Dorchester, Boston


Dorchester is a Boston neighborhood comprising more than in the City of Boston, Massachusetts, United States. Originally, Dorchester was a separate town, founded by Puritans who emigrated in 1630 from Dorchester, Dorset, England, to the Massachusetts Bay Colony. This dissolved municipality, Boston's largest neighborhood by far, is often divided by city planners in order to create two planning areas roughly equivalent in size and population to other Boston neighborhoods.
The neighborhood is named after the town of Dorchester in the English county of Dorset, from which Puritans emigrated on the ship Mary and John, among others.
Founded in 1630, just a few months before the founding of the city of Boston, Dorchester now covers a geographic area approximately equivalent to nearby Cambridge. It was still a primarily rural town and had a population of 12,000 when it was annexed to Boston in 1870. Railroad and streetcar lines brought rapid growth, increasing the population to 150,000 by 1920. In the 2010 United States Census, the neighborhood's population was 92,115.
The Dorchester neighborhood has a very diverse population, which includes a large concentration of African Americans, European Americans, Caribbean Americans, Latinos, and East and Southeast Asian Americans. Dorchester also has a significant LGBT population, with active political groups and the largest concentration of same-sex couples in Boston after the South End and Jamaica Plain. Most of the people over the age of 25 have completed high school or obtained a GED.

History

Indigenous people

Dorchester was originally inhabited by the Neponset/Neponsett tribe of the Massachusett nation. For generations, they made their home along the Neponset River estuary, which was a plentiful source of food due to the freshwater meeting the salt water. The Neponsett "concept of land ownership differed sharply from the European. The Massachusett did not own the land, but what was on it or what it produced. The Neponsett owned the shellfish beds, beaver, and trout from the marsh and river; the planting fields from the hillsides and the deer from the forests."
As one of the first groups of Indigenous peoples to encounter English colonists, the Neponset people experienced a rapid decline in population in the 17th and 18th centuries due to violence perpetrated by the English and infectious diseases brought by the Europeans. The Massachusett leader, Chickatawbut, negotiated with the first settlers, but he died of smallpox in 1633, and his brother, Cutshamekin deeded further land to the settlers. Despite several centuries of struggle due to European settlement, members of the Neponsett/Ponkapoag tribe continue to live in the Boston area and have established a tribal council.

17th century: Settlement and incorporation

In 1626 David Thompson settled his family on Thompson Island in what is now Dorchester before Boston's Puritan migration wave began in 1630. May 30, 1630, Captain Squib of the ship Mary and John entered Boston Harbor and on June 17, 1630, landed a boat with eight men on the Dorchester shore, at what was then a narrow peninsula known as Mattapan or Mattaponnock, and today is known as Columbia Point. Those aboard the ship who founded the town included William Phelps, Roger Ludlowe, John Mason, John Maverick, Nicholas Upsall, Capt. Roger Fyler, William Gaylord, Henry Wolcott and other men who would become prominent in the founding of a new nation. The original settlement founded in 1630 was at what is now the intersection of Columbia Road and Massachusetts Avenue..
Most of the early Dorchester settlers came from the West Country of England, and some from Dorchester, Dorset, where the Rev. John White was chief proponent of a Puritan settlement in the New World. The town that was founded was centered on the First Parish Church of Dorchester, which still exists as the Unitarian-Universalist church on Meeting House Hill and is the oldest religious organization in present-day Boston.
On October 8, 1633, the first Town Meeting in America was held in Dorchester. Today, each October 8 is celebrated as Town Meeting Day in Massachusetts. Dorchester is the birthplace of the first public elementary school in America, the Mather School, established in 1639. The school still stands as the oldest elementary school in America. In 1634 Israel Stoughton built one of the earliest grist mills in America on the Neponset River, and Richard Callicott founded a trading post nearby. In 1641, Dorcas Ye Blackmore, a servant to Israel Stoughton, was the first recorded African American to join a church in New England, and she served as an evangelist to Stoughton's Native American servants, and the First Parish Church of Dorchester attempted to help Dorcas gain her freedom.
In 1649, Puritan missionaries, including John Eliot, began a campaign to convert the Indigenous people in Dorchester to Christianity with the help of Cockenoe and John Sassamon, two Indian servants in Dorchester. Eliot was given land by the town of Dorchester for his mission, where he established a church and school.
The oldest surviving home in the city of Boston, the James Blake House, is located at Edward Everett Square, which is the historic intersection of Columbia Road, Boston Street, and Massachusetts Avenue, a few blocks from the Dorchester Historical Society. The Blake House was constructed in 1661, as was confirmed by dendrochronology in 2007.
In 1695, a party was dispatched to found the town of Dorchester, South Carolina, which lasted barely a half-century before being abandoned.

