Hans Wehr transliteration

• Hamza is represented as ʼ in the middle and at the end of a word. At the beginning of a word, it is not represented.
• The tāʼ marbūṭa is normally not represented, and words ending in it simply have a final -a. It is, however, represented with a t when it is the ending of the first noun of an iḍāfa and with an h when it appears after a long ā.
• Native Arabic long vowels: ā ī ū
• Long vowels in borrowed words: ē ō
• Short vowels: fatḥa is represented as a, kasra as i and ḍamma as u.
• Wāw and yāʼ are represented as u and i after fatḥa: ʻain "eye", yaum "day".
• Non-standard Arabic consonants: p, ž, g
• Alif maqṣūra : ā
• Madda : ā at the beginning of a word, ʼā in the middle or at the end
• A final yāʼ, the nisba adjective ending, is represented as ī normally, but as īy when the ending contains the third consonant of the root. This difference is not written in the Arabic.
• Capitalization: The transliteration uses no capitals, even for proper names.
• Definite article: The Arabic definite article الـ is represented as al- except where assimilation occurs: al- + šams is transliterated aš-šams. The a in al- is omitted after a final a or changed to i after a feminine third person singular perfect verb form.