Glossary of phytopathology


This is a glossary of some of the terms used in phytopathology.
Phytopathology is the study of plant diseases. It is a multi-disciplinary science since prerequisites for disease development are the presence of a susceptible host species, a pathogen and the appropriate environmental conditions. This is known as the disease triangle. Because of this interaction, the terminology used in phytopathology often comes from other disciplines including those dealing with the host species, the pathogen, the environment and disease management practices, and areas of study that apply to both the host and pathogen. The result is that most phytopathological glossary include terms from these other disciplines in addition to terms that are specific to, or which have a unique meaning in phytopathology. This glossary is no exception. However, for the sake of brevity, it has, for the most part, restricted terms from other disciplines to those that pertain to the pathogen. At some point, these terms should be moved to other glossaries.

A

abiotic
acceptable daily intake
acervulus
acid precipitation
acid rain
acropetal
Actinomycetes
acute
acute toxicity
aeciospore
aecium
aflatoxin
agar
aggressiveness
air pollution
alkaloids
allele
allelopathy
alternate host
alternative hosts
alternation of generations
amphid
amphigynous
amphimixis
amphimobile
anaerobic
anamorph
anastomosis
anthracnoes
antibiotic
antibody
antigen
antiseptic
apothecium
antiseptic
appressorium
arbuscular mycorrhiza
arbuscule
ascocarp
ascogenous
ascogonium
ascoma
Ascomycetes
asci
ascospore
ascostroma
ascus
aseptate
asexual
asexual reproduction
atrophy
AUDPC
autotroph
avirulence gene
avirulent
axenic
autoecious

B

bacilliform
bacterial streaming
bactericide
bacteriocin
bacteriophage
bacterium
bactericide
basal knob
basidiocarp
Basidiomyctes
basidiospore
basidium
basidiospore
basidium
binary fission
binucleate
bioassay
biocide
biocontrol
biotic
biotroph
biotype
bitunicate
blasting
blight
blotch
breaking
broadcast application
brooming
brown rot

burn
bursa

C

canker
capsid
carcinogen
carrier
casting
causal agent
certification
cfu
chemotaxis
chemotherapy
chlamydospore
chlamydospore
chlorosis
chronic toxicity
chytridiomycetes
circulative-propagative transmission
circulative transmission
cirrus
cleistothecium
clamp connection
clavate
coalesce
coat protein
coccus
coelomycetes
colonization
colony
colony forming unit
compartmentalization
conidiogenesis
conidiogenous
conidioma
conidiophore
conidium
conjugation
conk
constitutive
contact fungicide
coremium
cross-protection
crozier
cryptobiosis
curl
cyst
cytopathology

D

damping-off
days to harvest
decay
degree-day
demicyclic
deuteromycetes
diagnostic
antigen
diploid
diapause
dieback
differential host
differential medium
differentiation
dikaryon
dilution plating
dilution streaking
dimorphic
direct penetration
Discomycetes
disease
disease cycle
disease incidence
disease progress curve
disease pyramid
disease severity
disease triangle
disinfect
disinfest
dispersal
dissemination
dolipore septum
dormancy
downy mildew
drift
drought
durable resistance
dwarfing

E

echinulate
economic threshold
ectomycorrhiza
ectoparasite
ectotrophic
elicitor
enation
encapsidate
encyst
endemic
endogenous
endophytic
endoconidium
endomycorrhiza
endoparasite
endospore
epidemic
epidemiology
epinasty
epiphytotic
eradicant
eradication
ergot
ergotism
erumpent
escape
etiolation
etiology
exclusion
exogenous
exudate

F

f. sp.
facultative parasite
facultative saprotroph
fasciation
fastidious
filamentous
flagellum
flagging
fleck
focus
forest decline
forma specialis
fructification
fruiting body
fumigant
Fungi Imperfecti
fungus
fungistat
fungistasis
fusiform

G

gall
gametangium
gametophyte
gene-for-gene hypothesis
general resistance
genotype
germ theory
giant cell
girdle
giant cells
gram-negative
gram-positive
gram stain
growth regulator
gummosis

H

haploid
hardiness
haustorium
hemiparasite
hermaphrodite
heteroecious
heterokaryon
heterothallic
heterotroph
holomorph
holoparasite
homokaryon
homothallism
horizontal resistance
host plant
host range
hyaline
hymenium
hyperparasite
hyperplasia
hypertrophy
hypersensitive
hypersensitive reaction and pathogenicity gene
hypersensitive response
hypha
hyphal sheath
hyphomycetes
hyphopodium
hypoplasia
hypovirulence