18th century

In 1765, chocolate was first introduced in the American colonies when Irish chocolate maker John Hannon imported beans from the West Indies and refined them in Dorchester, working with Dr. James Baker, an American physician and investor. They soon after opened America's first chocolate mill and factory in the Lower Mills section of Dorchester. The Walter Baker Chocolate Factory, part of Walter Baker & Company, operated until 1965.
Before the American Revolution, "The Sons of Liberty met in August 1769 at the Lemuel Robinson Tavern, which stood on the east side of the upper road near the present Fuller Street. Lemuel Robinson was a representative of the town during the Revolution and was appointed a colonel in the Revolutionary army." Dorchester was also the site of the Battle of Dorchester Heights in 1776, which eventually resulted in the British evacuating Boston.

19th century

Victorian era

In Victorian times, Dorchester became a popular country retreat for Boston elite, and developed into a bedroom community, easily accessible to the city—a streetcar suburb. The mother and grandparents of John F. Kennedy lived in the Ashmont Hill neighborhood while John F. "Honey Fitz" Fitzgerald was mayor of Boston.
The American poet Oliver Wendell Holmes, wrote a poem called "The Dorchester Giant" in 1830, and referred to the special kind of stone, "Roxbury puddingstone", also quarried in Dorchester, which was used to build churches in the Boston area, most notably the Central Congregational Church in Boston's Back Bay neighborhood.
In 1845, the Old Colony Railroad ran through the area and connected Boston and Plymouth, Massachusetts. The station was originally called Crescent Avenue or Crescent Avenue Depot as an Old Colony Railroad station, then called Columbia until December 1, 1982, and then again changed to JFK/UMASS. It is a Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority rail line station for both the Red Line subway and the Plymouth/Kingston, Middleborough/Lakeville and Greenbush commuter rail lines.
In the 1840s and 1850s, a new wave of development took place on a strip of waterfront overlooking Dorchester Bay Renowned architects who had contributed to one of the most significant and intact collections of Clam Point's Italianate mansards include Luther Briggs, John A. Fox, and Mary E. Noyes. By the 1890s, Clam Point gained prominence as a summer resort with the Russell House hotel as its centerpiece and the establishment of the Dorchester Yacht Club on Freeport Street.
In the 1880s, the calf pasture on Columbia Point was used as a Boston sewer line and pumping station. This large pumping station still stands and in its time was a model for treating sewage and helping to promote cleaner and healthier urban living conditions. It pumped waste to a remote treatment facility on Moon Island in Boston Harbor, and served as a model for other systems worldwide. This system remained in active use and was the Boston Sewer system's headworks, handling all of the city's sewage, until 1968 when a new treatment facility was built on Deer Island. The pumping station is also architecturally significant as a Richardsonian Romanesque designed by the then Boston city architect, George Clough. It is also the only remaining 19th century building on Columbia Point and is in the National Register of Historic Places.

Annexation to Boston

Dorchester was annexed by Boston in pieces beginning on March 6, 1804, and ending with complete annexation to the city of Boston after a plebiscite was held in Boston and Dorchester on June 22, 1869. As a result, Dorchester officially became part of Boston on January 3, 1870. This is also the historic reason that Dorchester Heights is today considered part of South Boston, not modern-day Dorchester, since it was part of the cession of Dorchester to Boston in 1804. Additional parts of Dorchester were ceded to Quincy and portions of the original town of Dorchester became the separate towns of Hyde Park, Milton, and Stoughton.
In 1895, Frederick Law Olmsted, architect of the Boston Public Garden/Emerald Necklace and Central Park, was commissioned to create Dorchester Park, to be an urban forest for the residents of a growing Dorchester.
In 1904, the Dorchester Historical Society incorporated "Dorchester Day" which commemorated the settlement of Dorchester in 1630. An annual event, Dorchester Day is a tableau of community events, highlighted by such activities as the Landing Day Observance, the Dorchester Day Parade along Dorchester Avenue the first Sunday in June, and as a grand finale, the Community Banquet.

Turn of the 20th century

There was also increased social activism in Dorchester during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Dorchester became home to the first racially integrated neighborhood, on Jones Hill. One of the residents of that neighborhood, William Monroe Trotter, with W.E.B. Du Bois, helped to found the Niagara Movement, the precursor of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Many leading suffragettes also lived in Dorchester, including Lucy Stone.
In the early 20th century, Dorchester also saw a large influx of new immigrants from origins such as Ireland, French Canada, Poland, Italy, and migrant African Americans from the south. This is the era when the trademark Dorchester triple decker apartment buildings were built.

