Great Wagon Road

The []Great Wagon Road was an improved trail through the Great Appalachian Valley from Pennsylvania to North Carolina, and from there to Georgia in colonial America.

Introduction

The heavily traveled Great Wagon Road was the primary route for the early settlement of the Southern United States, particularly the "backcountry". Although a wide variety of settlers traveled southward on the road, two dominant cultures emerged. The German Palatines and Scotch-Irish American immigrants arrived in huge numbers because of unendurable conditions in Europe. The Germans tended to find rich farmland and work it zealously to become stable and prosperous. The other group tended to be restless, clannish, and fiercely independent; they formed what became known as the Appalachian Culture. Partly because of the language difference, the two groups tended to keep to themselves.
Beginning at the port of Philadelphia, where many immigrants entered the colonies, the Great Wagon Road passed through the towns of Lancaster and York in southeastern Pennsylvania.
Turning southwest, the road crossed the Potomac River and entered the Shenandoah Valley near present-day Martinsburg, West Virginia. It continued south in the valley via the Great Warriors' Trail, which was established by centuries of Indian travel over ancient trails created by migrating buffalo herds. The Shenandoah portion of the road is also known as the Valley Pike. The Treaty of Lancaster in 1744 had established colonists' rights to settle along the Indian Road. Although traffic on the road increased dramatically after 1744, it was reduced to a trickle during the French and Indian War from 1756 to 1763. But after the war ended, it was said to be the most heavily traveled main road in America.
, South Carolina
South of the Shenandoah Valley, the road reached the Roanoke River at the town of Big Lick. South of Roanoke, the Great Wagon Road was also called the Carolina Road. At Roanoke, a road forked southwest, leading into the upper New River Valley and on to the Holston River in the upper Tennessee Valley. From there, the Wilderness Road led into Kentucky, ending at the Ohio River where flatboats were available for further travel into the Midwest and even to New Orleans.
From Big Lick/Roanoke, after 1748, the Great Wagon Road passed through the Maggoty Gap to the east side of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Continuing south through the Piedmont region, it passed through the present-day North Carolina towns of Winston-Salem, Salisbury, and Charlotte and sites of earlier Indian settlements on the historic Indian Trading Path. The Great Wagon Road ultimately reached Augusta, Georgia, on the Savannah River, a distance of more than from Philadelphia.
Despite its current name, the southern part of this road was by no means passable by wagons until later colonial times. The 1751 Fry-Jefferson map on this page notes the term "Waggon" only north of Winchester, Virginia. In 1753, a group of wagon travelers reported that "the good road ended at Augusta", although they did keep going all the way to Winston-Salem. By all accounts, it was never a comfortable route. The lines of settlers' covered wagons moving south were matched by a line of wagons full of agricultural produce heading north to urban markets; these were interspersed with enormous herds of cattle, hogs, and other livestock being driven north to market. Although there surely would have been pleasant areas for travel, road conditions also could vary from deep mud to thick dust, mixed with animal waste. In general, travelers preferred high and dry roads, but they also needed regularly spaced water sources for their horses. Inns were generally built near flowing springs, but provided only the most basic food and a space to sleep.
Today, it is possible to experience many segments of the old road by car, by bike, or even on foot. Although most of the road has seen profound changes, some areas retain scenery much as the pioneers encountered it.

File:Great Valley Road Map.png|thumb|The Great Valley Road used by settlers in the 1700s America. __________________________

Summary

The following tables summarize the segments of the Great Wagon Road with links to details on each section and a Google map showing the current roads and a satellite view of the area.
Note: The segments and distances are approximations; actual paths varied constantly with fallen trees, floods, etc.

Order	Segment	Date	Approximate Distance	Approximate Distance	Google Map link
1	#Philadelphia to York, Pennsylvania	circa 1754	94	151
2	#York, Pennsylvania to Winchester, Virginia via Old Monocacy Road	circa 1730	117	188
3	#York, Pennsylvania to Winchester, Virginia via Nichols Gap	circa 1754	114	183
4	#York, Pennsylvania to Winchester, Virginia via Black's Gap	circa 1754	112	180
5	#Winchester to Roanoke, Virginia	circa 1754	187	301
6	#Roanoke, Virginia to Wachovia, North Carolina	circa 1754	128	206
7	#Wachovia to Salisbury, North Carolina via the Trading Ford	circa 1765	46	74
8	#Wachovia to Salisbury, North Carolina via the Shallow Ford	circa 1765	55	89
9	#Salisbury, North Carolina to Charlotte, North Carolina	circa 1775	38	61
10	#Charlotte, North Carolina to Augusta, Georgia via Camden and Columbia, South Carolina	circa 1775	190	310
11	#Charlotte, North Carolina to Augusta, Georgia via Union and Columbia, South Carolina	circa 1775	209	336
12	#Alternate path from Union, South Carolina to Augusta, Georgia, via Pelzer, South Carolina	circa 1775	187	301

Philadelphia to York, Pennsylvania

Location	Present-day road segment number	Present-day road segment name	Distance covered	Remarks
Philadelphia, Market Street, at Delaware River
	State Road 3	Market St		By about 1740, milestones were placed along the side of the Great Wagon Road to Lancaster, each with a chiseled number, indicating the distance in miles from the Quaker meeting house at Second Street and High Street in Philadelphia.
Schuylkill River Ferry
	PA-3	Market St		The Strasburg Wagon Road branched here, through West Chester, Parkesburg, Gap, and Strasburg, Pennsylvania, from where a track continued through Willow Street village to the Susquehanna River at the mouth of the Conestoga River. This road followed roughly the ancient Great Minquas Path, also known occasionally as the Conestoga Path. In 1716, John Miller became the first regular wagon driver between Philadelphia and Lancaster County; he used this Strasburg Road. By 1717, there were two or three more wagons in use, including the first "Conestoga" wagon.
	PA-3005	Lancaster Ave		Detour around Drexel University. This is where the 1795 Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike began.
Crossing of Girard Avenue, Philadelphia
	US-30	Lancaster Ave
Montgomery County line; at US-1				The Lincoln Highway from Trenton, New Jersey joined the Lancaster Turnpike here.
	US-30	Lincoln Hwy		This section was relocated in many places in 1830 by construction of the Pennsylvania Railroad "Main Line".
Delaware County line; at County Line Rd
	US-30	Lincoln Hwy
Chester County line; at Sugartown Rd
	US-30	Lancaster Ave
Crossing of US-202
	US-30 Business Route	Lincoln Hwy
Downingtown, Pennsylvania ; Brandywine Creek Ford				The Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike branched here, continuing along US-30 Business until rejoining US-30 west of here. US-30 now follows its path until meeting PA-462 at Lancaster. The turnpike continued along PA-462 to end at the Susquehanna River in Columbia, Pennsylvania. After 1913, the turnpike was renamed as a section of the Lincoln Highway.
	US-322	Manor Ave		In 1803, the Horseshoe Pike was built from here to Ephrata and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
	PA-4015	Edges Mill Rd
	PA-340	Kings Road		The King's Road was built from Philadelphia to Lancaster in 1733. It became a section of the Great Wagon Road.
	PA-340	Old Philadelphia Pike		PA-340 departs from the original Harrisburg Road at White Horse, Pennsylvania. Called "Old Peter's Road", this packhorse road turned northwest through Springville, Groffdale, and Center Square, then over a future quarry to ford the Conestoga River, continuing south of Lancaster Airport to Mount Joy, then along Donegal Springs Road and Stackstown Road to the Susquehanna River at Bainbridge, Pennsylvania. Much of it is obliterated now by cultivated fields and residential developments.
Lancaster, Pennsylvania ; Conestoga River Ford ; Historic Fork of the Great Wagon Road				Lancaster is where blacksmiths fabricated the famous heavy Conestoga wagons and supplied horses that were locally bred especially to pull them in lieu of oxen, commonly with a team of six animals. In 1734, a segment of the original Great Wagon Road, the King's Road, now PA-230, was built from the center of Lancaster through Mount Joy to Pine Ford across Swatara Creek at Middletown, and past the Harris ferry. Also, in 1736 there was built a well-used wagon road from Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, to Harris ferry. Eventually from Harrisburg the King's Road continued to Carlisle, Shippensburg, Chambersburg, and on to the Potomac River. In 1758 the Forbes military wagon road was built, branching west from Chambersburg to Fort Loudon, Pennsylvania and on to Pittsburgh. Heavy wagon traffic carried supplies from Philadelphia through Lancaster and Harrisburg to the General Forbes army, which was based in Carlisle. Much later, in 1806, a group of Conestoga wagon craftsmen moved from Lancaster to the Harrisburg area where they set up business; the settlement was named Mechanicsburg in 1820 because of all their shops there.
	PA-462	King St + Columbia Ave + Lancaster Ave + Chestnut St
Columbia, Pennsylvania ; Susquehanna River Ferry				The road from Philadelphia to here was paved with stones in 1795, and the railroad from Philadelphia to here was completed in 1834.
Wrightsville, Pennsylvania ----------------------- York County line
	PA-462	Lincoln Hwy + Market St
York, Pennsylvania ; Codorus Creek ford

