In film and video, a freeze frame is when a single frame of content shows repeatedly on the screen—"freezing" the action. This can be done in the content itself, by printing or recording multiple copies of the same source frame. This produces a static shot that resembles a still photograph. Freeze frame is also a term in live stage performance, for a technique in which actors freeze at a particular point to enhance a scene or show an important moment in production. Spoken word may enhance the effect, with one or more characters telling their personal thoughts regarding the situation.
Examples
Film
The first known freeze frame was in director Alfred Hitchcock's 1928 filmChampagne.
A memorable freeze frame is the end of François Truffaut's 1959 New Wave filmThe 400 Blows.
Satyajit Ray is known for his use of freeze frame shots. Notable examples include the last scene of Charulata and the first scene of Jana Aranya.The last scene of Charulata is critically acclaimed. Charu and her husband are about to unite and hold their hands when the screen freezes and a small gap is left in between their hands. Another film known for frequent use of this technique is Parash Pathar.
Hong Kong director John Woo also makes extensive use of freeze frames shots, usually to gain a better focus on a character's facial expression or emotion at a critical scene.
This technique is used quite a lot in Peter Hedges' 2003 filmPieces of April to capture moments he feels particularly significant.
The American TV showNCIS—a spin-off of the series JAG—often uses freeze-frame shots. In the production they were referred to as "phoofs" or "foofs" due to the sound effect that accompanied them, which was created by NCIS's creator and Executive Producer Donald P. Bellisario hitting a microphone with his hand. These short black and white freeze frames depict an event that will occur later in the episode, and usually last for three seconds. The technique first appeared in the fourth episode of the second season of NCIS, Lt. Jane Doe, and was employed in every episode since, with a typical episode containing four or five freeze frames with main characters or occasionally one-off or recurring characters.
Freeze frames were parodied in the 1982 sitcom Police Squad!. Each episode ended — and the credits rolled over — a "freeze frame" shot emulating those of 1970s dramas. However, the scene was not actually frozen. The actors simply stood motionless in position while other activities continued around them.