1950s–present

In the early 1950s, Dorchester was also a center of civil rights activism. Martin Luther King Jr. lived there for much of the time he attended Boston University for his PhD. "With Boston’s Baptist community riveted by his preaching and Coretta at his side, King’s circle grew. The Dorchester apartment drew friends and followers like a magnet, according to Bustamante, with 'untold numbers of visitors coming from the other schools.' The roommates housed and fed the visitors, who would join in civil rights discussions."
During the 1960s–1980s, the ethnic landscape of Dorchester [|changed dramatically]. The Jewish, Italian, and Irish populations were replaced with African, Asian, and Caribbean populations.
The first community health center in the United States was the Columbia Point Health Center in Dorchester. It was opened in December 1965 and served mostly the massive Columbia Point public housing complex adjoining it. It was founded by two medical doctors, Jack Geiger who had been on the faculty of Harvard University then later at Tufts University and Count Gibson from Tufts University. Geiger had previously studied the first community health centers and the principles of Community Oriented Primary Care with Sidney Kark and colleagues while serving as a medical student in rural Natal, South Africa. The Columbia Point Health Center is still in operation and was rededicated in 1990 as the Geiger-Gibson Community Health Center.
In 1974, the University of Massachusetts Boston moved from Park Square in downtown Boston to the Columbia Point in Dorchester. In 1982, Boston State College was incorporated into UMass Boston. Since the 1970s, UMass Boston has expanded substantially, including building a new campus center in 2004 and a new science center in 2015. It has also hosted numerous important social and civic events. In 2000, for example, the university hosted a presidential candidates’ debate between George W. Bush and Al Gore.
In 1977, after an unsuccessful bid to have the John F. Kennedy Library in Cambridge, Massachusetts, close to Harvard University, ground was broken at the tip of Columbia Point for the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, designed by the architect I. M. Pei, and dedicated on October 20, 1979.
By the 1980s, the Blue Hill Avenue section of Dorchester had become a predominantly black community. During the 1990s, the city administration increased police presence and invested city money into the area for more street lighting.
On March 30, 2015, the Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate was dedicated by President Barack Obama. The Institute opened to the public on March 31, 2015.

Geography

Dorchester is located south of downtown Boston and is surrounded by the neighborhoods of South Boston, Roxbury, Jamaica Plain, Hyde Park, South End, and the city of Quincy and town of Milton. The Neponset River separates Dorchester from Quincy and Milton. According to the U.S. Postal Service, Dorchester includes the zip codes 02121, 02122, 02124, and 02125.

Neighborhood sections and squares

Dorchester is Boston's largest and most populous neighborhood and comprises many smaller sections and squares. Due to its size of about six square miles, it is often divided for statistical purposes in North and South Dorchester. North Dorchester includes the portion north of Quincy Street, East Street and Freeport Street. The main business district in this part of Dorchester is Uphams Corner, at the intersection of Dudley Street and Columbia Road. South Dorchester is bordered to the east by Dorchester Bay and to the south by the Neponset River. The main business districts in this part of Dorchester are Fields Corner, at the intersection of Dorchester Avenue and Adams Street, and Codman Square, at the intersection of Washington Street and Talbot Avenue. Adjacent to Fields Corner is the Harrison Square Historic District, also known as Clam Point, noteworthy for its collection of substantial Italianate Mansard residences.
Dorchester Avenue is the major neighborhood spine, running in a south-north line through all of Dorchester from Lower Mills to downtown Boston. The southern part of Dorchester is primarily a residential area, with established neighborhoods still defined by parishes, and occupied by families for generations. The northern part of Dorchester is more urban, with a greater amount of apartment housing and industrial parks. South Bay Center and Newmarket industrial area are major sources of employment and the Harbor Point area is home of several large employers, including the Boston campus of the University of Massachusetts, the Massachusetts Archives and Commonwealth Museum, the Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate, and the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Distinct commercial districts include Bowdoin/Geneva, Fields Corner, Codman Square, Peabody Square, Adams Village and Lower Mills. Primarily residential areas include Savin Hill, Jones Hill, Four Corners, Franklin Field, Franklin Hill, Ashmont, Meeting House Hill, Neponset, Popes Hill and Port Norfolk.

Demographics

Up until the 1960s, the Blue Hill Avenue part of Dorchester from Roxbury to Mattapan was primarily composed of Jewish Americans who had lived there for generations. The Neponset neighborhood was primarily Irish-American. During the 1920s–1960s, many African-Americans moved from the South to the North during the Great Migration and settled on Blue Hill Avenue and nearby sections. While some Jewish-Americans were moving "up and out" to the suburbs, certain Boston banks and real estate companies developed a blockbusting plan for the area. The Blue Hill Avenue area was "redlined" so that only the newly arriving African-Americans would receive mortgages for housing in that section. "White flight" was prevalent. Later, Dorchester had another wave of immigrants, this time from Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Vietnam, Cape Verde, as well as other Latin American, Asian, and African nations. Dorchester continued to experience immigration from Northern European countries such as Ireland, Germany and Poland. This made Dorchester more diverse than at any point in its long history, and home to more people from more countries than ever before. These immigrants helped revive economically many areas of the neighborhood by opening ethnic stores and restaurants.
The sections of Dorchester have distinct ethnic, racial, and socioeconomic compositions. The eastern areas of Dorchester are primarily ethnic European and Asian, with a large population of Irish Americans and Vietnamese Americans, while the residents of the western, central and parts of the southern sections of the neighborhood are predominantly African Americans. In Neponset, the southeast corner of the neighborhood, as well as parts of Savin Hill in the north and Cedar Grove in the south, Irish Americans maintain the most visible identity. In the northern section of Dorchester and southwestern section of South Boston is the Polish Triangle, where recent Polish immigrants are residents. Savin Hill, as well as Fields Corner, have large Vietnamese American populations. Uphams Corner contains a Cape Verdean American community, the largest concentration of people of Cape Verdean origin within Boston city limits. Western, central and parts of southern Dorchester have a large Caribbean population. They are most heavily represented in the Codman Square, Franklin Field and the Ashmont area, although there are also significant numbers in Four Corners and Fields Corner. Significant numbers of African Americans live in the Harbor Point, Uphams Corner, Fields Corner, Four Corners and Franklin Field areas. In recent years Dorchester has also seen an influx of young residents, gay men and women, and working artists.