York, Pennsylvania to Winchester, Virginia via Old Monocacy Road

Continuing west at York, Pennsylvania:

Location	Present-day Road segment Number	Present-day Road segment Name	Distance covered	Remarks
York, Pennsylvania ; Codorus Creek ford
	PA-462	Market St
	US-30
Historic Fork of the Great Wagon Road; ------------------- Junction of PA-116 at US-30				The later Great Wagon Road, continued on from here along US-30. But the old Monocacy Road via Frederick, Maryland continued as described below.
	Pa-116	York Road
Hanover, Pennsylvania ; Adams County
	PA-194	Frederick St + Hanover Pike + King St
Littlestown, Pennsylvania
	PA-194	King St + Francis Scott Key Highway
Maryland State Line ; Carroll County				This is the historic Mason–Dixon line.
	MD-194	Francis Scott Key Highway + York St
Taneytown, Maryland
	MD-194	Frederick St + Francis Scott Key Highway + Woodsboro Pike
Big Pipe Creek
		Keysville Bruceville Rd + Sixes Bridge Rd + Mumma Ford Rd
Monocacy River; Mumma Ford ; Frederick County				-
		Mumma Ford Rd + Appolds Rd + Old Frederick Rd + Rocky Ridge Rd + Long Rd + Jimtown Rd + Hessong Bridge Rd		A map published by Tracey and Dern shows a road, referred to as the "Manor" Monocacy Road, continuing south on Old Frederick Rd to Frederick. The map, however, shows the "German" Monocacy Road turning onto Rocky Ridge Rd and continuing as described below.
Lewistown, Maryland
		Fish Hatchery Rd + Bethel Rd + Yellow Springs Rd
Frederick, Maryland ; Fort Detrick				The original path of the Monocacy wagon road is presently unknown for this vicinity.
		Montevue Ln + Shookstown Rd + Waverly Dr
Junction of US-40 and Alt US-40				From Frederick, there was also another route to the south, generally followed by US-15. This was called "The Carolina Road" or occasionally "The High Road" through Virginia; it crossed the Potomac River via Noland's ferry south of "Point of Rocks". At its southern end, from Clarksville, Virginia it entered North Carolina about west of the Fall Line Road and east of the Great Wagon Road. From that entry point, it was possible to travel west through Hillsborough and Greensboro, to Salem or Salisbury, North Carolina, and rejoin the Great Wagon Road. However, the Monacacy Road continued as described below.
		Old National Pike + Main St
Middletown, Maryland
	Alt US-40	Main St + Old National Pike
Turner's Gap;
	Alt US-40	Old National Pike
Boonsboro, Maryland				After Harpers Ferry began operating legally in 1761, the road through Boonsboro was no longer needed; wagon traffic followed the path of US-340 from Frederick to Harpers Ferry. From there, it joined the road from Alexandria, Virginia west of Vestal's Pass at Charlestown; next, south of Middleway, it connected with the old Monocacy Road and proceeded directly on it to Winchester, Virginia. It was about from York to Winchester via Harpers Ferry.
	MD-34	Potomac St + Shepherdstown Pike + Main St		Fording Antietam Creek.
Sharpsburg, Maryland
	MD-34	Main St + Shepherdstown Pike
Potomac River; ----------------- West Virginia state line; Berkeley County;				Samuel Taylor's ferry originally operated here and later Thomas Swearingen's ferry. "Packhorse Ford" is nearby. A 1736 Benjamin Winslow map and the 1751 Fry-Jefferson map show the ferry crossing at the Spurgent property.
Shepherdstown, West Virginia
	MD-34	Duke St + Kearneysville Pike + Leetown Rd + Queen St
Middleway, West Virginia				Settlement was originally called Smithfield
		Queen St + Box Factory Rd + Leetown Rd + Summit Point Rd
Virginia State Line; Clark County
	VA-672	Swimley Rd
Junction with Road from Alexandria				This is shown on the 1751 Fry Jefferson map. After 1761, traffic from Harpers Ferry also arrived here.
		Old Charlestown Rd + Crums Church Rd
Junction with Road from Alexandria				This is shown on the 1751 Fry Jefferson map.
	VA-7	Harry Byrd Highway
Opequon Creek Ford; Frederick County				Now bridged
	VA-7	Berryville Pike + National Ave + Piccadilly St
Winchester, Virginia; ; at US-11, Cameron St -------------- Historic Junction of the Great Wagon Road				This is where the Monocacy Road from York, Pennsylvania joined the Great Wagon Road.

York, Pennsylvania to Winchester, Virginia via Nichols Gap

Continuing west at York, Pennsylvania:

