Haplogroup K2b1 (Y-DNA)


Haplogroup K2b1, known sometimes as haplogroup MS, is a human Y-DNA haplogroup, defined by SNPs P397 and P399. It has a complex, diverse and not-yet fully understood internal structure; its downstream descendants include the major haplogroups Haplogroup M and Haplogroup S.
It is not clear at present whether the basal paragroup K2b1* is carried by any living males. Individuals carrying subclades of K2b1 are found primarily among Papuan peoples, Micronesian peoples, indigenous Australians, and Polynesians.

Structure

K2b1 is a direct descendant of K2b – known previously as Haplogroup MPS.
Its only primary branches are: the major haplogroups S, also known as K2b1a and M, also known as K2b1b.

Distribution

K2b1 is strongly associated with the indigenous peoples of Melanesia and Micronesia, and to a lesser extent Polynesia, where it is generally found only among 5–10% of males. It is found in 83% of males in Papua New Guinea, and up to 60% in the Aeta of the Philippines. The vast majority of living males carrying K2b1 are members of downstream subclades within the major haplogroups M and S.
Studies of indigenous Australian Y-DNA published in 2014 and 2015, suggest that, before contact with Europeans, about 29% of Australian Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander males belonged to downstream subclades of K2b1. That is, up to 27% indigenous Australian males carry haplogroup S1a1a1, and one study found that approximately 2.0% – i.e. 0.9% of the sample in a study in which 45% of the total was deemed to be non-indigenous – belonged to haplogroup M1. All of these males carrying M1 were Torres Strait Islanders.
PopulationK2b1 as a %
Papua New Guinea82.76%
New Zealand03.82%
Fiji60.75%
Solomon Islands71.9%
French Polynesia08.00%
Vanuatu76.5%
Guam33.3%
Samoa08.04%
Kiribati0%
Tonga20.69%
Micronesia FDR66.67%
Marshall Islands63.64%
Palau61.5% small sample size
Cook Islands03.9%
Wallis and Futuna26%
Tuvalu36%
Nauru28.6%
Niue0%
Tokelau50%
Hawaii20%
Aboriginal Australians29%
Timor25%
Aeta60%
Filipinos04.00%
Malaysia02.40%
Flores35%
Sulawesi11.3%
Eastern Indonesia25.9%
Java0%
Bali0.90%
Sumatra0%
Borneo 05.80%
West Papua52.6%
Papua Province82.6%
Sumba25.2%
Chuukkese people 76.5%
Pohnpeian people 70%