American Community Survey – Estimates – 2013

The American Community Survey for Dorchester, from 2007–2011, estimates the total population is 113,975 people. Slightly more than half are female, 52.6% or 59,914 and 47.4% or 54,061 are male.
In Dorchester, 68.4% or 77,980 of the residents are native born and 31.6% or 35,995 people are foreign born, of which 50.1% or 18,024 are not U.S. citizens. The largest racial group in the neighborhood is Black or African-American with 49,612 people or 43.05% of the population. People who self-identify as white represent 26,102 or 26.99% of the community. Hispanic/Latino account for 19.09% of the population with 19,295 resident. The Asian enclave represents 9.6% of 10,990 of the citizenry. The smallest racial group is bi/multi-racial and they make up 1.9% of the population.
According to the ACS survey, Dorchester has a large under 25 population with 38.1% or 43,472 people and 33,162 of them under the age of 19 years old. Between the ages of 25 to 64 years old there are 59,788 or 52.6% people and 10,715 people or 9.3% are over the age of 65 years old. In Dorchester, approximately 61.9% or 70,503 people are over the age of 25, 23.5% or 16,582 people do not have a high school diploma or GED, 30.5% or 21,479 have a diploma or GED, 18.5% or 13,045 people have completed some college, and 27.5% or 19,397 people have a college degree.
The ACS Survey estimates there are 40,443 households in the neighborhood of Dorchester, the per capita income of $22,120 and a median income of $44,136. 13.1% or 5,286 households have reported income of less than $10,000. 27.3% or 11,020 households earn less than $19,999. 19.1% or 7,720 households earn between $20,000 to 39,999.16.5% or 6,651 households in the earn between $40,000 to 59,999. 19.7% or 7,977 households earn between $60,000 to 99,999. 15.3% or 6,174 of household report annual incomes of $100,000 to 199,999. Only 2.2% or 901 households in Dorchester earn $200,000 or more per year. The ACS reports as of 2011, Poverty affects 23.5% or 9,511 households and 24.3% or 9,820 of households are receiving SNAP Benefits.

Race

RacePercentage of
02122
population		Percentage of
Massachusetts
population		Percentage of
United States
population		ZIP Code-to-State
Difference		ZIP Code-to-USA
Difference
White37.7%81.3%76.6%–43.6%–38.9%
White 34.1%72.1%60.7%–38.0%–26.6%
Black30.9%8.8%13.4%+22.1%+17.5%
Asian18.4%6.9%5.8%+11.5%+12.6%
Hispanic11.9%11.9%18.1%+0.0%–6.2%
Native Americans/Hawaiians0.0%0.6%1.5%–0.6%–1.5%
Two or more races3.5%2.4%2.7%+1.1%+0.8%

RacePercentage of
02124
population		Percentage of
Massachusetts
population		Percentage of
United States
population		ZIP Code-to-State
Difference		ZIP Code-to-USA
Difference
Black64.4%8.8%13.4%+55.6%+61.0%
White22.6%81.3%76.6%–58.7%–54.0%
White 16.3%72.1%60.7%–55.8%–44.4%
Hispanic15.8%11.9%18.1%+3.9%–2.3%
Asian6.2%6.9%5.8%–0.7%+0.4%
Native Americans/Hawaiians1.1%0.6%1.5%+0.5%–0.4%
Two or more races2.9%2.4%2.7%+0.5%+0.2%

RacePercentage of
02125
population		Percentage of
Massachusetts
population		Percentage of
United States
population		ZIP Code-to-State
Difference		ZIP Code-to-USA
Difference
White34.2%81.3%76.6%–47.1%–42.4%
White 30.4%72.1%60.7%–41.7%–30.3%
Black29.7%8.8%13.4%+20.9%+16.3%
Hispanic20.3%11.9%18.1%+8.4%+2.2%
Asian12.8%6.9%5.8%+5.9%+7.0%
Native Americans/Hawaiians0.5%0.6%1.5%–0.1%+1.0%
Two or more races5.1%2.4%2.7%+2.7%+2.4%

Ancestry

According to the 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, the largest ancestry groups in ZIP Codes 02121, 02122, 02124, and 02125 are:
AncestryPercentage of
02121
population		Percentage of
Massachusetts
population		Percentage of
United States
population		ZIP Code-to-State
Difference		ZIP Code-to-USA
Difference
West Indian15.53%1.96%0.90%+13.57%+14.62%
Puerto Rican10.76%4.52%1.66%+6.24%+9.10%
Sub-Saharan African7.82%2.00%1.01%+5.82%+6.81%
Haitian7.18%1.15%0.31%+6.02%+6.87%
Jamaican4.22%0.44%0.34%+3.78%+3.88%
Cape Verdean3.92%0.97%0.03%+2.95%+3.89%
American2.84%4.26%6.89%–1.42%–4.05%
Somali1.57%0.06%0.04%+1.50%+1.52%

