Domhoff was born in Youngstown, Ohio, and raised in Rocky River, 12 miles from Cleveland. His parents were George William Domhoff Sr., a loan executive, and Helen S. Domhoff, a secretary at George Sr.'s company. In high school, Domhoff was a three-sport athlete, wrote for his school newspaper's sports section, served on student council, and won a contest to be the batboy for the Cleveland Indians. He graduated as co-valedictorian.
In the early 1960s, Domhoff was an assistant professor of psychology at California State University, Los Angeles. In 1965, he joined the founding faculty of the University of California, Santa Cruz as an assistant professor at Cowell College; he became an associate professor in 1969, a professor in 1976, and a Distinguished Professor in 1993. After his retirement in 1994, he has continued to publish and teach classes. Over the course of his career at UCSC, Domhoff served in many capacities at various times: acting dean of the Division of Social Sciences, chair of the Sociology Department, chair of the Academic Senate, chair of the Committee on Academic Personnel, and chair of the Statewide Committee on Preparatory Education. In 2007, he received the University of California's Constantine Panunzio Distinguished Emeriti Award, which honors the post-retirement contributions of UC faculty.
Sociology
Domhoff's first book, Who Rules America?, was a 1960s sociological best-seller, arguing that the United States is dominated by an elite ownership class, both politically and economically. Who Rules was followed by a series of sociology and power structure books like C. Wright Mills and the Power Elite, Bohemian Grove and Other Retreats, and three more best-sellers: The Higher Circles, The Powers That Be, and Who Rules America Now?. Domhoff has written six updates to Who Rules America?; every edition has been used as a sociology textbook. He also has a "Who Rules America?" web site, hosted by UCSC.
Psychology
In addition to his work in sociology, Domhoff has been a pioneer in the scientific study of dreams. In the 1960s, he worked closely with Calvin S. Hall, who had developed a content analysis system for dreams. He has continued to study dreams up to the present day, and his latest research advocates a neurocognitive basis for future dream research. He and his research partner, Adam Schneider, maintain two web sites dedicated to quantitative dream research: DreamResearch.net and DreamBank.net.