, filling diving cylinders or in the case of professional divers, seeking employment.
Although recreational certifications are issued by numerous different diver training agencies, the entry-level grade is not always equivalent. Different agencies will have different entry-level requirements as well as different higher-level grades, but all are claimed to allow a diver to develop their skills and knowledge in achievable steps.
In contradistinction, a diver's logbook, or the electronic equivalent, is primarily evidence of range of diving experience.
Origins
The Diving Certification model originated at Scripps Institution of Oceanography in 1952 after two divers died whilst using university-owned equipment. The then President of the University of California, Robert Gordon Sproul, restricted diving to those who had been trained through the program at SIO and thus "certification" was born. A year later Los Angeles county sent Bev Morgan, Al Tillman, and Ramsey Parks to SIO for diver training. Upon their return, these three then developed the Los Angeles Underwater Instructors Program, the oldest such instructor training program in the U.S., and they used the SIO Diver Certification concept.Description
C-card is the generic term for any certification card issued by a diver certification organization. While sometimes taken to mean the minimum level training required to dive safely, it also applies to advanced and specialization certifications.A typical card will list:
- Name and logo of the certifying organization
- Name and photograph of the person certified
- Certification reference or serial number
- Type of certification
- Date of certification
- Name of instructor
- Instructor's registration number
Diver certification equivalences
Recreational certification equivalences
European and ISO standards
There are two European standards with corresponding International standards specifying competence for recreational divers and recreational diving instructors.The European Standard EN 14153/International Standard ISO 24801 contains minimum standards for recreational divers at three levels and defines the scope of diving for these certifications:
- EN 14153-1/ISO 24801-1 Recreational diving services - Safety related minimum competence requirements for the training of recreational scuba divers - Part 1: The level 1 "Supervised diver" has sufficient knowledge, skill and experience to dive, in open water, to a recommended maximum depth of 12 m, which do not require in-water decompression stops, under the direct supervision of a dive leader, in groups of up to four level 1 scuba divers per dive leader provided the dive leader is capable of establishing physical contact with all level 1 scuba divers at any point during the dive, only when appropriate support is available at the surface, and under conditions that are equal or better than the conditions where they were trained.
- EN 14153-2/ ISO 24801-2 Recreational diving services - Safety related minimum competence requirements for the training of recreational scuba divers - Part 2: The level 2 "Autonomous diver" has sufficient knowledge, skill and experience to make dives, in open water, which do not require in-water decompression stops, to a recommended maximum depth of 20 m with other scuba divers of the same level, only when appropriate support is available at the surface, and under conditions that are equal or better than the conditions where they were trained without supervision of a scuba instructor, unless they have additional training or are accompanied by a dive leader. and
- EN 14153-3/ ISO 24801-3 Recreational diving services - Safety related minimum competence requirements for the training of recreational scuba divers - Part 3: The level 3 "Dive leader" has sufficient knowledge, skill and experience to plan, organize and conduct their dives and lead other recreational scuba divers in open water. They are also competent to conduct any specialized recreational scuba diving activities for which they have received appropriate training, and to plan and execute emergency procedures appropriate for those diving environments and activities. If diving and environmental conditions are significantly different from those previously experienced, a level 3 "Dive Leader" requires an appropriate orientation with regard to local environmental conditions, and may require appropriate specialized training and experience to lead dives which have more demanding operational parameters.
- EN 14413-1/ ISO 24802-1 Recreational Diving Services - Safety related minimum requirements for the training of scuba instructors - Part 1: A level 1 scuba instructor is competent to teach and assess scuba students up to level 1 on their theoretical knowledge and skills in confined water. If supervised and authorized by a level 2 instructor, also to gain experience in teaching and assessing the theoretical knowledge of scuba diver levels 2 to 3, teach any level of scuba diver in confined water, and gain experience in teaching and assessing open water surface skills, and if directly observed and supervised by a level 2 instructor, to gain experience in teaching and evaluating any skills in confined and open water.
- EN 14413-2/ ISO 24802-2 Recreational Diving Services - Safety related minimum requirements for the training of scuba instructors - Part 2: A level 2 scuba instructor is competent to plan, organize and conduct dives and lead other recreational scuba divers of all levels in open water, including rescue activities, teach and assess students up to scuba diver level 1, 2 and 3, to supervise level 1 scuba instructors, and to plan, organize and conduct scuba diver training courses. With suitable additional training or experience the level 2 instructor is competent to plan, organize and conduct speciality training and diving operational activities.
CMAS standards
The Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques oversees an international system of recreational snorkel and scuba diver training and recognition. CMAS publishes minimum training standards which provide an international equivalence system for diver certification issued by its member federations.WRSTC standards
The World Recreational Scuba Training Council publishes a series of nine course standards for recreational diver training. The US national council is the accredited standards developer for the "Diving Instructional Standards and Safety" committee of the American National Standards Institute.Commercial certification equivalences
The International Diving Schools Association publishes a list of commercial diver certification equivalences, based on the minimum requirements of the association for 4 levels of commercial diver certification:| Country | IDSA Level 1 Commercial scuba | IDSA Level 2 Surface Supplied Inshore Air Diver | IDSA Level 3 Surface Supplied Offshore Air Diver | IDSA Level 4 Closed Bell Diver |
| Australia | Part 1 | Part 3 | Part 4 | |
| Belgium | OOW-SYNTRA or OTS-CFPME | |||
| Canada | Unrestricted SCUBA | Unrestricted SCUBA plus Restricted Surface Supplied Diver | Surface Supplied Mixed Gas Diver to 70m, or Unrestricted Surface Supplied Diver to 50m + Unrestricted SCUBA | Bell diver |
| Denmark | National SCUBA Diver | Surface supplied diver to 50m | ||
| Finland | National SCUBA Diver | National Surface Supply Diver - 50m | ||
| France | Class 1 Mention A or B | Class 1 Mention A | Class 2 Mention A | Class 3 Mention A |
| The Netherlands | Certificate A | Certificate B | ||
| Italy | OSS | OTS.BF | OTS.AF | |
| New Zealand | Part 1 | Part 2 | ||
| Norway | NPD Surface Diver | NPD Bell diver | ||
| South Africa | Class 4 | Class 3 | Class 2 | Class 1 |
| Sweden | Diver Certificate A | Diver Certificate B | Diver Certificate C Wet Bell 60m | |
| UK | HSE Part 4 or HSE SCUBA | HSE Part 3 + Task Training Module or HSE SCUBA + HSE Surface Supply + Tools Training Module | HSE Part 1 or HSE SCUBA + HSE Surface Supply + Tools Training Module + Surface Supplied Top Up | HSE Part 2 or HSE Closed Bell |
| USA | American National Standard for Divers - ANSI/ACDE012009 |