AncestryPercentage of
02122
population		Percentage of
Massachusetts
population		Percentage of
United States
population		ZIP Code-to-State
Difference		ZIP Code-to-USA
Difference
Irish18.94%21.16%10.39%–2.22%+8.55%
Vietnamese16.67%0.69%0.54%+15.98%+16.13%
Sub-Saharan African10.85%2.00%1.01%+8.85%+9.84%
Cape Verdean8.57%0.97%0.03%+7.60%+8.54%
Italian6.43%13.19%5.39%–6.75%+1.04%
West Indian5.61%1.96%0.90%+3.65%+4.70%
Puerto Rican4.67%4.52%1.66%+0.15%+3.01%
American3.55%4.26%6.89%–0.71%–3.34%
Haitian2.36%1.15%0.31%+1.21%+2.05%
Polish1.93%4.67%2.93%–2.73%–1.00%
English1.66%9.77%7.67%–8.12%–6.01%
Jamaican1.59%0.44%0.34%+1.15%+1.25%
German1.39%6.00%14.40%–4.61%–13.01%
Asian Indian1.19%1.39%1.09%–0.20%+0.10%
French1.09%6.82%2.56%–5.74%–1.47%

AncestryPercentage of
02124
population		Percentage of
Massachusetts
population		Percentage of
United States
population		ZIP Code-to-State
Difference		ZIP Code-to-USA
Difference
West Indian19.04%1.96%0.31%+17.08%+18.14%
Haitian8.14%1.15%0.31%+6.99%+7.83%
Irish7.97%21.16%10.39%–13.18%–2.41%
Sub-Saharan African7.54%2.00%1.01%+5.54%+6.52%
Puerto Rican7.50%4.52%1.66%+2.98%+5.84%
Jamaican5.39%0.44%0.34%+4.95%+5.04%
Vietnamese4.83%0.69%0.54%+4.14%+4.29%
Cape Verdean3.96%0.97%0.03%+2.99%+3.93%
American2.74%4.26%6.89%–1.53%–4.16%
Trinidadian/Tobagonian2.62%0.10%0.07%+2.52%+2.55%
English2.23%9.77%7.67%–7.54%–5.44%
Italian2.16%13.19%5.39%–11.03%–3.23%
German1.29%6.00%14.40%–4.72%–13.12%
Barbadian1.14%0.08%0.02%+1.05%+1.12%
Guyanese1.11%0.03%0.07%+1.08%+1.04%

AncestryPercentage of
02125
population		Percentage of
Massachusetts
population		Percentage of
United States
population		ZIP Code-to-State
Difference		ZIP Code-to-USA
Difference
Sub-Saharan African15.27%2.00%1.01%+13.27%+14.26%
Cape Verdean13.02%0.97%0.03%+12.05%+12.98%
Irish9.34%21.16%10.39%–11.82%–1.05%
American9.07%4.26%6.89%+4.81%+2.18%
Vietnamese7.33%0.69%0.54%+6.64%+6.79%
Puerto Rican6.90%4.52%1.66%+2.38%+5.24%
West Indian5.26%1.96%0.90%+3.30%+4.36%
Italian3.18%13.19%5.39%–10.00%–2.21%
Chinese3.03%2.28%1.24%+0.75%+1.79%
Polish2.92%4.67%2.93%–1.75%–0.02%
German2.32%6.00%14.40%–3.69%–12.08%
English2.12%9.77%7.67%–7.66%–5.55%
Haitian1.94%1.15%0.31%+0.79%+1.64%
Albanian1.50%0.28%0.06%+1.22%+1.44%
Arab1.44%1.10%0.59%+0.35%+0.85%
Mexican1.29%0.67%11.96%+0.62%–10.67%
Asian Indian1.20%1.39%1.09%–0.19%+0.11%
French1.05%6.82%2.56%–5.77%–1.51%

Transportation

The neighborhood is served by five stations on the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Red Line rapid transit service, five stations on the Ashmont-Mattapan High Speed Line, five stations on the Fairmount Commuter Rail Line, and various bus routes. Over the last decade, the Dorchester branch of the Red Line had major renovations, including four rapid transit stations being rebuilt at Savin Hill, Fields Corner, Shawmut, and Ashmont. At Ashmont station, the city of Boston and the state of Massachusetts partnered with private investors to create The Carruth, one of the state's first Transit-oriented developments.
Interstate 93 runs north–south through Dorchester between Quincy, Massachusetts, and downtown Boston, providing access to the eastern edge of Dorchester at Columbia Road, Morrissey Boulevard, Neponset Circle, and Granite Avenue. Several other state routes traverse the neighborhood, e.g., Route 203, Gallivan Boulevard and Morton Street, and Route 28, Blue Hill Avenue. The Neponset River separates Dorchester from Quincy and Milton. The "Dorchester Turnpike" stretches from Fort Point Channel to Lower Mills, and once boasted a horse-drawn streetcar.
A number of the earliest streets in Dorchester have changed names several times through the centuries, meaning that some names have come and gone. Leavitt Place, for instance, named for one of Dorchester's earliest settlers, eventually became Brook Court and then Brook Avenue Place. Gallivan Boulevard was once Codman Street and Brookvale Street was once Brook Street. Morrissey Boulevard was once Old Colony Parkway.

