Elections in Turkey
The Grand National Assembly of Turkey has 600 members, elected for a four-year term by a system based on closed list proportional representation according to the D'Hondt method. To participate in the distribution of seats, a party must obtain at least 10% of the votes cast at the national level as well as a percentage of votes in the contested district according to a complex formula and votes for parties not seated are redistributed to the party that won the most votes. Independent candidates who receive more than 10% of the votes cast in a province are also seated and in the 2007 and 2011 elections members of the Democratic Society/Peace and Democracy Party evaded the threshold by running as independents and winning about 5% of the seats.
The president was elected for a seven-year term by the parliament prior to the 2007 constitutional changes, and will be elected for at most two consecutive five-year terms in the future.
Turkey has a multi-party system, with two or three strong parties and often a fourth party that is electorally successful. Since 1950, parliamentary politics has been dominated by conservative parties. Even the ruling Justice and Development Party tends to identify itself with the "tradition" of Democrat Party. The leftist parties, most notable of which is the Republican People's Party draw much of their support from big cities, coastal regions, professional middle-class, civil service, military officers, and the religious minority of Alevi.
The last general election was held in June 2018.
Schedule
- Bold: latest elections, italic: upcoming elections
General (parliamentary) elections
List of elections
used single house system before adopting the constitution of 1961. By the constitution of 1961 Turkey adopted two house system where the upper house was named as the senate of the Republic. But by the constitution of 1982, the upper house was abolished.Single house elections before 1960
Lower house elections 1961–80
Upper house elections 1961–80
Single house elections after 1983
Results summary of latest election
- 2018 Turkish parliamentary election, as part of the 2018 Turkish general election – June 24, 2018 – Total: 600
- AKP: 295 seats
- CHP: 146 seats
- HDP: 67 seats
- MHP: 49 seats
- İYİ: 43 seats
Results summary of past elections
- November 2015 Turkish general election – November 1, 2015 – Total: 550
- AKP: 317 seats
- CHP: 134 seats
- HDP: 59 seats
- MHP: 40 seats
- June 2015 Turkish general election – June 7, 2015 – Total: 550
- AKP: 258 seats
- CHP: 132 seats
- MHP: 80 seats
- HDP: 80 seats
- 2011 Turkish general election – June 12, 2011 – Total: 550
- AKP: 327 seats
- CHP: 135 seats
- MHP: 53 seats
- Independent: 35 seats
- 2007 Turkish general election – July 22, 2007 – Total: 550
- AKP: 341 seats
- CHP: 112 seats
- MHP: 71 seats
- Independent: 26 seats
- 2002 Turkish general election – November 3, 2002 – Total: 555
- AKP: 363 seats
- CHP: 178 seats
- Independent: 9 seats
- 1999 Turkish general election – April 18, 1999 – Total: 550
- DSP: 136 seats
- MHP: 129 seats
- FP: 111 seats
- ANAP: 86 seats
- DYP: 85 seats
- Independent: 3 seats
- 1995 Turkish general election – December 24, 1995 – Total: 550
- RP: 158 seats
- DYP: 135 seats
- ANAP: 132 seats
- DSP: 76 seats
- SHP: 49 seats
- 1991 Turkish general election – October 20, 1991 – Total: 450
- DYP: 178 seats
- ANAP: 115 seats
- SHP: 88 seats
- RP: 62 seats
- DSP: 7 seats
- 1987 Turkish general election – November 29, 1987 – Total: 450
- ANAP: 292 seats
- SHP: 99 seats
- DYP: 59 seats
- 1983 Turkish general election – November 6, 1983 – Total: 399
- ANAP: 211 seats
- HP: 117 seats
- MDP: 71 seats
- 1977 Turkish general election – June 5, 1977 – Total: 450
- CHP: 213 seats
- AP: 189 seats
- MSP: 24 seats
- MHP: 16 seats
- CGP: 3 seats
- DP: 1 seat
- Independent: 4 seats
- 1973 Turkish general election – October 14, 1973 – Total: 450
- CHP: 185 seats
- AP: 149 seats
- MSP: 48 seats
- DP: 45 seats
- CGP: 13 seats
- MHP: 3 seats
- TBP: 1 seats
- Independent: 6
- 1969 Turkish general election – October 12, 1969 – Total: 450
- AP: 256 seats
- CHP: 143 seats
- GP: 15 seats
- BP: 8 seats
- MP: 6 seats
- YTP: 6 seats
- TİP: 2 seats
- MHP: 1 seat
- Independent: 13 seats
- 1965 Turkish general election – October 10, 1965 – Total: 450
- AP: 240 seats
- CHP: 134 seats
- MP: 31 seats
- YTP: 19 seats
- TİP: 14 seats
- CMKP: 11 seats
- Independent: 1 seat
- 1961 Turkish general election – October 15, 1961 – Total: 450
- CHP: 173 seats
- AP: 158 seats
- YTP: 65 seats
- CMKP: 54 seats
- 1957 Turkish general election – October 27, 1957 – Total: 610
- DP: 424 seats
- CHP: 178 seats
- CMP: 4 seats
- HP: 4 seats
- 1954 Turkish general election – May 2, 1954 – Total: 541
- DP: 502 seats
- CHP: 31 seats
- CMP: 5 seats
- Independent: 3 seats
- 1950 Turkish general election – May 14, 1950 – Total: 539
- DP: 470 seats
- CHP: 69 seats
- 1946 Turkish general election – July 21, 1946 – Total: 465
- CHP: 396 seats
- DP: 62 seats
- Independent: 7 seats
- 1943 Turkish general election – February 28, 1943
- 1939 Turkish general election – March 26, 1939
- 1935 Turkish general election – February 8, 1935
- 1931 Turkish general election – April 25, 1931 – Total: 317
- CHP: 287 seats
- Independent: 30 seats
- 1927 Turkish general election – 2nd round: July 27, 1927 – MP election: September 1, 1927
- 1923 Turkish general election – June 28, 1923
Presidential elections
- 2018 Turkish presidential election, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan re-elected
- 2014 Turkish presidential election, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan succeeded Abdullah Gül
- 2007 Turkish presidential election, Abdullah Gül succeeded Ahmet Necdet Sezer
- 2000 Turkish presidential election, Ahmet Necdet Sezer succeeded Süleyman Demirel
- 1993 Turkish presidential election, Süleyman Demirel succeeded Turgut Özal
- 1989 Turkish presidential election, Turgut Özal succeeded Kenan Evren
- 1982 Turkish constitutional referendum, Kenan Evren named president in new constitution until 1989
- 1980 Turkish presidential election, parties failed to elect a president to succeed Fahri Korutürk, 1980 Turkish coup d'état ensued
Local elections
Latest election
- 2019 Turkish local elections – March 31, 2019
- * AKP: 44.32%
- * CHP: 30.10%
- * İYİ: 7.45%
- *...others
Past elections
- 2014 Turkish local elections – March 30, 2014
- * AKP: 43.31%
- * CHP: 25.59%
- * MHP: 17.63%
- *...others
- 2009 Turkish local elections – March 22, 2009
- * AKP: 38.99%
- * CHP: 23.23%
- * MHP: 16.13%
- *...others
- 2004 Turkish local elections – March 28, 2004
- * AKP: 41.6%
- * CHP: 18.2%
- * MHP: 10.4%
- * DYP: 9.9%
- 1999 Turkish local elections – April 18, 1999
- * DSP: 18.7%
- * MHP: 17.17%
- * FP: 16.48%
- * ANAP: 15.03%
- * DYP: 13.21%
- * CHP: 11.08%
- *...others
- 1994 Turkish local elections – March 27, 1994
- * DYP: 21.41%
- * ANAP: 21.09%
- * RP: 19.14%
- * SHP: 13.53%
- * DSP: 8.75%
- * MHP: 7.95%
- * CHP: 4.61%
- *...others
- 1989 Turkish local elections – March 26, 1989
- * SHP: 28.69%
- * DYP: 25.13%
- * ANAP: 21.8%
- * RP: 9.8%
- * DSP: 9.03%
- * MHP: 4.14%
- *...others
- 1984 Turkish local elections – March 25, 1984
- * ANAP: 41.52%
- * SODEP: 23.35%
- * DYP: 13.25%
- * HP: 8.76%
- * MDP: 7.09%
- * RP: 4.4%
- * Independent: 1.63%
- 1977 Turkish local elections – December 11, 1977
- * CHP: 41.73%
- * AP: 37.1%
- * MSP: 6.91%
- * MHP: 6.62%
- * DP: 1.0%
- *...others
- 1973 Turkish local elections – December 9, 1973
- * CHP: 37.09%
- * AP: 32.32%
- * DP: 10.75%
- * MSP: 6.2%
- * CGP: 2.9%
- * MHP: 1.33%
- *...others
- 1968 Turkish local elections – June 2, 1968
- * AP: 49.06%
- * CHP: 27.9%
- * GP: 6.62%
- * MP: 3.5%
- * TİP: 2.72%
- * BP: 1.64%
- *...others
- 1963 Turkish local elections – November 17, 1963
- * AP: 45.48%
- * CHP: 36.22%
- * YTP: 6.51%
- * MP: 3.09%
- * CKMP: 3.06%
- * TİP: 0.4%
- *...others
- 1955 Turkish local elections
- 1950 Turkish local elections – September 3, 1950
- * DP: 560 municipalities
- * CHP: 40 municipalities
- 1946 Turkish local elections
- * CHP: 54.65%
- * DP: 43.35%
- 1942 Turkish local elections
- 1938 Turkish local elections
- 1934 Turkish local elections
- 1930 Turkish local elections
- * CHP: 502 municipalities
- * SCF: 40 municipalities
Referenda
- 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum
- 2010 Turkish constitutional referendum
- 2007 Turkish constitutional referendum
- 1988 Turkish constitutional referendum
- 1987 Turkish constitutional referendum
- 1982 Turkish constitutional referendum
- 1961 Turkish constitutional referendum