I

immune
immunity
imperfect fungi
imperfect state
in planta
in situ
in vitro
in vivo
incubation period
indicator plant
indirect penetration
induced
induced systemic resistance
infection court
infection cushion
infection focus
infection peg
infection period
infectious
infective
infest
initial inoculum
injury
inoculate
inoculum
inoculum density
integrated pest management
intumescence
IPM
isolate

K

klendusity
The disease-escaping ability of plants.
Koch's postulates
knot

L

latent infection
latent period
leaf dip
leaf spot
leafroll
lesion
life cycle
lignification
local lesion
local necrosis
lodge

M

macerate
macroconidium
macrocyclic
macronutrient
mantle
mating types
mechanical injury
mechanical transmission
medium
melanin
microbial
microclimate
microconidium
microcyclic
microflora
micronutrient
microorganism
microsclerotium
mildew
MLO
mold
mollicute
monocyclic
monoecious
monogenic
monogenic resistance
monotrichous
monoxenic culture
mosaic
motile
mottle
movement protein
multigenic resistance
multiline
multinucleate
multiparticulate virus
multipartite virus
multiseptate
mummification
mummy
mushroom
mutagen
Mycelia sterilia
mycelium
mycology
mycoparasite
mycoplasmalike organism
mycorrhiza
mycotoxin
mycovirus
Myxomycetes

N

necrosis
necrotroph
needle cast
nematicide
nematode
nitrogen oxides
noninfectious disease
nonpathogenic
nonpersistent transmission
nonseptate

O

obligate parasite
occlusion
oedema
oligogenic resistance
oogonium
oomycetes
oospore
ooze
ostiole
overwinter

P

pandemic
papilla
paragynous
parasexualism
parasite
parasitism
parthenogenesis
partial resistance
pasteurization
pathogen
pathogenesis-related proteins
pathogenicity
pathology
pathotype
pathovar
penetration
penetration peg
perfect
perithecium
peritrichate
persistent transmission
pest
pesticide
phenological synchrony
phenotype
phloem necrosis
Phycomycete
phyllody
phylloplane-competent
physiogenic disease
phytoalexin
phytopathogenic
phytopathology
phytoplasma
phytosanitary certificate
phytotoxic
plant pathology
plasmodiophoromycetes
plasmodium
polycyclic
polyetic
polygenic resistance
polymorphism
polyprotein
powdery mildew
predispose
primary inoculum
proinhibitin
prokaryote
promycelium
propagative transmission
propagule
protectant
protectant fungicide
pseudothecium
Puccinia pathway
pustule
pv.
pycnidiospore
pycnium

Q

qualitative resistance
quantitative resistance
quarantine
quiescent
quiescent
dormant or inactive
quorum sensing

R

race
race non-specific resistance
receptive hypha
reniform
resinosis
resistant
rhizomorph
rhizosphere
rhizosphere-competent
ringspot
rosette
rot
roundworm
rugose
russet
rust

S

sanitation
sap transmission
saprobe
saprotroph
scab
scald
sclerenchyma
sclerotium
scorch
secondary infection
secondary inoculum
secondary metabolite
secondary organism
seed treatment
seedborne
selective medium
septate
serrate
sessile
seta

sexual spore
sexually compatible
shot-hole
sign
single gene resistance
slime molds
smut
soft rot
soil drench
soilborne
soil pasteurization
soil sterilization
solarization
sooty mold
sorus
sp.
species
specific resistance
spermagonium
spermatium
spicule
spiroplasma - helical, motile, cell wall-less bacterium; member of genus Spiroplasma in class Mollicutes
sporangiophore
sporangiospore
sporangium
spore
sporidium
sporocarp
spore-bearing fruiting body
sporodochium
sporogenous
sporophore
sporophyte
sporulate
spot
stabilizing selection
staghead
stem pitting
sterigma
sterilant
sterile fungus
sterilization
stippling
strain
streak
striate
stroma
stunting
stylet knob
stylet-borne transmission
subspecies
substrate
sunscald or sunburn
suppressive soil
susceptible
symptom
symptomless carrier
syncytium
synergism
synnema
systematics
systemic
systemic acquired resistance
systemic fungicide

T

teleomorph
teliospore
telium
temporary wilt
thallus
thermotherapy
tolerance
toxicity
toxin
transmit
trap crop
transmit
trenching
tumor
type

U

urediniospore
uredinium

V

vascular wilt disease
vector
vein banding
vein clearing
vermiform
vertical resistance
viable
virescence
virion
viroid
viroplasm
virulence
virulent
viruliferous
virus-laden, usually applied to insects or nematodes as vectors
virus
viscin

W

walling-off
water-soaked
white rot
white rust
wild type
wilt
winterburn
witches' broom
wound

X

XLB
xylem-limited fastidious bacteria

Y

yellowing
yellows

Z

zonate
zoosporangium
zoospore
Zygomycetes
zygospore