Economy

Throughout its history, Dorchester has had periods of economic revival and recession. In the 1960s and 1970s, Dorchester was particularly hard hit by economic recession, high unemployment, and white flight.
In 1953, Carney Hospital moved from South Boston to its current location in Dorchester, serving the local communities of Dorchester, Mattapan, Milton and Quincy.
In 1953, a major public housing project was completed on the Columbia Point peninsula of Dorchester. There were 1,502 units in the development on of land. It was later known for high rates of crime and poor living conditions, and it went through particularly bad times in the 1970s and 80s. By 1988, there were only 350 families living there. In 1984, the City of Boston gave control of it to a private developer, Corcoran-Mullins-Jennison, who redeveloped the property into a residential mixed-income community called Harbor Point Apartments which was opened in 1988 and completed by 1990. It was the first federal housing project to be converted to private, mixed-income housing in the USA. Harbor Point has won much acclaim for this transformation, including awards from the Urban Land Institute, the FIABCI Award for International Excellence, and the Rudy Bruner Award for Urban Excellence.
During the housing crisis of 2008 in the United States, Dorchester's Hendry Street became the epicenter in the media In reaction, the city of Boston negotiated to buy several of the houses for as little as $30,000. It is moving to seize other foreclosed properties on which the owners have not paid taxes. The houses were renovated and added to the inventory of subsidized rental housing.
In 2008, plans and proposals were unveiled and presented to public community hearings by the Corcoran-Jennison Company to redevelop the Bayside Exposition Center site on the Columbia Point peninsula into a mixed use village of storefronts and residences, called "Bayside on the Point". However, in 2009, the Bayside Expo Center property was lost in a foreclosure on Corcoran-Jennison to a Florida-based real estate firm, LNR/CMAT, who bought it. Soon after, the University of Massachusetts Boston bought the property from them to build future campus facilities.
The corporate headquarters of the Boston Globe was also located in Dorchester. In 2009, the New York Times, current owner, put the paper up for bid, leading to concern from local community members, who had seen other major employers close their doors. After negotiations with their union and cost reduction measures, the New York Times abandoned its plan to sell the Boston Globe in October 2009, but the paper relocated in 2017 to downtown Boston.
In the 20th century, many of the labor unions in Boston relocated their headquarters to Dorchester. This includes the Boston Teachers Union, International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local 103, New England Regional Council of Carpenters, International Association of Fire Fighters Local 718, among others.

Crime

Dorchester, with a population of approximately 130,000, is home to nearly one fifth of all Boston residents. In the early 1990s, Dorchester, along with Roxbury and Mattapan neighborhoods, had the highest percentage of victims with violence-related injuries. Since the early 2000s, crime rates across Boston declined. In the first three months of 2013, Boston crime rates reportedly dropped 15 percent, compared to the same time period in 2012. According to Dorchester Reporter crime maps, the more dangerous areas in Dorchester are located to the west of Columbia Road, with criminal activity centered on Blue Hill Avenue area. Safer parts of the neighborhood include Savin Hill; the historic neighborhood of Clam Point; Columbia Point, which is populated by mostly UMass Boston students; Ashmont Hill; Saint Mark's; Pope's Hill; Cedar Grove; Lower Mills, around the Neponset, Gallivan, and Morrissey Boulevard areas; and the Jones Hill neighborhood.
Statistics
According to the website Area Vibes, the overall crime rate in Dorchester is 30% higher than the national average, and for every 100,000 people there are 10.55 daily crimes that occur in Dorchester such as; violent crimes and property crimes. Property crime is much higher than violent crime. 831 out of 100,000 people are involved in violent crime, and 3,021 out of 100,000 are involved in property crime.
The chance of being a victim of:

