Green room
In show business, the green room is the space in a theatre or similar venue that functions as a waiting room and lounge for performers before, during and after a performance or show when they are not engaged on stage. Green rooms typically have seating for the performers, such as upholstered chairs and sofas.
The origin of the term is often ascribed to such rooms historically being painted green. Modern green rooms need not necessarily adhere to a specifically green color scheme, though the theatrical tradition of the name remains.
Possible sources of the term
The definitive origin of the term is lost to history, which has led to many theories and claims.One of the oldest stories is that London's Blackfriars Theatre included a room behind the scenes, which happened to be painted green; where the actors waited to go on stage. It was called "the green room". Some English theatres contained several green rooms, each ranked according to the status, fame and salary of the actor: one could be fined for using a green room above one's station.
Richard Southern, in his studies of Medieval theatre in the round, states that in this period the acting area was referred to as the green. This central space, often grass-covered, was used by the actors, while the surrounding space and circular banks were occupied by the spectators. From this source then The Green has been a traditional actors' term for the stage. Even in proscenium arch theatres there was a tradition that a green stage cloth should be used for a tragedy. The green room could thus be considered the transition room on the way to the green/stage. Technical staff at some West End theatres still refer to the stage as the green.
Another theory is that the room was originally painted green to "relieve the eyes from the glare of the stage." On the other hand, early stage lighting was by candlelight and later by gaslight, so the "glare" might well be apocryphal, a modern reference to bright electric stage lighting. It is sometimes said that the term green room was a response to limelight, though the name is merely a coincidence – "limelight" refers to calcium oxide, not to the fruit or colour. Furthermore, limelight was invented in 1820 and the term "green room" was used many years prior to that.
It is possible that "green room" might be a corruption of scene room, the room where scenery was stored which doubled as the actors' waiting and warm-up room.
Many actors experience nervous anxiety before a performance and one of the symptoms of nervousness is nausea. As a person who feels nauseous is often said to look "green", suggesting that the "Green Room" is the place where the nervous actors wait.
According to one theory, long before modern makeup was invented the actors had to apply makeup before a show and allow it to set up or cure before performing. Until the makeup was cured, it was green and people were advised to sit quietly in the green room until such time as the makeup was stable enough for performing. Uncured makeup is gone, but the green room lives on.
In Shakespearean theatre actors would prepare for their performances in a room filled with plants and shrubs. It was believed that the moisture in the topiary was beneficial to the actors' voices. Thus the green room may refer to the green plants in this stage preparation area.
The term green room can alternatively be traced back to the East End of London, England. In Cockney rhyming slang, greengage is stage, therefore greengage room is stage room and like most rhyming slang it gets shortened, hence green' room. This information came from comedian and dancer Max Wall. Rhyming Slang can be traced only as early as the 1840s, whereas the phrase "green room" predates this by several centuries, making such an etymology unlikely.
Green is also thought to be a calming and soothing colour.
"Tiring houses"
In Shakespeare's day, the actors waited in a "tiring house" probably because actors were attired in this space. Here it is mentioned by Peter Quince as he plans for his acting troupe to rehearse in the woods:Samuel Pepys mentions these locations at the Drury Lane Theatre Royal in 1667:
Other mentions
- Thomas Shadwell's Restoration comedy, A True Widow, mentions in Act Four: Stanmore : "No madam: Selfish, this Evening, in a green Room, behind the Scenes, was before-hand with me..."
- The term "green room" is mentioned in Colley Cibber's Love Makes a Man. "I do know London pretty well, and the Side-box, Sir, and behind the Scenes; ay, and the Green-Room, and all the Girls and Women~Actresses there."
- In his Life of Samuel Johnson, James Boswell mentions visits by his subject to the Green Room at the Drury Lane Theatre.
- In 1792, Joseph Haslewood published a collection of memoirs of the actors and actresses of the London theatres entitled, The Secret History of the Green-Room, while 1796 saw the first edition of John Roach's similarly themed, Authentic Memoirs of the Green-Room.
- In the Jane Austen novel Mansfield Park, when the Bertram children convert the billiard room into a theatre, Tom Bertram notes, "And my father's room will be an excellent green-room. It seems to join the billiard room on purpose."
- In the 1853 Charlotte Brontë novel Villette the narrator refers to the green-room when preparing for a performance in an amateur play.
- Jerome K. Jerome's first book comically describes his stint in English theatre during the late 1870s. "There was no green room. There never had been a green room. I never saw a green room, except in a play, though I was always on the lookout for it."
- The green room is mentioned in the Sherlock Holmes short story "The Man with the Twisted Lip" by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. "When an actor I had, of course, learned all the secrets of making up, and had been famous in the green-room for my skill."
- The Green Room, an upscale cocktail bar in Northampton, MA, serves as the central hub for concert-goers and performers before and after shows at the surrounding music venues. Its primarily green decor harkens back to the historic style of such rooms in theaters.