Location	Present-day Road segment Number	Present-day Road segment Name	Distance covered	Remarks
York, Pennsylvania ; Codorus Creek ford
	PA-462	Market St
	US-30
Historic Fork of the Great Wagon Road; ------------------- Junction of PA-116 at US-30				Another early wagon route, the "Monocacy Road", went from here to Winchester, Virginia. It was about from York to Winchester, using this road. From York, however, the Great Wagon Road continued west as described below.
	US-30
Beaver Creek ford ; Adams County Line
	US-30
Historic Fork of the Great Wagon Road; ------------------- Swift Run Road at US-30				Another equally important path of the Great Wagon Road, the Black's Gap Road continued west from here as described in the next table below. It was shown on a 1775 version of a 1770 map by William Scull.
	US-30	Lincoln Highway
Gettysburg
	PA-116	Lincoln Highway + Baltimore St + Middle St + Fairfield Rd + Main St
Fairfield
		Main St + Iron Springs Rd + Gum Springs Rd + Furnace Rd + Charmian Rd
Nichols Gap ; ---------------- Charmian Rd intersection with Buchanan Trail
		Old Rte 16
Rouzerville
		Waterloo Rd+ Harbaugh Church Rd + Midvale Rd
Maryland State Line ; Washington County				This is the historic Mason–Dixon line.
	MD-418	Ringgold Pike
Ringgold
		Ringgold Pike + Ringgold St + Leiter St
Leitersburg
		Leiter St + Leitersburg Pike + Potomac Avenue + Potomac St
Hagerstown
		Franklin St + Prospect St + Virginia Ave
Exit from US-11				This is probably a detour. The original path to Falling Water Road may have been closer to present-day Williamsport.
		Governor Lane Blvd + Spielman Rd + Falling Water Rd + a dirt road		The last half mile is now an inaccessible dirt road on private property with locked gates. But it is possible now to continue across the river via a detour over the bridge at Williamsport,
Potomac River; Williams Ferry; ----------------- West Virginia state line; Berkeley County;				Williams ferry was shown here on a 1736 map by Benjamin Winslow. However, no trace remains of any direct route to here from Hagerstown. Most wagons from Nichol's Gap may have crossed the Potomac at Williamsport instead of here.
		Foster Drive + Encampment Road
Foster Drive, Falling Waters, West Virginia; ---------------------------------------------------- Historic Junction of the Great Wagon Road				This is the vicinity where the Nichol's Gap Road from York, Pennsylvania presumably joined the combined Harrisburg Road and Black's Gap Road. Williams ferry was shown here on a 1736 map by Benjamin Winslow.
	US-11	Williamsport Pike + Queen St
Martinsburg, West Virginia
	US-11	King St + Winchester Ave
Virginia state line; Frederick County
	US-11	Martinsburg Pike + Cameron St
Winchester, Virginia ; ----------- Historic Junction of the Great Wagon Road				This is where the Monocacy Road from York, Pennsylvania joined the Great Wagon Road.

York, Pennsylvania to Winchester, Virginia via Black's Gap

Continuing west at York, Pennsylvania:

Location	Present-day Road segment Number	Present-day Road segment Name	Distance covered	Remarks
York, Pennsylvania ; Codorus Creek ford
	PA-462	Market St
	US-30
Historic Fork of the Great Wagon Road; ------------------- Junction of PA-116 at US-30				Another early wagon route, the "Monocacy Road", went from here to Winchester, Virginia. It was about from York to Winchester, using this road. From York, however, the Great Wagon Road continued west as described below.
	US-30
Beaver Creek ford ; Adams County Line
	US-30
Historic Fork of the Great Wagon Road; ------------------- Swift Run Road at US-30				Another equally important path of the Great Wagon Road, the Nichol's Gap Road went from here to reach Winchester, Virginia. This route was shown on the 1751 Fry-Jefferson map. The alternate path of the Great Wagon Road, however, continued west from here as described below. It was shown on a 1776 version of a 1770 map by William Scull.
		Swift Run Rd + Shrivers Corner Rd		It was about from York, Pennsylvania to Winchester, Virginia, using this road. In 1811, it was replaced by the Gettysburg and Chambersburg Turnpike.
		Goldenville Rd
		Hilltown Rd
		Lincoln Hwy		In 1811, the Gettysburg and Chambersburg Turnpike was built through here, moving the Great Wagon Road to present-day US-30. It was renamed as a section of the Lincoln Highway in 1916.
	US-30	Lincoln Hwy
Black's Gap in South Mountain; Franklin County, previously Cumberland County				In 1744, the Treaty of Lancaster, an agreement with the five Iroquois nations, legalized settlement in the Great Appalachian Valley west of here.
	US-30	Lincoln Hwy
Intersection of PA-997 at US-30				After 1790, another main wagon road ran northwest from here through Upper Strasburg, Fannettsburg, and Burnt Cabins, then followed the present-day Pennsylvania Turnpike as far as Breezewood and followed US-30 from there to Pittsburgh. This route bypassed Chambersburg and Fort Loudon, saving considerable toll and forage expenses for Conestoga wagon teamsters traveling between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. In 1768, valley settlers petitioned for a road from here to Chambersburg; it was approved in 1772 and ordered built in 1786. Eventually, in 1811 it became part of the Gettysburg to Chambersburg Turnpike, a principal route to Pittsburgh. Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, 11 miles west of here, became a fork of the Great Wagon Road after 1786. This is the junction with the Harrisburg-Carlisle-Shippensburg-Chambersburg branch of the Great Wagon Road that had been built to the Potomac River in 1744. The French and Indian War disrupted traffic on the Great Wagon Road from 1756 to 1763. The population of Franklin County in 1756 was 3,000; by 1760 it was down to 300. The Forbes military wagon road, built in 1758 to attack the French, branched west from Chambersburg through Fort Loudon and McConnellsburg to present-day Pittsburgh. Improved in 1785, it then carried heavy pioneer traffic to Ohio until the National Road was completed to the Ohio River in 1818 and the Erie Canal was completed to the Great Lakes in 1834. The earlier Great Wagon Road to the south from here, however, continued as described below. A 1770 map by William Scull showed the road bypassing Chambersburg and running directly from here to intersect with the Harrisburg road in the vicinity of Marion, Pennsylvania. A 1775 version of the map by Robert Sayer and J. Bennett showed John Mushet's tavern at this Marion intersection. Jeremiah Dixon suggested this to be a wagon road in 1767. This route would correspond roughly to present-day Bikle Road to Duffield and onward, south of Falling Spring, to the vicinity of present-day New Franklin and Marion.
	PA-997	Anthony Hwy
		Bickle Road
		Mont Alto Road
	PA-2020	New Franklin Road
New Franklin, Pennsylvania
		New Franklin Road
		Alleman Road
		3rd Street
		Kennedy Street
		Main Street
Marion, Pennsylvania ; ------------ Historic Junction of the Great Wagon Road				This appears to be the approximate location of John Mushet's inn and the intersection of the road from Philadelphia with the road from Harrisburg, as shown on a 1775 map by Robert Sayer and J. Bennett based on a 1770 map by William Scull. John Mushet's tavern apparently stood near the present-day intersection of Main Street and US-11; a brick house still stands there with a spring-fed stream behind it. John Mushet's property was adjacent to Adam Hoops's property, but the 1751 tax rolls had Mushet in Guilford Township and Hoops in Antrim Township; this indicates that the junction was almost at the township boundary line. The map also implies that the Hoops inn was on the west side of the road, approximately at present-day address 6451 S. Main St. Fifteen Moravian settlers, traveling with a large wagon, noted that they passed by the tavern and stopped briefly at the "German" inn on October 16, 1753; they were on their way from Bethlehem, Pennsylvania to Wachovia, North Carolina.
	US-11	South Main St + Antrim Way
Greencastle, Pennsylvania
		Williamsport Pike
Milnor Road Intersection				This was the location of the historic Pawling's Tavern where great amounts of cargo were transferred from wagons to pack horse trains for travel westward into the mountains and from pack horses to wagons for travel east to the cities. There is nothing left of the original buildings.
		Williamsport Pike
Maryland state line ; Washington County
	MD-63 + US-11	Greencastle Pike + Artizan St + W Potomac St		I
Williamsport, Maryland ; Potomac River; Watkins Ferry				Evan Watkins' ferry was established by law in 1744. At times it was possible to ford Conococheague Creek at the present-day railroad bridge and then to ford the Potomac River just above the mouth of the creek. After 1795, Watkins Ferry became Peter Light's ferry; in 1854 it became Robert Lemen's ferry, which was an improvement because of its attachment to a cable strung across the river. Williamsport was named after General Otho Williams, who laid out the town in 1787. Earlier, a settler named John Williams operated a different Potomac River ferry at Falling Waters near the mouth of Opequon Creek, downstream from here.
West Virginia state line; Berkeley County
	US-11	Williamsport Pike
Foster Drive, Falling Waters, West Virginia; ---------------------------------------------------- Historic Junction of the Great Wagon Road				This is the vicinity where the Nichol's Gap Road from York, Pennsylvania presumably joined the combined Harrisburg Road and Black's Gap Road. Williams ferry was shown here on a 1736 map by Benjamin Winslow.
	US-11	Williamsport Pike + Queen St
Martinsburg, West Virginia
	US-11	King St + Winchester Ave
Virginia state line; Frederick County
	US-11	Martinsburg Pike + Cameron St
Winchester, Virginia ; ---------- Historic Junction of the Great Wagon Road				This is where the Monocacy Road from York, Pennsylvania joined the Great Wagon Road.