Primary and secondary schools

Public schools

Students in Dorchester are served by Boston Public Schools. BPS assigns students based on preferences of the applicants and priorities of students in various zones.
Dorchester High School predated the annexation of Dorchester to Boston. At its founding, it was an all-male school, first opened on December 10, 1852. In 1870 Dorchester was annexed to Boston and its schools became managed by the City of Boston. A replacement facility opened in Codman Square on Talbot Avenue 1901. The current Dorchester facility opened in 1925 on Peacevale Road to males, while the Talbot Avenue building was for females. In 1953 Dorchester High School consolidated as a coeducational school.
Today, Dorchester houses many of the city's high schools. Dorchester Education Complex is in Dorchester. The schools within the Dorchester complex include the Academy of Public Service, the Edward G. Noonan Business Academy, and TechBoston Academy. In September 2009 the Academy of Public Service and the Noonan Business Academy will merge into the Edward G. Noonan Academy for Business, Public Service and Law. Jeremiah E. Burke High School, a high school, is also located in Dorchester.
Other schools include:
Many Catholic schools closed in the 2000s. The remaining schools as of summer 2018 are:
operates six neighborhood branches in Dorchester.
is located at 2100 Dorchester Avenue. Carney Hospital provides over 500 physicians with primary care and specialist physicians. They provide services like behavior health, cancer care, cardiac and vascular, gynecology services, neurology, orthopedics, rehabilitation and physical therapy, along with many more services. Carney Hospital aims to provide the Dorchester community with health and wellness. Carney Hospital has been serving the community since 1863. It is affiliated with Tufts University School Of Medicine, making it a teaching and training hospital for upcoming physicians in both internal medicine and family medicine.
Codman Square Health Center is a community-based outpatient healthcare located on 637 Washington Street. They have been a functioning clinic since 1979 with the dream "To build the best urban community in America". They employ about 280 multi-lingual staff members, most of whom reside in the neighborhoods surrounding Codman Square.
In Dorchester there is a local organization by the name of Urban Asthma Coalition which aims to promote the collaboration between other organizations and residents who are concerned about factors in the community that affect asthma: the environment, quality of health care, access to health care, and education. Residents can join the active committee to promote better health and awareness. The aim is to collaborate with the communities to change the policies through administrative advocacy that affect the community members who have asthma. They have been successful in providing 1,000 new healthy and affordable housing in a year, green and healthy cleaners for the local schools, a city program that works with health professionals and enforcement officers to further the improvement of housing qualities for the children of the area.
The Geiger-Gibson Health Center located in the Harbor Point section near UMass Boston is the oldest Community Health Center in the United States.

Housing

Most of Dorchester's population, about 63.3% or 72,239 people, lives in rental housing. The gross median monthly rent is $1,450, which totals $17,400 per year and exceeds the income of almost 30% of the population. An estimated 40,180 people live in owner-occupied homes and 1.4% or 1556 residents live in group homes/shelters.
Excluding government-owned housing, Dorchester has 15,918 residential buildings including 4,344 or 27.3% single-family homes, 3,674 or 23.1% two-family homes, 3,919 or 24.6% three-family homes, and 3,981 or 25.0% condo units. The median sales price for all residential property types is 244,450. In 2013, there were 52 foreclosures petitions reported in Dorchester, representing 22.41% of the 232 foreclosures reported for the entire City Boston. Subsequently, 37 out 147 distressed buildings documented in Boston are located in Dorchester.

Safety

Dorchester, located 40 Gibson St, Dorchester, MA 02122. To create an environment of trust, and empower the neighborhood is the goal. There are over 50 community meetings held monthly that allow the police department to partner with the seniors, community residents, business as well as the faith-based leaders of Dorchester. The police department also works closely to provide the community with crime prevention and safety tips. "Communication is the life-blood of our neighborhood"
Dorchester has available shelters for those in need, a homeless shelter by the name of Pilgrim church that is an adult shelter open to men only. This shelter is located on 540 Columbia Road Dorchester MA The shelter is run by the Pilgrim church and it offers over night shelter, food, clothing, showers, first aid, and other supportive services. The shelter also provides evening transportation from Boston to the shelter. The shelter was originally established in 1990 by positive lifestyles and now is currently under the direction of United Homes Adult services.

Urban policies

Income – Massachusetts sales tax rate is 6.25%, income tax is 5.20%. Income per capita is $18,226 which includes adults and children. Median household income $30,419.

Public policy issues

There are many controversial public issues that are on the agenda for action by the city hall in Boston. These controversial issues have been in the works for months even years and many of the Dorchester residents are being directly affected along with the quality of their lives. Local residents and activist are working together to find ways to address the issues not only for them and their children but their neighborhoods as well. Some of the problems are public safety, high crime volume, poor educational resources, and lack of housing for low income families. The goals of the organizations are to provided the neighborhood with
The Two organizations that are working close knit to tackle these issues; First Parish Dorchester and The Bowdoin Geneva Resident Association.

City budget plans

Mayor Marty Walsh proposed a budget for 2017 in which included is a five-year capital plan that is intended to make improvements to the infrastructure of Dorchester. The new projects involve building new libraries and also a modernizing the Boston Public Libraries branches in Dorchester. The City parks are also another investment Walsh intends to take on in the Five year capital plan. The plans are to add more lights to Doherty-Gibson park in Fields Corner and another $3.7 million to make improvements in Harambee park next to the Franklin Field. The rest of the budget is intended to be used to complete already started projects in Savin Hill, King Street, Hemenway, Dower Avenue, and Ronan Park.

Community resource

Education

Based on the 2010 Census Dorchester has 114,235 for a total population. Just about 15,530 are under the age of eighteen.

Food

The former president of Trader Joe's opened a non-profit retail food shop called the Daily Table,

Entertainment

Dorchester has various attractions, including the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate, Boston Winery, , Boston Harbor Distillery, Strand Theatre, Commonwealth Museum, Greater Boston House Concert, Franklin Park Zoo, the Neponset Rivery Greenway and Lower Neponset River Trail. Dorchester has Fields Corner which is a commercial center that is one of Dorchester's largest business district. Fields Corner's stated mission is to continue to be a thriving, welcoming, and secure district with diverse business. There is a plethora of restaurants and clothing stores and various pubs. Fields Corner is known for its Vietnamese restaurants, as well as its large Irish population that brings along a local pub scene. Adjacent to Fields Corner is an 11-acre park known as Hilltop Park, which offers a view of Dorchester Bay and plenty of green space.

