Frydag
Frydag family is a noble German family, known since the beginning of the 14th century, and who originated from the Uradel of Westphalia and were first documented between 1198 and 1217 with the person of Wecelo Vriedach. At the end of the 13th century, Westphalian aristocrats, among them also members of the Frydags, moved to Prussia and Livonia to fight with and in the Teutonic Order for the spread of Christianity. By marrying in 1574 with the heiress of the Gödens Castle in East Frisia, the Frydag's gained great prestige and wealth. Since 1644 some family lines have been using the title Baron and since 1692 other lines have been using the title Count.
The Freytag family has played an important role in German history, especially in the form of high-ranking knights of the Livonian Confederation, but also in the person of the supplier of the bomb to assisinate Hitlier as part of the 20 July plot, Wessel Freytag von Loringhoven. In addition, the general Hugo von Freytag-Loringhoven is cited more frequently as a military writer on questions of the Worlar. The same applies to the lawyer Axel Baron von Freytagh-Loringhoven in the Weimar Republic.
Name Forms
The spelling of the different branches of the Freiherr family diverges:- from Frydag
- from Freytag called Löringhoff
- Freytag by Loringhoven
- Freytagh by Loringhoven
- to Husen, extinguished in 1655
- to Buddenburg, extinct 1908
- to Sandfort, extinct in 1717
- to Goedens, imperial freemen 1649, imperial counts 1692, extinct 1746
- to Grevel, extinct in 1546
- to Drenhusen
- to Hockerde
The Baltic born members of the family lead as part of the name the former predicate "Baron", provided that no substitution was made by "Freiherr".
History
Westphalia
In the 1199, the first instance of the name Wecelo Vriedach is found in a document from the library of Count Gottfried of Arnsberg and again 1217 as mentioned as witness in a document belonging to the Otto I of Oldenburg, Bishop of Münster. In the first half of the 13th century, the family is found as the Ministralen of the bishops of Münster and Bishopric of Minden, in the second half they are with the Archbishop of Cologne and in the pens of the abbeys of Essen and abbeys of Herford.In 1326, a Goswin of Datteln called Fridag, was sealed with the Heraldric Coat of arms, consisting of Three Rings Crest. To the other first tangible carriers of this name, Johann von der Berswordt in his Westphalian family tree leads from 1624 belong to Theodericus Frydag, meles et castelanus in Recklinghausen, who witnessed in 1366 in a document of the monastery of Oelinghausen and Konrad Frydag 1316 his house and farm sold in Dortmund to the Dominicans to build a monastery. It is believed that the abbot Meinerus Frydag to Deutz, who died in 1330, was a brother of the above. Probably Hermann Frydag was a son or grandson of Konrad Frydag who stood in court of Count Engelbert II of the Mark in his feuds and as a witness often confirmed the documents issued by Count Engelbert in 1370. An Eberhard von Frydag was from 1385 to 1390 the 21st abbot of the former monastery of Cappenberg Castle. Arnold and Golfried Frydag signed the union of the Margrave nobility on the Laurentiustage 1419. In 1421 the uninterrupted genealogy of the Frydag family begins, when Eberhard Frydag acquired the estate of Loringhoven near Recklinghausen, and assumed the name of the estate as his surname. His descendants still bear the name Freytag von Loringhoven. This Eberhard also possessed estates in the Duchy of Jülich, which he received from the Palatinate Counts.
House Buddenburg was from the 14th century to 1902 owned by the line Frydag to Buddenburg, with the name becoming extinct in 1908, which also had Loxten in the 17th century. House Grevel came into possession of the family in 1350, the local line went out 1546. House Wischlingen came in the second half of the 14th century two daughters in equal parts to the families of Frydag and Ovelacker; the Frydag part came over the family of Plettenberg in 1511 to that of Syberg. Godert and Arnt Frydag married the heirs Aleke and Belke von Husen and thus came into the possession of the Niederhofes and the Oberhofes in Husen in Syburg, today Castle Husen and House Husen, that remained in possession until 1655.
