Guk, also sometimes known as tang, is a class of soup-like dishes in Korean cuisine. Guk and tang are commonly grouped together and regarded as the same type of dish, although tang can sometimes be less watery than guk. It is one of the most basic components in a Korean meal, along with bap, and banchan. In Korean table setting, guk is served on the right side of bap, and left side of sujeo. Guk is a native Korean word, while tang is a Sino-Korean word that originally meant "boiling water" or "soup". Tang has been used as an honorific term in place of guk, when it denotes the same meaning as guk as in yeonpo-tang, daegu-tang, or jogae-tang. Generally, the names of lighter soups with vegetables are suffixed with -guk, while heavier, thicker soups made with more solid ingredients used in jesa are often referred to as tang. Gamja-guk and gamja-tang are different dishes; the potato soup can be called gamjeo-tang.
Types
Guk is largely categorized into four groups of soups, such as malgeun jangguk, gomguk, tojangguk, and naengguk. Malgeun jangguk literally means "clear soup seasoned with a condiment," such as doenjang or ganjang, and is served in a bansang. The main ingredients for malgeun jangguk are meat, fish, vegetables, and seafoods. Gomguk, also called gomtang, refers to either a soup type made by boiling various beef parts such as rib, oxtail, brisket, head, and so forth for a long time, or made with ox bone by the same method. The broth of gomguk tends to have a milky color and to be rich and hearty taste. It can also be made with chicken or pork bone, to produce samgyetang or gamjatang. Tojangguk are based on doenjang broth and ssaltteumul. The taste is usually savory and deep. Naengguk are cold soups usually eaten in summer. These soups are usually clean and tangy, such as with oi naengguk and miyeok naengguk. Kkaetguk, made with chicken and sesame seeds, is thick and serves to replenish and supplement nutrients during hot weather.
* Seolleongtang : ox leg bone soup simmered for more than 10 hours until the soup is milky-white. Usually served in a bowl containing somyeon and pieces of beef. Sliced scallions and black pepper are used as condiments
* Samgyetang, a soup made with Cornish game hens that are stuffed with ginseng, a hedysarum, glutinous rice, jujubes, garlic, and chestnuts; the soup is traditionally eaten in the summer
* Gamjatang, a spicy soup made with pork spine, vegetables, and hot peppers; the vertebrae are usually separated, and the dish is often served as a late night snack but may also be served for lunch or dinner
* Dwaeji gukbap, a representative regional hearty pork-parts soup with rice of coastal Gyeongsang-do
''Tojangguk''
Tojangguk are eaten all year round. The term emerged in the 1930s in Korean cookbooks.
Naengguk refers to all kinds of cold soups, mainly eaten in summer. They are also called changuk in pure Korean while the term naengguk is a combination of a Hanja word and a pure Korean word with the same meaning. The first historical record on naengguk appears in a poem written by Yi Gyu-bo, a high officer of the Goryeo period. Naengguk is referred to as "sungaeng" in the poem, which literally means sunchaeguk, soup made with sunchae. Yi praised its clear and plain taste. Naengguk is generally divided into two categories according to taste and ingredients. One group of naengguk is made by mixing chilled water and vinegar to give a sweet and sour taste; examples include miyeok naengguk made with wakame, oi naengguk made with cucumber, pa naengguk made with spring onions, nameul naengguk made with garlic, and gim naengguk made with gim or nori. The other group is made to supplement health and has rich tastes, such as chilled soup made with chicken, sesame, or soy bean.
Haejangguk : a favorite hangover cure consisting usually of meaty pork spine, ugeoji coagulated ox blood, and vegetables in a hearty beef broth; legend has it that soon after World War II, the restaurant that invented this stew was the only place open in the Jongno district when the curfew at the time lifted at 4:00 AM
Sundaeguk : made with Sundae and sometimes it includes fatty pieces of intestine, liver, lungs, bits of cartilage, and meat.
''Gukbap''
Gukbap are dishes developed from guk. The term literally means "soup with rice." The dish is typically served in restaurants, and has become popular among the working class since the late Joseon Dynasty.
Kongnamul gukbap, clear soybean sprout soup with rice
Ttaro gukbap, a variety of yukgaejang, local specialty of Daegu