Leisure activities and areas

Parks
Bike trails
Dorchester is home to many listings on the National Register of Historic Places.
Name on the RegisterDate listedLocation
All Saints' ChurchJune 16, 1980
211 Ashmont St.
42°17′09″N 71°03′48″W
Benedict Fenwick SchoolFebruary 11, 2004
150 Magnolia St.
42°18′49″N 71°04′21″W
James Blake HouseMay 1, 1974
735 Columbia Rd.
42°19′11″N 71°03′37″W
Boston Consumptives HospitalFebruary 7, 2002
249 River St.
42°16′34″N 71°05′01″W
Buildings at 825–829 Blue Hill AvenueSeptember 10, 2014
825–829 Blue Hill Ave.
42°17′49″N 71°05′16″W
Calf Pasture Pumping Station ComplexAugust 2, 1990
435 Mount Vernon St.
42°18′48″N 71°02′01″W
Clapp HousesMay 2, 1974
199 and 195 Boston St.
42°19′12″N 71°03′25″W
Codman Square DistrictJune 23, 1983
Norfolk, Talbot, Epping, Lithgow, Centre, and Moultrie Sts.
42°17′25″N 71°04′16″W
Collins BuildingJune 8, 2005
213–217 Washington St.
42°18′02″N 71°04′37″W
Columbia Road–Bellevue Street Historic DistrictSeptember 8, 2017
400-500 Block of Columbia Rd., and parts of Bellevue St.
42°18′46″N 71°04′06″W
Congregation Adath JeshurunNovember 12, 1999
397 Blue Hill Ave.
42°18′43″N 71°04′53″W
Sarah Davidson Apartment BlockDecember 18, 2013
3 Gaylord St.
42°17′56″N 71°04′23″W
Dorchester North Burying GroundApril 18, 1974
Stoughton St. and Columbia Rd.
42°19′00″N 71°03′52″W
Dorchester ParkFebruary 20, 2008
Bounded by Dorchester Ave., Richmond, Adams, and Richview Sts.
42°16′34″N 71°04′01″W
Dorchester Pottery WorksFebruary 21, 1985
101–105 Victory Rd.
42°17′49″N 71°03′05″W
Dorchester South Burying GroundJune 27, 2014
2095 Dorchester Ave.
42°16′43″N 71°04′01″W
Dorchester Temple Baptist ChurchJanuary 16, 1998
670 Washington St.
42°17′17″N 71°04′17″W
Dorchester-Milton Lower Mills Industrial DistrictApril 2, 1980
Both sides of the Neponset River; also Adams, River, and Medway Sts., Millers Lane, and Eliot and Adams Sts.
42°16′16″N 71°04′08″W
Fields Corner Municipal BuildingNovember 12, 1981
1 Arcadia St., 195 Adams St.
42°18′07″N 71°03′38″W
Greenwood Memorial United Methodist ChurchMarch 8, 2002
378A–380 Washington St.
42°17′49″N 71°04′19″W
Harrison Square Historic DistrictOctober 22, 2002
Bounded by MBTA Braintree line embankment, Park, Everett, Freeport, Mill, Asland, Blanche Sts., Victory Rd.
42°18′07″N 71°03′13″W
Home for Destitute Jewish ChildrenOctober 8, 2014
150–156 American Legion Hwy.
42°17′41″N 71°05′34″W
The PeabodyAugust 8, 2001
195–197 Ashmont St.
42°17′07″N 71°03′53″W
Pierce HouseApril 26, 1974
24 Oakton Ave.
42°17′13″N 71°03′13″W
Pilgrim Congregational ChurchDecember 18, 2013
540–544 Columbia Road
42°18′58″N 71°04′01″W
Saint Mark's Episcopal ChurchJuly 3, 2014
73 Columbia Rd.
42°18′16″N 71°04′56″W
St. Mary's Episcopal ChurchOctober 30, 1998
14–16 Cushing Ave.
42°18′59″N 71°03′54″W
Savin Hill Historic DistrictMay 9, 2003
Roughly bounded by Savin Hill Ave., Morrissey Boulevard, Dorchester Bay, and Interstate 93
42°18′33″N 71°03′01″W
Sherman Apartments Historic DistrictNovember 28, 2012
544–546 Washington, 4–6, 12–14, 18 Lyndhurst Sts.
42°17′32″N 71°04′17″W
William Monroe Trotter HouseMay 11, 1976
97 Sawyer Ave.
42°18′47″N 71°03′46″W
Upham's Corner MarketOctober 11, 1990
600 Columbia Rd.
42°19′02″N 71°03′55″W
Walton and Roslin HallsDecember 18, 2013
702–708 & 710–726 Washington St., 3–5 Walton St.
42°17′13″N 71°04′16″W

Additional sites of interest include: