Flying roller coaster
A flying roller coaster is a type of roller coaster meant to simulate the sensations of flight by harnessing riders in a prone position during the duration of the ride. The roller coaster cars are suspended below the track, with riders secured such that their backs are parallel to the track.
History
The flying roller coaster is a relatively new concept. The world's first flying roller coaster was Skytrak, built in Manchester, United Kingdom at the Granada Studios Tour in 1997. The Skytrak used a single-passenger car. Riders would climb into the car in much the same fashion as climbing a ladder, then the car would be raised up to the track before being dispatched. The single-passenger design kept the ride's capacity low, at only 240 riders per hour. The park, and Skytrak itself, were short-lived; both closed in 1998.Design
Vekoma
roller coaster manufacturer Vekoma constructed the first large-scale flying roller coaster, Stealth, for California's Great America in 2000. Nicknamed the 'Flying Dutchman' by Vekoma, Stealth featured a higher-capacity train with four-across seating. Riders load the trains in an upright sitting position, facing the rear of the train. After the train is fully loaded, a mechanism in the station lower the seats to the track, with the riders on their backs facing the ceiling. After cresting the lift hill, the track twists 180 degrees to flip the riders into the flying position for the rest of the ride. Just prior to reaching the roller coaster's final brake run, the track twists again, such that riders are lying on their backs facing upward. After reaching the station, the seats are raised back to loading position.The harness system for the Vekoma flying roller coaster consists of two main elements: the lap bar and the chest harness. After being seated, the operator pulls down the lap bar, which is hinged on the floor of the train. The bar locks into slots in the sides of the seat and secures the waist. Halfway up the bar is a pair of leg restraints, which hold the legs in place during the ride. The rider then fastens the buckles to close the chest harness and secure the upper body. Hand grips are placed at the ends of the arm rests of each seat.
Vekoma would expand upon the 'Flying Dutchman' prototype with two other installations in 2001, Batwing for Six Flags America and X-Flight for Geauga Lake. Of the three Vekoma Flying Dutchmans, only Batwing still operates at its original location: Stealth was relocated to Carowinds and renamed BORG Assimilator from 2004 to 2007, and now operates as Nighthawk, while X-Flight operated at Kings Island as Firehawk until October 28, 2018.
Vekoma has also designed a new, more compact flying roller coaster model nicknamed the 'Stingray'. Its first installation is at theSuzhou Giant Wheel Park in Suzhou, China, which opened on August 18, 2009. The ride was removed in 2018.
Vekoma's flying roller coasters have a 54-inch height restriction.
Bolliger & Mabillard
manufacturer Bolliger & Mabillard unveiled its Flying Coaster model in 2002 with Air at Alton Towers, followed later in the year by at Six Flags Over Georgia. In this version, the rider takes a sitting position with their legs dangling in a similar fashion to B&M's inverted roller coaster. Mechanisms in the station lift the car up to the track, placing passengers in a flying position for the duration of the ride.Flying roller coasters from B&M use a combination chest/waist harness that is hinged above the riders' heads. Once seated, the rider pulls down the harness, which locks into slots in the sides of the armrests. This single mechanism locks the rider's waist in place with a large padded cushion and provides a rubberized padded vest to secure the chest. The vest includes seat-belt-style tensioners above the shoulders to support a wider range of body types. At the ankles, two flaps hold the legs in position, and close as the harness is locked in place. Tatsu at Six Flags Magic Mountain was the world's longest flying coaster until The Flying Dinosaur at Universal Studios Japan surpassed it in March 2016.
Bolliger & Mabillard currently holds the record for the longest, tallest and fastest flying roller coaster in the world, Flying Dinosaur, at Universal Studios Japan.
Zamperla
produces a flying roller coaster model dubbed 'Volare'. Riders lie down in the cars, which hang from an upper rail at a 45 degree angle. The car is then lifted up into a flying position while holding the riders inside. This model is very compact and affordable and comes with a unique spiral lift hill in which a tall spinning column with 2 vertical poles connected to it which push the cars up the spiral track. The minimum rider height requirement is 50 inches tall.Installations
| Name | Park | Manufacturer | Opened | Status | Ref |
| Skytrak | Granada Studios | Skytrak International | 1997 | Demolished | |
| Komet | Encounter Zone | Select Contracts | 1998 | Demolished | |
| Batwing | Six Flags America | Vekoma | 2001 | Operating | |
| Galactica Formerly Air | Alton Towers | Bolliger & Mabillard | 2002 | Operating | |
| Six Flags Over Georgia | Bolliger & Mabillard | 2002 | Operating | ||
| Six Flags Great Adventure | Bolliger & Mabillard | 2003 | Operating | ||
| Six Flags Great America | Bolliger & Mabillard | 2003 | Operating | ||
| Hexenbesen | Erlebniswelt Seilbahnen Thale | Wiegand | 2003 | Operating | |
| Nighthawk Formerly Stealth | Carowinds California's Great America | Vekoma | 2004 2000 | Operating Closed 2003 | |
| Super Flight | Playland | Zamperla | 2004 | Operating | |
| Time Warp | Canada's Wonderland | Zamperla | 2004 | Operating | |
| Volare | Wiener Prater | Zamperla | 2004 | Operating | |
| Trombi | Särkänniemi | Zamperla | 2005 | Operating | |
| Tatsu | Six Flags Magic Mountain | Bolliger & Mabillard | 2006 | Operating | |
| Crystal Wing | Happy Valley Beijing | Bolliger & Mabillard | 2006 | Operating | |
| Firehawk Formerly X-Flight | Kings Island Geauga Lake | Vekoma | 2007 2001 | Demolished Closed 2006 | |
| Manta | Sea World Orlando | Bolliger & Mabillard | 2009 | Operating | |
| Stingray | Suzhou Giant Wheel Park | Vekoma | 2009 | Demolished | |
| Inertia Airplane Car | Kaeson Youth Park | Zamperla | 2010 | Operating | |
| Sky Scrapper | World Joyland | Bolliger & Mabillard | 2011 | Operating | |
| Soarin' Eagle Formerly Flying Coaster | Luna Park, Coney Island Elitch Gardens | Zamperla | 2011 2002 | Operating Closed 2003 | |
| Hero | Flamingo Land Resort | Zamperla | 2013 | Operating | |
| Acrobat | Nagashima Spa Land | Bolliger & Mabillard | 2015 | Operating | |
| Harpy | Xishuangbanna Theme Park | Bolliger & Mabillard | 2015 | Operating | |
| The Flying Dinosaur | Universal Studios Japan | Bolliger & Mabillard | 2016 | Operating | |
| Super Glider Formerly Flying Coaster | Skytropolis Funland Genting Theme Park | Zamperla | 2019 2004 | Under Construction Closed 2013 | |
| Volare | Wonderland Eurasia | Zamperla | 2019 | Operating | |
| F.L.Y. | Phantasialand | Vekoma | 2020 | Under Construction |