In 1421, Diederich Frydag van den Husen acquired the house Schörlingen and in acquired the house Löringhof south of Datteln, which until the 17th and 18th Century remained in the possession of the family, but which was later demolished in 1961. Around 1450, two brothers of the family, went to the Baltics, this seat being named for the Baltic branches. From 1550 to 1719 Sandfort Castle was owned by the family. A line sat on Hockerde, Pentling and Drenhusen. In 1574, the East Frisian Gödens came to the family as a marriage estate, which built a Baroque palace there, Schloss Gödens which was passed on to its present owner, Count Wedel, in 1746. Georg Wilhelm Freiherr von Frydag from Gödens inherited the estate Daren in 1742 from his first wife Sophia Johanna von Schade and who built a new mansion there in 1752. Of all Westphalian branches flourishes until today only the line of barons of Frydag on Daren. Since 1907, the brickyard Olfry in Vechta, founded by August Freiherr von Frydag on Daren, has been family-owned.
German Order
In 1445, Johann Frydag zu Talberg was one of the knights who assisted with Dietrich II von Moers Archbishop of Cologne in the Soest Feud. The archbishop was captured by some of his knights, including Johann Frydag. They had to buy their freedom with 32,000 gold florins. But this did not bow Dietrich and in the following year of 1446 he sent with several others from the nobility to the Duke Reinold von Geldern a feudal letter.The brothers Andreas Frydag and Johann Frydag from Löringhoff moved to Prussia in the middle of the 15th century to assist the Teutonic Order in its wars against Poland. The latter entered the German Order of Knights. His courage and valour combined with spiritual gifts earned him the post of army commander of the Livonian Order, whom he practiced for 37 years. In 1489 he appointed Wolter von Plettenberg Country Marshall. In 1491, he was able to end the 200-year civil war in Terra Mariana, so that until 1561 a time of cultural prosperity could exist. His brother Andreas became a merchant and a father. The third brother Melchior is the common progenitor of the line in Prussia in the provinces of the Mark and Münster.
The existence of German-Baltic and German-Baltic branches of the family that existed for many centuries, i.e., in the original home of settled lines and the descendants of mostly younger sons, who had already emigrated to the Order in the Middle Ages and settled there, is also recorded in other noble families, the Vietinghoff, the Korff, the Wenge/Lambsdorff, the Grotthuß/Grothaus or the Waldburg-Capustigall families.
East Frisian line to Gödens
With the brothers Franz and Bertold, the family divided in the middle of the 16th century in the East Frisian and Westphalian line.Franz Frydag married Almuth von Olden-Bockum, Almuth Boing and heiress of Gödens's daughter. So the family received the glorious Gödens and Uiterstewehr castles in East Frisia in 1574. He was a founder of several lines, of which one was raised soon after in baronial and Ducal status, but ceased in 1746.
Franz held the position of a court judge in Aurich, after he had received the approval for the establishment of a Court of Justice by Count Johan II of East Frisia. When he died, he left behind a daughter Margaret, who was married and had four sons, of whom the oldest Oldenbockum was the family name of his mother as a baptismal name John on the mountains to Rephorst. He lost his life during the Siege of Rees. Other sons were Haro and Melchior Ernst, who shared the glories of the Gödens and Uiterstewehr lines and thus were heirs too two further family lines.
- Melchior Ernst distinguished himself in the Dutch–Portuguese War and married Beate Sophia von Boineburg aus dem Hause, i.e. of the house of Hohnstein Castle. His great-granddaughter Hendrina was married to the East Frisian administrator of the Principality of Nassau-Siegen, Nicolaus Moritz Frese to Hinte and therefore heritage of glory Uiterstewehr. This branch of the family became extinct in 1748.
- Haro Ernst was chief of Gödens and Drost to Leer and was sent to the imperial court in Vienna in 1624 by the Lower Saxony county stadiums to lodge complaints, against the invasion of the Catholic League troops under Field Marshal Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly and his tendered war contributions. He left a total of three sons and four daughters of two women Katharina Freiin von Innhausen and Knyphause and Elisabeth von Haaren, including:
Coat of Arms
Bearers of the family name
- Johann Freytag von Loringhoven, Landmaster of Livonian Order
- Franz Ico von Frydag, Officer and Diplomat, Member of the Fruitful Society
- Georg Wilhelm Frydag zu Gödens, Regierungsrat
- Christian Philipp Frydag zu Gödens, from 1755, Drost of Aurich
- Christian Wilhelm Freytag von Gödens, Träger des Pour le Mérite, Oberst und Kommandeur des Infanterieregiments Nr. 10, Drost von Aurich
- Wilhelm von Freytag, Dragoon major near Minden in 1759, Field Marshal, Military Teacher of Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover
- Hugo von Freytag-Loringhoven, German general and military historian
- Mathilde Freiin von Freytag-Loringhoven, Painter, graphic artist, art critic, writer and animal psychologist
- Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven, Dada artist
- Axel von Freytagh-Loringhoven, International lawyer and member of the Reichstag of the German National People's Party, until June 1933 the joined the Nazi Party
- Wessel von Freytag-Loringhoven, Baltic German member of the resistance against Adolf Hitler
- Frank Baron Freytag von Loringhoven, Genealogist and journalist
- Bruno von Freytag-Löringhoff, Philosopher, mathematician and epistemologist
- Bernd von Freytag-Loringhoven, Baltic German general
- Robert Freitag, né Robert Peter Freytag, Austrian-Swiss stage and screen actor and film director
- Waltraud Freydag, first wife of Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia, eldest member of the defunct German Royal House of Prussia
- Bettina von Freytag genannt Löringhoff, Archaeologist, University of Tübingen
- Arndt Freiherr Freytag von Loringhoven, German diplomat, NATO's new intelligence chief and former Vice President of the Federal Intelligence Service
- Tatjana Freytag von Loringhoven, Austrian equestrian rider and 2002 FEI World Equestrian Games participant 2002
Literature
- . Artikel in: „Biographisches Lexikon für Ostfriesland“
- Genealogical Handbook of the Nobility, Band 61, 1975,
- Westphalian document, Westfälisches Urkunden-Buch, Bd.II, Nr. 576, Bd. III, Nr. 117
- Goth. frhrl. Taschenbuch, A 1896, 1898, 1934, 1942
- Genealogical Handbook of the Nobility, A 2, 1956; A 61, 1975, Frhr. 18, 1995;
- Genealogical Handbook of the Baltic Knights, parts Kurland and Livland, Genealogisches Handbuch der Baltischen Ritterschaften, Teile Kurland und Livland, Görlitz 1929–1935; Teil Oesel, Tartu 1935–1938;
- Introduction to Swedish Notability, Den introducerade svenska adelns ättartavlor, Stockholm 1926;
- Nederlands Adelsboek 1908
- The Landmarchälle and councillors of the Livonian and Oeselschen knighthood, Die Landmarchälle und Landräte der Livländischen und Oeselschen Ritterschaft, Hamburg 1963
- Bruno Baron von Freytag-Löringhoff: Wilhelm Schickards Tübinger Rechenmaschine von 1623. 5., erw. Auflage, bearb. von Friedrich Seck. Univ.-Stadt Tübingen, Kulturamt, Tübingen 2002, .
- Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven und François d' Alançon, In Hitler's bunker, Dans le bunker de Hitler: 23 juillet 1944 - 29 avril 1945, Verlag Éditions Perrin: Paris 2005,
- * deutsch: With Hitler in the bunker - Records from the Führer's headquarters, Mit Hitler im Bunker – Aufzeichnungen aus dem Führerhauptquartier Juli 1944 – April 1945, Berlin 2006,
- Georg Wilhelm von Frydag, Chronicle of the family of Frydag in Daren, Chronik der Familie von Frydag in Daren, Selbstverlag, 1970
- Irene Gammel, Baroness Elsa: Gender, Dada, and Everyday Modernity—A Cultural Biography. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2002
- Sabine Grimm, Nobility Lines - The Lords of Frydag, Adelslinien – Die Herren von Frydag. Norderstedt 2011.
- Johann Samuel Ersch, General Encyclopaedia of Sciences and Arts, S.476ff,
- Hironimus Grestius's rhyming chronicle of Harlingerland, p. 40