Winchester to Roanoke, Virginia

Continuing south at Winchester, Virginia:

Location	Present-day road segment number	Present-day road segment name	Distance covered	Remarks
Winchester, Virginia ; ------------ Historic Junction of the Great Wagon Road				This is where the Monocacy Road from York, Pennsylvania joined the Great Wagon Road. Winchester was considered the gateway to the Shenandoah Valley, leading to the Carolina Piedmont, Tennessee, and Kentucky. In the period after the French and Indian War until the Revolutionary War, this Great Wagon Road was said to have been the most heavily traveled main road in all of America. Its eventual decline can be traced to the construction of railroads in the second half of the nineteenth century.
	US-11	Cameron St + Gerard St + Valley Ave + Valley Pike
Shenandoah County line ; at Cedar Creek ford				Brief passage through Warren County just before the ford.
	US-11	Old Valley Pike + Massanuten St
Strasburg, Virginia
	US-11	King St + Old Valley Pike		There are fords at Tumbling Run, Toms Brook, Jordan Run, Pughs Run, and Narrow Passage Creek. The "Narrow Passage" ridge is just 1 mile north of Edinburg.
Edinburg, Virginia ; Stony Creek ford
	US-11	Old Valley Pike
Mill Creek ford
	US-11	Old Valley Pike
Shenandoah River ford
	US-11	Old Valley Pike
Rockingham County line ; at Whereman's Run
	US-11	Lee Hwy
Fork in Road; Brocks Gap Road to West Virginia
	US-11	Lee Hwy + Main St
Harrisonburg, Virginia
	US-11	Main St + Lee Hwy
Augusta County line; at VA-690
	US-11	Main St + Lee Hwy + US-11BUS + Augusta St
Staunton, Virginia				Fork in road: Left to Waynesboro, right to Carolina.
	US-11			Lewis Creek ford
	VA-613 + VA697	Old Greenville Rd		Fork at VA-694 ; ford at Folly Mills Creek
Greenville, Virginia ; South River ford
	US-11	Lee Hwy
Rockbridge County line ; Marl Creek ford
	US-11	Lee Hwy		Ford Moores Creek, Marlbrook Creek, Mill Creek;
Maury River ford
	US-11	Lee Hwy
Lexington, Virginia
	US-11	Lee Hwy
Natural Bridge, Virginia				Over Cedar Creek
	US-11	Lee Hwy
Botetourt County line ; at VA-610
	US-11	Lee Hwy
Buchanan, Virginia ; James River ford				Looney's ferry was between I-81 and Looney Creek. The ford was between Looney Creek and the present-day US-11 bridge.
	US-11	Main St + Lee Hwy		Wagons using the ferry could avoid fording Looney's Creek by following VA-772 from the ferry to Looney's mill.
Looney Creek ford
	US-11	Lee Hwy
Junction US-11 & VA-772				The old Looney mill reportedly was at the present-day junction of US-11 and VA-772.
	US-11	Lee Hwy
Beaverdam Creek ford				At VA-636 intersection
	US-11	Lee Hwy		Fording Mill Creek twice
Junction US-11 and VA-796				In November 1753, a road was cut to follow the path straight from here to Cloverdale. It later became part of the Southwest Turnpike. Before November 1753, however, the Great Wagon Road turned westward here as described below.
	VA-796 + VA-676 + VA-670 + VA-673	Gravel Hill Rd + Parsons Rd + Trinity Rd + Greenfield St		Crossing under I-81 highway bridge. A settlement at the junction of VA-670 and VA-673 was known as Howrytown. In 1750, Greenfield Street was called "The Market Road".
Amsterdam, Virginia
	VA-720 + US-220	Amsterdam Rd + Roanoke Rd		On October 31, 1753, the 15 original Moravian settlers on their way to Wachovia, North Carolina, encountered Joseph McDonald at his house 1/2 mile before the next fork. This land was owned later by Michael Cloyd, who lived in the same house or built a replacement, which was moved 3 miles north in 1995 to Trinity village where it was painstakingly restored and now houses a tea shop and restaurant. Joseph McDonald moved in 1763 to present-day Blacksburg, Virginia, where he built a similar log house which is still preserved today as part of a national historic site.
Fork in the Great Wagon Road; at US-220 & VA-675				The old road to the New River forked here in the direction of VA-675 to VA-779 & VA-311 & VA-785, reconnecting eventually with US-11 at Radford, Virginia, near Blacksburg and Christiansburg. In 1758 the trail to Tennessee and Kentucky was improved and widened into a wagon road from the crossing at the New River to the Holston River at Long Island. After 1761 Ingles Ferry carried the wagons across the New River. In 1797 the Wilderness Trail was improved into a wagon road through the Cumberland Gap to Louisville, Kentucky. The road to North Carolina continued south here; however, following US-220 as described below.
	US-220 + US-11	Roanoke Rd + Lee Hwy		Passing over Buffalo Creek and under I-81 Highway.
Fork in the Great Wagon Road; at VA-654 & VA-605 ; Tinker Creek ford: Cloverdale, Virginia				The road toward Tennessee continued west along US-11 for, then along VA-117 for, then west along US-460 to rejoin US-11 westward at Salem, Virginia. The road to North Carolina turned south here, following VA-605 as described below. Also, there is another fork; VA-654 continues over the hill in a shortcut to join US-460, a branch of the old "Warwick Road" to Lynchburg and Richmond, Virginia.
	VA-654 and VA-605	Read Mountain Rd and Sanderson Rd		A "stone house" located at the junction of VA-654 and VA-605 was an early landmark for travelers and surveyors.
Roanoke County line ;
	VA-605	Sanderson Rd + Shadwell Dr + Old Mountain Rd		The original road is now Stonegate Dr and is open only to pedestrians and bikes. The ruins of the Black Horse Tavern are on Old Mountain Road at its junction with Shadwell Dr.
Tinker Creek ford
	VA-115 + US-460	Hollins Rd + Orange Ave
Fork in the Great Wagon Road; at US-11A and VA-116 Intersection				Williamson Rd leads south from here to the Carolinas. Orange Ave leads west via Salem Turnpike and Lynchburg Turnpike to Salem, Virginia, where US-11 continues past the New River to Tennessee, or to Kentucky and the Ohio River via the Cumberland Gap and Wilderness Road, which was widened enough for wagons in 1796.
Old Buffalo Salt Lick				The historic Big Salt Lick is now an industrial area located on both sides of Hollins Road between Rhodes Avenue and Norfolk Avenue. There are numerous salt licks in the area.
		Williamson Rd		This is a detour. The original road is now a railroad track.
Roanoke, Virginia

Roanoke, Virginia to Wachovia, North Carolina

Continue south at Roanoke, Virginia:

Location	Present-day Road segment Number	Present-day Road segment Name	Distance covered	Remarks
Roanoke, Virginia
		Franklin Rd
Roanoke River ford				A roadside historical marker here refers to this as Tosh's ford on the Great Wagon Road. Evans Mill was located nearby, between Crystal Spring and the Roanoke River, probably at the junction of Evans Mill Road and Crystal Spring Avenue. Franklin Rd continues onward, becoming Electric Rd, which forks south after 1 mile to Starkey Rd leading to Merriman Rd. VA-613 leaves the Great Valley, crossing into Franklin County through Maggoty Gap in the Blue Ridge Mountains; this route provided wagon access to North and South Carolina and Georgia.
	US-220 Business	Franklin Rd		On November 2, 1753, the original 15 Moravian men on their way to start a settlement at Wachovia, North Carolina, were apparently misinformed and mistakenly turned left at Evans mill. With great effort, they forced their way with a large Conestoga type of wagon through the Windy Gap packhorse road over the Blue Ridge Mountains. After their descent into Franklin County on the east side of the ridge and following VA-684, they rejoined the Great Wagon Road at Boones Mill, Virginia.
US-220 freeway intersection
	VA-419	Electric Rd
	VA-604	Starkey Rd
	VA-613	Merriman Rd
VA-615 intersection				The earliest wagon road apparently turned left here, following VA-615 southeast to Wright, Virginia, then VA-614 south to Wild Turkey Road. Continuing to the end of Wild Turkey Road, it would then pass over the Maggoty Gap at Milner Place and descend across Maggoty Creek to VA-613 where an existing brick house reportedly served as an inn on the Great Wagon Road. A power line now goes through this gap, but it is probably not suitable for driving a vehicle. An alternate path is described below.
	VA-613	Merriman Rd		This is a detour from the earliest path of the Great Wagon Road. After 1838, this was the path of the Pittsylvania, Franklin, and Botetourt Turnpike.
Simmonds Gap ; Franklin County line
	VA-613	Naff Rd
US-220 freeway intersection
	US-220	Goode Hwy
Boones Mill, Virginia				After 1838, the Great Wagon Road moved to the Franklin-Fincastle turnpike, which continued straight here and passed through Rocky Mount, Virginia.
	VA-739	Bethlehem Rd		Passing over Little Creek culvert. The original Moravian settlers of Wachovia camped here on Bethlehem Road at Little Creek on November 4, 1753.
	VA-643	Bethlehem Rd
	VA-641	Calloway Rd		Detour around a cultivated field.
	VA-643	Hickman/Hopkins Rd
Blackwater River ford
	VA-643	Coles Creek Rd		Passing over Coles Creek culvert.
	VA-821	Calico Rock Rd
Crossing of VA-640
	VA-980	Pepper Rd		Staying on northeast side of creek.
		Dirt Track		Around cultivated fields. A detour is located west of here; south on VA-756.
Pigg Creek ford				This ford is directly at the north end of VA-802.
	VA-802	Old Carolina Rd
	VA-756	Old Forge Rd
	VA-864	Old Ferrum Rd		The original Moravian settlers of Wachovia camped here beside Story Creek one mile northeast of Ferrum on November 5, 1753.
	VA-623	Union Rd + Ingramville Rd		Passing over Story Creek culvert.
Ferrum, Virginia				Railroad crossing here. The Great Wagon Road south of here was obliterated by railroad construction in 1892.
	VA-767	Prillamin Switch Rd		Passing over Little Town Creek & Town Creek culverts.
	VA-606	Town Creek Dr		Passing over Town Creek Fork bridge. Later travelers could avoid some of the swamps along Town Creek by following ridges west of the valley; VA-771 and VA-770.
Henry, Virginia ; Town Creek ford ; Henry County line				The original Moravian settlers of Wachovia camped here November 6, 1753.
	VA-606	Henry Fork Rd + Original Henry Rd		Passing over Town Creek and Grassy Fork swampy area, then a steep little hill.
	VA-606	Philpott Dr + Oak Level Rd		Long gradual ascent, then one mile along the ridge.
	VA-669	Colonial Hill Rd		Steep descent, crossing Little Reed Creek at bottom.
	US-220	Virginia Ave		The original Wachovia settlers described this section as "beautiful lowlands" with many grapes, which they enjoyed. They camped on November 7, 1753, at the mouth of Reed Creek on the bank of the Smith River. The landscape as seen by them has since been extensively altered; the Philpott Dam upstream has reduced the river to a relative trickle, and the construction of a railroad and major highway interchange further modified the topography. For these reasons it is difficult to interpret their diary notes. It seems clear, however, that although the next day was extremely strenuous, they traveled through present-day Collinsville, Virginia, and ended up at the mouth of Daniels Creek on the bank of the Smith River, across from present-day Fieldale, after traveling only.
Smith River ford; Fieldale, Virginia				The original Wachovia settlers camped on the east bank of the Smith River ford here on November 8, 9, and 10, 1753, waiting for floodwaters to recede. The next day, after fording the river, they took a very difficult route straight ahead through a swamp and up a rough hillside to rejoin the Great Wagon Road.
Fork in the Great Wagon Road at Smith River				Later traffic across this ford appeared to take a right turn onto the Great Wagon Road which looped north briefly around the rough hills. It also appears that wagon traffic in better weather used a ford almost at the mouth of Blackberry Creek instead of at Fieldale. The 1751 Fry-Jefferson map shows the Blackberry Creek location.
	VA-609	Dillons Fork Rd		A man named John Hickey had a peddler's license and ran a store and "ordinary" here at Rangely, Virginia, in 1753. It was the last place to buy salt until beyond Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
	VA-683	The Great Rd + Meadowood Trail		In 1753, the original Wachovia settlers continued south along VA-683 to Preston Rd. Other travelers reportedly turned west onto VA-627 for and then south on VA-687 to avoid creeks and swamps.
	VA-687	Preston Rd
	US-58	Philpott Hwy
Horse Pasture, Virginia; Crossing of US-58				The original Wachovia settlers camped here on November 11, 1753.
	VA-694	Wagon Trail Rd
	VA-692	Horsepasture-Price Rd
	VA-692	Wagon Trail Rd		Passing over Horse Pasture Creek ford.
	VA-695	George Taylor Rd
North Mayo River ford
	VA-695	George Taylor Rd
South Mayo River ford				The original Wachovia settlers camped here on November 12, 1753.
	VA-695	George Taylor Rd
Crooked Creek ford				The ford appears to be slightly east of the road.
	VA-695	George Taylor Rd
North Carolina state line ; Stokes County line
	NC-1625	Amostown Rd		Although the early travelers seem to have been very good at estimating mileage in 1750, even on horseback, one should keep in mind that the first odometer in America wasn't invented until 1775 and the first wagon odometers weren't used until a hundred years later. Until then, the reported method was to tie a rag to a spoke on a wagon wheel and count the number of revolutions; multiplying by the wheel's circumference would yield distance traveled. For a typical day's journey of 15 miles, one would need to count over 6,000 turns of the rag, which seems error prone and tedious in the extreme.
Sandy Ridge, North Carolina				In 1753, the original Wachovia settlers left the easily traveled ridge more than once to descend to creeks, once at Buffalo Creek, and again apparently on Dillard Road to cross Blackies Branch, presumably because they were following buffalo trails where the animals wanted water.
	NC-704	NC Hwy 704E
	NC-772	NC Hwy 772
Dodgetown, North Carolina; Fork in the Great Wagon Road				Some wagons branched southwest here to ford the Dan River, possibly following Dodgetown Road past Dillard Road, then down Glidewell Lane to a ford and then over Bumpy Hollow Road and Stewart Road to NC-89 to reach Meadows, Danbury, or Walnut Cove or wagons also could follow Dodgetown Road and NC-1698, crossing Davis ford to reach Meadows, Danbury, or Walnut Cove. It is possible that the original Moravian settlers forded the Dan River here in 1753 and then traveled south to present-day Walnut Cove, but this road doesn't appear on the Wachovia map of 1767. On the Wachovia maps of 1770 and 1771 it runs directly from Salem to the Dan River ford here, crossing Town Creek at present-day Walnut Cove; it is called the Limestone Road in 1770 and the Upper Road in 1771. But Moravian Bishop Spangenburg mentioned in 1752 that the surveyed Wachovia tract was on the "upper road to Pennsylvania". So the original Moravian settlers of Wachovia may well have camped at this Dan River ford on November 13, 14, and 15, in 1753, waiting for the floodwater to recede.
	NC-772	NC Hwy 772
Dillard, North Carolina
	NC-772	NC Hwy 772
		Hickory Fork Rd
		Willard Rd		4-wheel drive now recommended from Willard Rd to Walnut Cove. Otherwise continue on Hickory Fork Rd south to US-311, then west to Walnut Cove.
Dan River ford				Impassable during flooding. The road here was called Bryant's Road on the 1771 Wachovia map of "East Part of Surrey County". The original Moravian settlers of Wachovia may have camped here November 13, 14, and 15, in 1753, waiting for the floodwater to recede. The land on the west side of the Dan River has been altered significantly for agriculture, but from the 1766 Moravian map by C. B. Reuter it appears that wagons rolled through in the vicinity of NC-1718 and made their way up the hill to the Townfork settlement.
	NC-1718	Dirt track + Saura Farm Rd
	NC-1717	Tuttle Rd
	US-311	US-311 + Oldtown Rd		Culvert with a small creek under US-311.
Walnut Cove, North Carolina				After 1770, A road forded Town Creek here and ran directly to Salem, and then to Salisbury, North Carolina. However, the original path of the Great Wagon Road continued as described below.
		Brook Cove Rd		Fording at Mills, Ash Camp, Voss, Watts, and Martin creeks. This is the area of the historic Townfork Creek Settlement.
	NC-8	NC-8
Ford at Townfork Creek
	NC-8	NC-8		The Moravians first encountered a new road here in 1753, presumably cut by existing settlers and leading into the Wachovia Tract toward the Yadkin River.
Germanton, North Carolina ; Forsyth County line ; Buffalo Creek ford
	NC-8	NC-8
Junction NC-65				This is the present-day road from Rural Hall.
	NC-8	Germanton Rd
		Stanleyville Dr
		University Parkway
	NC-1672	West Haynes Mill Rd
		Bethania Station Rd		Fording Grassy Creek at its fork, adjacent to Mill Creek.
Branch from the Great Wagon Road. ------				The Moravians cut a new road on November 17, 1753, from here to Bethabara, North Carolina. It is roughly followed by Bethania Station Rd to its end at Bethabara Rd for a total of, including a brief detour on Bethabara Park Blvd. In 1759, the Moravians cut another new road, now NC-1681, to Bethania from Bethabara. As shown on a 1766 map of Bethania Town Lots by Christian Gottlieb Reuter, it passed just north of the future cemetery in Bethania and is now named Loeschs Lane at its end.
		Becks Church Rd + Murray Rd + Shattalon Rd + Bethabara Rd		This is a detour. A 1759 map of Wachovia by Christian Gottlieb Reuter showed the original road fording two streams as it continued almost directly southwest from the intersection of Becks Church Rd and Bethania Station Rd. The next fork was actually at the present-day intersection of NC-1681 and Towergate Dr.
Fork in the Great Wagon Road. ---- Junction of Bethabara Road and Towergate Drive				In 1763 a new road was ordered to be cut to Salisbury from this intersection of the Shallow Ford wagon road and Bethabara Road; it followed present-day NC-150 on the east side of the Yadkin River. At about the same time a road was ordered to be cut from Shallow Ford to Salisbury on the west side of the Yadkin River. They were both completed almost simultaneously in 1764, forming alternate paths for The Great Wagon Road. There will be two alternative detours from this fork. The Shallow Ford road actually continued west from here in the vicinity of Winona St, Velinda Drive, Flyntdale Avenue and Yadkinville Road; its detour ends on Yadkinville Road at the Muddy Creek bridge. The Trading Ford road actually branched south in the vicinity of Speas Road and Midkiff Road from where it joined present-day Reynolda Road; its detour ends at the junction of Reynolda Road and Midkiff Road.

Wachovia to Salisbury, North Carolina via the Trading Ford

Continue south at Wachovia, North Carolina:

Location	Present-day Road segment Number	Present-day Road segment Name	Distance covered	Remarks
Fork in the Great Wagon Road. ---- Junction of Bethabara Road and Towergate Drive				In a 1773 map of Wachovia by Philip Christian Gottlieb Reuter, he identified this Trading Ford branch of the road as the "Salisbury Road Continuing to Charlestown" , presumably through Camden, South Carolina. This road appeared earlier on a 1759 map of Wachovia by Reuter, but it may not yet have been suitable for wagons then.
		Bethabara Rd + Bethabara Park Blvd + Reynolda Rd		This is a detour. The Trading Ford road actually branched south in the vicinity of Speas Rd and Midkiff Rd from where it joined present-day Reynolda Rd. The detour ends at the junction of Reynolda Rd and Midkiff Rd.
		Reynolda Rd
Branch from the Great Wagon Road. ------				The Salisbury Wagon Road reportedly continued south on Stratford Rd, although later a branch appeared at the junction of Salisbury Ridge Road and Acadia Avenue.
		Stratford Rd
Junction of Stratford Rd and 1st St
		Miller St		In 1772, this segment was crossed by a new road from Old Salem to Lewisville via present-day Academy St. + Hawthorne Rd. + Old Vineyard Rd. + Country Club Dr + Shallowford Rd.
Junction of Miller Street and Silas Creek Parkway				Begin detour here.
		Silas Creek Parkway + Ebert Road + Ardmore Road
Junction of Ardmore Rd and Old Salisbury Rd				End detour here.
		Old Salisbury Rd
Junction of Old Salisbury Rd and NC-150
	NC-150
Arcadia, North Carolina ---- Intersection with Cape Fear Rd				This was an old Indian trading path converted to a pack horse road. It ran east to Cross Creek which was at the navigable head of the Cape Fear River. From there, boats could run cargo to and from Wilmington.
	NC-150			On May 31, 1791, George Washington rode here in a carriage from Salisbury to Salem via the ferry at Trading Ford. He was traveling on the Great Wagon Road from Augusta via Camden to Salem, after which he exited toward Guilford Battleground.
Junction of NC-150 and US-29
	NC-150 & US-29
Yadkin River				Detour over a bridge crossing the Yadkin River near the Trading Ford.
	NC-150 & US-29	Salisbury Ave + Main St
Salisbury, North Carolina ----- Junction of Main St and Innes St

Wachovia to Salisbury, North Carolina via the Shallow Ford

Continue south at Wachovia, North Carolina:

Location	Present-day Road aegment Number	Present-day Road segment Name	Distance covered	Remarks
Fork in the Great Wagon Road. ----				The Moravians cut a new road on November 17, 1753, from here to Bethabara.
		Becks Church Rd + Murray Rd + Shattalon Rd		This is a detour. A 1766 map by Christian Gottlieb Reuter showed the original road continuing almost directly southwest from the intersection of Becks Church Rd and Bethany Station Rd. It forded two streams and passed in the vicinity of present-day Winona St and also Velinda Dr.
Crossing of NC-1681, Bethabara Rd				The Moravians cut a new road, now NC-1681, to Bethania from Bethabara in 1759. And in 1764 they cut a new branch of the Great Wagon Road to Salisbury from the present-day intersection of Bethabara Rd and Towergate Dr.
		Shattalon Rd		Continuing the detour.
Crossing of NC-67, Reynolda Rd
		Shattalon Rd + Yadkinville Rd		Continuing the detour.
Muddy Creek ford				The original road crossed Muddy Creek here.
		Yadkinville Rd		The original road turned southwesterly immediately west of Muddy Creek, passing at the south end of present-day Pfaff Lane, then crossing Olivet Church Road near its intersection with Spicewood Drive, then continuing to the intersection of Robinhood Road at Glad Acres Road and traveling south along Glad Acres Road. It continued westward just north of Ballyhoo Drive and Windham Farms Lane until it met present-day Lewisville Vienna Road just north of the Shiloh Lutheran Church.
Pfafftown, North Carolina
	NC-1525	Yadkinville Rd
Vienna, North Carolina
	NC-1308	Lewisville-Vienna Rd		The detour ends at the Shiloh Lutheran Church. The original road continued southward from there.
Lewisville, North Carolina ; Fork of the Great Wagon Road				The Moravians cut a wagon road from Salem to here in 1763. This opened an alternate path for the Great Wagon Road from Germanton through Bethabara and Salem to here. The original junction was at the Old Lewisville Fire Department building on Shallowford Road. The 1776 Mouzon map has no mention of Shallow Ford, but instead shows a road continuing almost due south from Lewisville possibly to a ferry location on the Yadkin river. The Great Wagon Road continued south and west as described below.
	NC-1001	Shallowford Rd
Shallow Ford ; Yadkin County line				This is where the Great Wagon Road ended in 1748 when Morgan Bryan finished his trip and settled south of the ford. Several years later he moved north and west, with a farm at the fork of North and South Deep Creek. He and his family owned over extending south all the way to Dutchman's Creek. At about the same time, Squire Boone settled about south of Morgan Bryan's mansion. Edward Hughes was probably the first settler at this location. He owned the land on both sides of the road approaching the ford from the east and was already operating a tavern here in 1753, which also served travelers for many years thereafter. . Shallow Ford itself is a gravel bar below a natural stone ledge, smooth, wide and flat, and capable of supporting large heavy wagons and automobiles. It is normally under about of water, but subject to sudden flooding that may last for days. The Shallow Ford was in regular use until a bridge was built in 1920 about a mile north of the ford. The eastern approach to the ford is now a vineyard. The wagon road on the west side was probably in the vicinity of present-day Canterbury Lane and Cornwallis Drive. The road south of Shallow Ford was ordered in 1763 to be improved from a pack horse trail to a wagon road, which was completed around 1764 to Salisbury, North Carolina. In 1770, another road was ordered cut west to "Mulberry Fields", which was extended later to Kentucky as the "Daniel Boone Trail" and which turned Shallow Ford into a major north-south and east-west crossroad.
	NC-1001	Courtney-Huntsville Rd
Huntsville, North Carolina
	NC-1716	Farmington Rd		Over Turner Creek ford.
Davie County line
	NC-1410	Farmington Rd
Farmington, North Carolina				Daniel Boone and his wife lived for a time on Sugar Creek east of here.
	NC-1410	Farmington Rd		Over Cedar Creek ford.
	US-158	Main St		Over Dutchman Creek ford and Elisha Creek ford.
Mocksville, North Carolina				US-64 intersection.
	US-601	Main St
	NC-801	Watt St
Cooleemee, North Carolina ; Rowan County line ; South Yadkin River ford				Cooleemee was an Indian plantation until 1814. It was possible to bypass the Indian community by using Renshaw's ford, located west of Powell Rd,.
	NC-801			For a detour, continue south on NC-801 to Woodleaf, then east on NC-1948 to rejoin the Great Wagon Road.
		Watkins Farm Rd		Ends now in a dirt track.
Fourth Creek ford or bridge
		Skyview Circle		Now a residential development.
	NC-1948	Potneck Rd		End of detour.
	US-601
Second Creek ford
	US-601
	NC-1910	Old Mocksville Rd
Deals Creek ford
	NC-1910	Old Mocksville Rd
Grants Creek ford
	NC-1910	Mocksville Ave + Ellis St + Innis St		To US-70 and NC-150 intersection.
Salisbury, North Carolina				Salisbury became a major east-west and north-south crossroad. In 1764, the Moravians cut a road from Bethabara and Salem to the Trading Ford at the Yadkin River and which connected here as an alternate route of the Great Wagon Road. Eventually, by 1775, the Great Wagon Road continued south from here to Charlotte, North Carolina, and Augusta, Georgia.

Salisbury, North Carolina to Charlotte, North Carolina

Continue south at Salisbury, North Carolina:

Location	Present-Day Road segment Number	Present-day Road segment Name	Distance covered	Remarks
Salisbury, North Carolina ; Intersection of US-70 and NC-150 with Innis Street				This is where the Great Philadelphia Wagon Road ended in 1764.
	US-29	Main St
	US-29A	Main St
China Grove, North Carolina
	US-29A	Main St
Kannapolis, North Carolina				Established by J.W. Cannon for his textile mills.
	US-29A	Main St
Concord, North Carolina
	US-29	Concord Parkway		This is a detour. The original Great Wagon Road continued south from here along Central Drive and crossed the Irish Buffalo River somewhere in the vicinity of Funderburks Lake, then continued on the ridge along NC-1414, then Stagecoach Rd, then down a hill and along the present-day Winkler Middle School driveway after which it is interrupted by NC-1430 before continuing to NC-1432 and following it south to rejoin US-29 at the end of the detour.
Fork in the Great Wagon Road ; Intersection with NC-1414 and with Union Cemetery Rd				The original fork actually occurred northwest of here on NC-1414 at the junction of Rock Hill Church Road and Stagecoach Road. Stagecoach Road led to Charlotte, while NC-1414 crossing here to Union Cemetery Road led southwest along Webb Road and Zion Church Road to Camden, South Carolina. This path can be followed by creek crossings on the 1776 Mouzon map where his "Hinds Creek" is now named Back Creek and his "Little Creek" is now called Reedy Creek. This route bypassed Charlotte and the Catawba Indian land, and also eliminated the need to cross the Catawba River to reach Camden. At the end of Zion Church Road, the route apparently followed NC-1132 across the Rocky River ford, then south in Mecklenburg County and Union County via Ferguson Road, Indian Trail Road, and Mill Grove Road, through a golf course and Goose Creek Airport, then on Rocky River Road and Lancaster Highway to the South Carolina state line, then SC-200 to Lancaster, South Carolina, where it joined another branch of the Great Wagon Road to Camden, South Carolina.
	US-29	Concord Parkway		This continues the detour until the NC-1432 junction.
	US-29	Concord Parkway		Over Coddle Creek and Mallard Creek fords, now bridges.
Mecklenburg County line				At Hudspeth Rd. intersection.
	US-29	Salisbury Rd + Tryon St
Charlotte, North Carolina				At Trade Street intersection.

Charlotte, North Carolina to Augusta, Georgia via Camden and Columbia, South Carolina

Continue south at Charlotte, North Carolina:

Location	Present-day Road segment Number	Present-day Road segment Name	Distance covered	Remarks
Charlotte, North Carolina				At Trade Street intersection
	US-29	Tryon St
Fork in the Great Wagon Road				The road on the right led to Augusta, Georgia, via York, South Carolina and the Broad River ford near Union, South Carolina. The road on the left led to Augusta, Georgia, via Lancaster and Camden, South Carolina, as described below.
		Camden Rd + Tremont St + South Blvd		Slight detour around rail tracks
	NC-1308	Old Pineville Rd		Slight detour around rail tracks
		South Blvd		Slight detour around rail tracks
	NC-1308 + NC-1138	Old Pineville Rd + Arrowood Rd		Slight detour around rail tracks
		South St + Pineville Rd + Polk St + Lancaster Hwy
		Dorman Rd
South Carolina state line; Lancaster County line				Former boundary of Catawba Indian Nation
		Dorman Rd + Harrisburg Rd
Clems Branch of Twelvemile Creek ford				Great Wagon Road historical marker here at roadside
	US-521	Harrisburg Rd + Charlotte Hwy
Twelvemile Creek ford
	US-521	Charlotte Hwy + Main St		Fording Causar Branch, Waxhaw Creek, Cane Creek and Camp Creek.
Fork in the Great Wagon Rd; Gills Creek ford ; Lancaster, South Carolina				A branch of the Great Wagon Road from Concord, North Carolina, merged here with the branch from Charlotte to Camden. Waxhaw Presbyterian Church was built here in 1759, indicating the presence of an early Scotch-Irish settlement. Town possibly named by settlers from Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
	US-521 + US-521Bus	Main St + Kershaw Camden Hwy		Fording Bear Creek.
Kershaw, South Carolina
	US-521Bus + US-521	Hampton St + Kershaw Camden Hwy		Fording Hanging Rock Creek.
Kershaw County line at US-521 and SC-29-769 intersection
	US-521	Main St + Kershaw Camden Hwy + Broad St		Fording Grannies Quarter Creek, Gum Swamp Creek and Sanders Creek.
Camden, South Carolina
	US-1	Main St		Fording Bolton Branch and Camp Creek.
Wateree River ferry
	US-1 + SC-12	Two Notch Rd + Taylor St		Fording Buck Creek and Little Jackson Creek.
Columbia, South Carolina ; Congaree River ford ; Lexington County line
	SC-12 + US-1	Jarvis Klapman Blvd + Augusta Rd
Fork in the Great Wagon Road; Intersection of I-26 and US-1				I-26 leads north to the nearby Saluda River ford and the Broad River ford near Union, South Carolina, which carried wagon traffic from Charlotte, North Carolina.
	US-1	Augusta Rd + Main St
Lexington, South Carolina				Originally named "Saxe-Gotha".
	US-1 + SC-23	Main St + Augusta Rd + Leesville Ave + Church St		Fording Horse Creek, Little Creek and Clouds Creek.
Leesville, South Carolina ; at Lee St intersection
	SC-23	Church St
Saluda County line
	SC-23	Church St + Calhoun St
Fork in the Great Wagon Road; Johnston, South Carolina ; Edgefield County line				The Great Wagon Road branches from Columbia ford and Camden joined the branch from Pelzer here at Johnston. Later, in 1795, Francis Higgins installed a ferry across the Saluda River between Newberry and Saluda ; this shortened the Great Wagon Road to Augusta significantly.
	SC-121	Edgefield Rd
Aiken County line				At Sweetwater Rd intersection
	SC-121	Edgefield Rd
Savannah River Ferry; Georgia state line; Richmond County line ; Augusta, Georgia				The river was navigable from here to Savannah, Georgia.
End of the Great Wagon Road	-	-	-	-

Charlotte, North Carolina to Augusta, Georgia via Union and Columbia, South Carolina

Continue south at Charlotte, North Carolina:

Location	Present-day Road segment Number	Present-day Road segment Name	Distance covered	Remarks
Charlotte, North Carolina				At Trade Street intersection
	NC-49	Tryon St
Fork in the Great Wagon Road				The road on the left led to Augusta, Georgia, via Lancaster and Camden, South Carolina. The road on the right led to Augusta, Georgia via Union and Columbia, South Carolina as described below.
	NC-49	Tryon St
Catawba River, South Carolina state line; York County line				Originally a ferry; now bridged.
	SC-49	Charlotte Hwy + Congress St
York, South Carolina ; at Liberty Street Intersection.				Originally called Fergus Crossroads. Possibly renamed by settlers from York, Pennsylvania. Some wagon traffic arrived here from Charlotte via the Nations Ford at the Catawba River. One crossroad ran from Kings Mountain in North Carolina to Camden and Charleston, South Carolina.
	SC-49	Congress St + Sharon Rd + Lockhart Hwy
Chester County line				At Mt Hopewell church.
	SC-49	Lockhart Hwy
Broad River Ford ; Lockhart, SC; Union County line
	SC-49	Lockhart Hwy + Main St
Union, South Carolina				Originally Unionville. Named after Union church, built 1765.
Fork in the Great Wagon Road				It is possible to reach Augusta by continuing west on SC-49, but it is a considerably longer alternate route. Instead, turn left onto SC-215 to reach Augusta via the Saluda River ford at Columbia, then through Leesville and Johnston, South Carolina as described below.
	SC-215	Monarch Hwy + Santuc Carlisle Hwy
	US-72	Carlisle-Whitmire Hwy
	SC-36-54	Tuckertown Rd		It is possible to trace the path from this location by following the creek crossings on the 1776 Mouzon map.
Tyger River ford ; Newberry County line
	SC-36-54 + SC-36-45	Tuckertown Rd + Maybinton Rd
Enoree River ford
	SC-36-45 + SC-36-55 + SC-36-28	Maybinton Rd + Mt Pleasant Rd + Broad River Rd
Second Creek ford
		Broad River Rd
Cannons Creek ford
		Broad River Rd
Crims Creek ford ; Richland County line
	SC-40-32 + US-176	Stoudemayer Rd + Broad River Rd
Wateree Creek ford
	US-176	Broad River Rd
Hollinshead Creek ford
	US-176 + US-76 + I-26	Broad River Rd + I-26
Saluda River ford ; Lexington County line
	I-26	Interstate Hwy 26
Fork in the Great Wagon Road; West Columbia, South Carolina ; junction with "Fall Line Rd" from Camden, South Carolina				The Fall Line Rd was also called the "Occaneechi Path".
	US-1	Augusta Rd + Main St
Lexington, South Carolina				Originally named "Saxe-Gotha"
	US-1 + SC-23	Main St + Augusta Rd + Leesville Ave + Church St		Fording Horse Creek, Little Creek and Clouds Creek.
Leesville, South Carolina ; at Lee St intersection.
	SC-23	Church St
Saluda County line
	SC-23	Church St + Calhoun St
Fork in the Great Wagon Road; Johnston, South Carolina ; Edgefield County line				The Great Wagon Road branches from Columbia ford and Camden joined the branch from Union and Pelzer here at Johnston. Later, in 1795, Francis Higgins installed a ferry across the Saluda River between Newberry and Saluda ; this shortened the Great Wagon Road to Augusta significantly.
	SC-121	Edgefield Rd
Aiken County line				At Sweetwater Rd intersection
	SC-121	Edgefield Rd
Savannah River Ferry; Georgia state line; Richmond County line ; Augusta, Georgia				The river was navigable from here to Savannah, Georgia.
End of the Great Wagon Road	-	-	-	-

Alternate path from Union, South Carolina to Augusta, Georgia, via Pelzer, South Carolina

Continue west from Union, South Carolina after the Broad River crossing:

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